I. Environmental impacts during construction
The construction of Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant mainly includes the construction of roads, site leveling and main structures of the plant, and its impacts on the environment mainly include:
Atmospheric environment: as with other construction projects, the construction of Henan Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant in the course of the earthwork project will have temporary impacts on the quality of the atmospheric environment, due to the fact that the blasting, digging, filling, construction of roads, dumping of residue and vehicle transportation will cause dust in the construction area. Stacking and vehicle transportation will cause the construction area to be dusty, and the dust content in the atmosphere will increase, which will have a temporary impact on the quality of the atmospheric environment. The nuclear power plant construction unit will take the following protective measures to minimize the impact of dust.
1. Scattered dust and soil on the construction area and related roads should be swept in time, and water should be sprinkled on the road surface frequently to keep the road surface wet;
2. In the vicinity of the environmental protection targets, isolation boards should be used to isolate the construction area from the surroundings;
3. Excavated earth should be transported to the filling lots for filling in time as far as possible, and the stacking time of earth is reduced to a minimum;
4. slag temporary dumping ground should be covered with cloth for protection;
5. cement and other powdery construction materials should be properly stored, not open storage;
6. strengthen construction management, reasonable scheduling of transportation vehicles and so on.
The environmental impact of the construction process on the atmosphere is temporary, and the quality of the local atmospheric environment will soon be restored after construction.
Acoustic environment: during the construction of earthworks, the noise generated by excavation and blasting as well as all kinds of construction and transportation machinery will have a certain impact on the acoustic environment around the plant site. However, as the blasting construction is staged and concentrated in the early stage of construction, its impact time is short and the scope of impact is limited.
The construction unit will take the following measures to minimize the noise impact during the construction of the nuclear power plant:
1. Use low-noise construction equipment;
2. Reasonable arrangement of the construction schedule, strengthen the management of noisy equipments during the construction period, and avoid the use of multiple noisy equipments at the same time;
3. Pay attention to the sensitive points of the noise and use the distance-attenuation Pay attention to the noise sensitive points, use distance attenuation, and build noise barriers if necessary to reduce the impact of construction noise on the public.
Water environment: Pollution in the water environment mainly comes from the loss of earth and stone and construction materials during the construction period, as well as the discharge of production wastewater and construction personnel's domestic sewage. During the construction period, a small amount of construction materials and produced sediment and other easy with the wind, precipitation and other external conditions caused by the role of the regional river water sand content and turbidity increase, as well as construction of a small amount of production wastewater (containing oil and sediment) into the waters caused by a certain degree of pollution, the scope of the impact is localized, can be restored after the end of the construction.
The construction unit will take the following measures to mitigate the pollution of the water environment during the construction of the nuclear power plant.
1. Construction of sewage settling tanks, construction sewage must be settled to remove solid pollutants before discharge;
2. Proper storage of construction materials, stacking should be far away from the water body, and need to take certain protective measures;
3. Strengthening of the management of domestic wastewater, in the early stage of the construction of the plant will be the first to build the appropriate size of the sewage treatment station, during the construction of the generated After purification and treatment of domestic sewage to meet the standards, it will be discharged into the receiving water body through a special discharge pipeline, and it is strictly prohibited to discharge it directly into the environment;
4. Strengthening the management of oil used in vehicles and equipment to prevent oil from entering the construction wastewater, which will in turn pollute the water environment. For the presence of sewage containing oil, it will enter the grease trap to be treated to the standard before it is allowed to be discharged into the receiving water body.
Soil erosion: during the construction period of the project, there will be excavation and filling of the bare surface generated, the surface structure of the bare surface is loose, the vegetation cover is low, so that the soil in the area of the erosion resistance is reduced; at the same time, a large number of earth and stone moving and piling will also provide sufficient soil erosion material, resulting in the project area and the nearby construction area of the local erosion is aggravated. After the end of the project construction, the factors causing soil erosion due to construction gradually disappear, and the surface disturbance also basically stops, the soil erosion in the construction area will be obviously reduced, but there is still a certain amount of soil erosion.
Therefore, the construction unit for the characteristics of the project, the development of the corresponding soil erosion control measures, temporary dumps to temporary protective measures, plant and road excavation of the exposed surface of the slope protection greening measures, other areas will be based on the environmental conditions of the project area and the characteristics of soil erosion may be caused by soil erosion, to take the appropriate soil erosion control measures. Soil and water conservation monitoring will be carried out in the construction period and vegetation restoration period of the key soil and water erosion areas, and the soil and water conservation measures will be designed, constructed and put into use at the same time as the main project, so that the soil and water erosion generated during the construction process will be reduced to the minimum
II. Environmental impact during operation
The environmental impact during the operation period of the Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant will be mainly divided into impacts during the normal operation period and environmental impacts during accidental operation conditions. and the environmental impact under accidental working conditions.
Environmental impacts during normal operation of the Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant mainly include the following aspects:
1. Non-radioactive pollution
Temperature and water discharge impacts: In order to reduce the environmental impacts of temperature and water discharge generated by the nuclear power plant during its normal operation on the surrounding waters, the project adopts a secondary cooling cycle, which will not have obvious environmental impacts on the surrounding waters.
