(1) Principle of respect (autonomy): The principle of respect (autonomy) means that both doctors and patients should respect each other’s personal dignity, emphasizing that medical staff should respect the personal dignity and autonomy of each other in diagnosis, treatment and nursing practice. respect. The principle of respect requires medical staff to equally respect the personality and dignity of patients and their families; respect patients' informed consent and right to choose; fulfill their responsibilities to help and persuade; and even restrict patients from making inappropriate choices;
(2) The principle of non-maleficence : The principle of do no harm refers to avoiding physical and mental damage to patients during diagnosis, treatment and care. This is the basic principle that medical workers should follow. The principle of no harm requires medical staff to be patient-centered and resolutely eliminate intentional and responsible harm; prevent unintentional but knowable harm and minimize controllable harm; and not abuse auxiliary examinations, drugs and operations;
(3) Principle of benefit: The principle of benefit refers to the ethical principle that puts the health of patients first and effectively seeks the interests of patients. The principle of benefit requires that the actions of medical staff are related to relieving the patient's suffering; the action of medical staff may relieve the suffering of the patient; the behavior of medical staff does more good than harm to the patient; the patient's benefit will not cause too much harm to others;
(4) Principle of justice: Medical justice refers to the principle of treating every patient fairly and honestly in medical services. The principle of justice requires medical staff to strive to achieve equality in basic medical treatment and care for patients; to treat all patients equally; and to seek truth from facts in the event of doctor-patient disputes or medical errors.