Impact of chemical substance discharge: There is no heavy metal particle substance discharge from the nuclear power plant. In order to ensure the quality of water used in nuclear power plants, chemical additives such as boric acid, lithium hydroxide, sodium oxide, ferric chloride, sodium hypochlorite, ammonia, hydrazine, liquid ammonia and other chemical additives are needed, which will be discharged into the waters with the wastewater, and thus the wastewater generated will contain corresponding chemical substances, but the concentration of these chemical substances is usually quite low, and thus will not have a significant impact on the receiving water bodies.
Impact of domestic wastewater: the discharges from the power plant's domestic wastewater and other non-radioactive wastewater treatment will be discharged after being treated by the wastewater treatment system to meet the Class I standard in the Comprehensive Wastewater Emission Standards (GB8978-1996), and the amount of domestic wastewater generated is not large, so it will not adversely affect the environment of the surrounding waters.
2. Non-radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control Measures
The power plant can minimize the impact of the warm water discharge of the power plant through the reasonable arrangement of the water withdrawal and drainage structures after full demonstration.
The nuclear power plant has set up a special sewage treatment facility for the treatment of domestic and non-radioactive production wastewater generated by the staff, which is discharged after reaching the standard. Reasonable and feasible operating procedures are formulated, and chemical reagents are used reasonably.
3. Radiation environmental impact
According to the preliminary calculation and analysis, the maximum personal dose (adult) to the public around the plant site during the normal operation of the first phase of the Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant is 0.013mSv per year (gaseous pathway: 7.23E-03mSv; liquid pathway: 5.64E-03mSv), which is much lower than the national standard "Regulations on Environmental Radiation Protection of Nuclear Power Plants" (GB626). The dose is far lower than the 0.25mSv required by the national standard "Regulations on Environmental Radiation Protection of Nuclear Power Plants" (GB6249-86), accounting for only 5.15% of the national standard. The radiation dose of an adult taking a chest X-ray is 0.4mSv, and the radiation impact of the two AP1000 nuclear power units accounts for only 3.25% of the 0.4mSv.
4. Pollution Prevention and Control Measures for Radiation Effects
Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant in Henan Province, in addition to selecting the pressurized water reactor type nuclear power units with good inherent safety performance, will also strictly follow the principle of "Three Simultaneous" of simultaneous design, simultaneous construction and simultaneous commissioning to configure a complete and effective dedicated safety system and three-waste management system to ensure that the nuclear power plant meets the requirements of the "Three Simultaneous" principle of simultaneous design, simultaneous construction and simultaneous commissioning. systems to ensure that the environmental protection requirements of the nuclear power plant are met after it is put into operation.
Inherent safety: The Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant adopts the concept of "defense in depth" in its design, and an important element in the implementation of defense in depth is the setting up of multiple physical barriers to confine radioactive substances within a specific range. In pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants, three safety barriers are installed: the fuel element envelope, the first circuit pressure boundary and the containment. An engineered safety facility is specifically designed to cope with a design basis accident in order to mitigate its consequences to comply with the requirements of safety guidelines. It is the third level of defense in the longitudinal defense system. The engineered safety facilities mainly include the non-energetic core cooling system, the non-energetic containment cooling system, the containment hydrogen control system, the containment and containment isolation system, and the main control room emergency residual system.
Radioactive waste treatment system: in order to ensure the normal operation of the nuclear power plant, the need to decontaminate the fluids within the radioactive circuit, thus generating a small amount of radioactive substances to be discharged, most of these substances into the solid waste after the temporary storage of the plant waste bank, after a certain period of time to the national planning of radioactive waste storage or treatment, not directly into the environment; and a small amount of liquid and gas Radioactive substances need to be collected, processed and decayed for a period of time through the corresponding waste treatment system, and discharged into the environment after qualified monitoring, so that the radioactive substances entering the environment can be controlled.
Radioactive effluent monitoring system: radioactive substances are continuously monitored by the monitoring system in the process of discharging, and once it is found that the discharge exceeds the specified limit value (greater than the national discharge standard), the discharge pipeline is immediately and automatically cut off and retreated, which prevents the over-discharge of radioactive substances.
Environmental monitoring system: There is an environmental monitoring system in the plant and the surrounding environment, which can monitor the change of the radioactive content in the environment in real time, and analyze the reasons and solve the problem practically as soon as the change is found.
Emergency plan: The nuclear power plant has a perfect emergency plan based on the operating characteristics of the plant and the surrounding environment, and it is linked with all levels of government, medical institutions, the army, the military, and other departments, so that in the event of an accident, it can be ensured that the personnel of each region can be reasonably arranged.
Nanyang nuclear power plant in the maximum credible accident conditions, the impact on the environment is mainly radiation impact, in the nuclear power plant on the basis of the inherent radioactive protection design through the conservative calculation parameters estimated that the plant site non-residential radius in addition to the ESE direction of 740m, SE direction of 660m, E direction of 540m, the rest of the direction of the radius of the 500m.
Progress: Formally shortlisted in national planning
"Since its launch in 2003, the Nanyang nuclear power project, as a key nuclear power project promoted by China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), has now been included in the national medium- and long-term development plan for nuclear power." On the morning of Oct. 19, in the lobby of the fifth floor of the Nanyang Hotel, Li Jinying, chairman of the board of CNNC Henan Nuclear Power Co. Ltd, who has just assumed his post, announced the exciting news by tightly holding the hand of Huang Xingwei, secretary of the Nanyang Municipal Party Committee.
On the afternoon of Oct. 19, Li Jinying said in an exclusive interview with the newspaper that it was significant that the Henan Nanyang nuclear power project was included in the national medium- and long-term development plan for nuclear power.
According to a comrade from the Nanyang Nuclear Power Office, as early as the beginning of 2003, Henan Province launched a province-wide survey of nuclear power plant site resources. 2006 June, the State Electric Power Planning and Design Institute to review and recommend the Nanyang Gaozhuang, Yao Gou and Xinyang Hejiawan three sites as a pre-selected site for the nuclear power project in Henan Province. 2006 June, the Henan Province, a combination of factors, to determine Nanyang Gaozhuang plant site As Henan nuclear power construction implementation site.
Reporters in the Nanyang nuclear power plant site to see, with an investment of more than 40 million yuan of Nanyang nuclear power plant site protection road, has been completed on October 19th opened to traffic. Site protection road is 4.134 kilometers long, 17.5 meters wide, two-way 4 lanes.
Expectations: annual sales revenue of 20 billion yuan
In accordance with the requirements of the national medium- and long-term development plan for nuclear power, the Nanyang nuclear power project must start construction before 2020, as for which year before 2020 to start, mainly depends on the investor in what time to get the "road".
CNRC Henan Nuclear Power Co. As the unit fully responsible for the construction, commissioning, operation and management of the Henan Nanyang nuclear power project, CNNC Henan Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. was formed by CNNC, China Power Investment Corporation, and Henan Investment Group Co. in the proportion of 51%, 40%, and 9%*** respectively.
Henan Nanyang nuclear power project is proposed to build 4 sets of megawatt-class AP1000 nuclear power units, the first phase of the construction of 2 sets, the long-term planning of 6 sets. Each nuclear power unit will require an investment of 14 billion yuan, and the total investment will exceed 80 billion yuan.
Li Jinying said the construction period of the Nanyang nuclear power project is generally 52 to 56 months, or more than four years. The economic benefits after completion and commissioning are substantial, with annual sales revenue of 20 billion yuan and profits and taxes of 2.6 billion yuan.
Environmental protection: radiation pollution is very weak?
Li Jinying said, the upcoming Henan Nanyang nuclear power project, will use the world's most advanced third-generation pressurized water reactor (AP1000) nuclear power technology. AP1000 nuclear power technology safety factor has been raised to one in a million, that is to say, the chances of an accident is only encountered once in a million years. The Nanyang nuclear power plant project is designed to have a lifespan of 60 years, at which point it can be decommissioned.
A comrade from the nuclear power office told reporters that radiation pollution from the plant is very weak. At 500 meters from the reactor, the daily dose of radioactivity people receive is equivalent to watching an hour of television. A comrade from the Qinshan nuclear power plant said, "Working at a nuclear power plant for 20 years, the human body is only exposed to nuclear radiation equivalent to doing a chest and lung fluoroscopy."
The water discharged from nuclear power plants does not harm people either. There are three main types of wastewater from nuclear power plants: domestic water and sewage; circulating cooling water and warm drainage; and low-level radioactive wastewater discharge. Circulating cooling water is not discharged to surface waters. And after the low radioactive waste water is diluted, the concentration is also in line with the Water Quality Standards for Domestic Drinking Water Sources and will not cause pollution.
Highlights of the environmental impact assessment conclusions proposed in the environmental impact report:
- The Nanyang nuclear power plant site is compatible with the local plan, and the necessity of construction is sufficient;
- There are subversive factors in the environmental characteristics of the site for the construction of the Nanyang nuclear power plant;
- The environmental impacts during the construction of the Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant are acceptable;
- The consequences of the radioactive dose during the normal operation of the Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant and under the maximum credible accidental working condition are not acceptable to meet the requirements of the national standard Provisions on Environmental Radiation Protection of Nuclear Power Plants (GB6249-86);
- The non-radioactive environmental impacts during normal operation of the Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant are acceptable;
- There are no subversive factors at the site that affect the feasibility of implementing the emergency plan.
"In general, analyzing the natural and social conditions of the Nanyang Nuclear Power Plant site, the site meets the requirements for the construction of a nuclear power plant; the site meets the requirements of China's relevant regulations and standards with regard to the impact of the construction of the plant on the environment and the possible impacts of the environment on the plant, as well as the possible impacts on the environment from the normal operation of the plant and from accidental working conditions. In terms of the impact of nuclear power plant construction and operation on the environment, the Nanyang nuclear power plant site is not suitable for the construction of two AP1000 pressurized water reactor nuclear power units in the area of the site is feasible.