Before using hazardous chemicals, you must first understand the characteristics and precautions of this chemical.
Before using hazardous chemicals, you must first understand the safety labels and safety data sheets. Learn about the properties and precautions of this chemical. The basis for the identification of major hazard sources of hazardous chemicals is the hazardous characteristics of the chemical and what it is
The basis for identifying major hazard sources is the hazardous characteristics of the substance and its quantity.
A major hazard source refers to a unit that produces, transports, uses or stores dangerous goods for a long time or temporarily, and the quantity of dangerous goods is equal to or exceeds the critical quantity. A unit refers to one (set) production device, facility or place, or several (sets) production devices, facilities or places belonging to the same production and operation unit and with an edge distance of less than 500m.
Controlling major hazard sources is the focus of safety management. The purpose of controlling major hazard sources is not only to prevent the occurrence of major accidents, but also to limit the accident to the minimum level once an accident occurs. In other words, it can be controlled to an acceptable level. Major hazard sources always involve flammable, explosive, and toxic hazardous substances, and the use, production, processing, and storage of these substances exceed a critical amount within a certain range. Due to the complexity of industrial production, especially chemical production, it is necessary to adopt systems engineering theories and methods to effectively control major hazard sources.
Generally, major hazard sources are divided into two categories, hazardous chemicals and hazardous locations and facilities. Hazardous chemicals are mainly identified with reference to the "GB18218-2009 Identification of Major Hazardous Sources of Hazardous Chemicals" standard. Hazardous locations and facilities are mainly identified by Identify according to the provisions of the document "Guiding Opinions on Carrying out the Supervision and Management of Major Hazardous Sources" (An Jian Guan Huo Zi [2004] No. 56). Specific substances and critical quantities are available in standards and documents. What should you pay attention to when using hazardous chemicals?
Things you should pay attention to when using hazardous chemicals include fire prevention and poison prevention. You must ensure safety in all aspects. Whether you are using or operating, you must go through the safety production management department. Only training can be done. Briefly describe the precautions for handling hazardous chemical fires
When dealing with hazardous chemical fires, please note: 1. Don’t panic; 2. Call 119 and 120 quickly to prevent anyone from being injured; 3. Control the fire quickly to prevent it from spreading; 4. If the fire is serious, leave the scene quickly; 5. Chemical fires should be extinguished by professional fire brigade, with the cooperation of on-site personnel; 6. Select appropriate fire extinguishing agents when extinguishing the fire. The main fire extinguishing methods for chemical fires include cooling, isolation, suffocation, chemical suppression, etc. Chemical fire extinguishers are generally foam fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, and dry powder fire extinguishers! Safety first, I hope you are satisfied, thank you!
Pay attention to the types of burning objects. For example, items covered with sand are prohibited. You can use dense water flow or spray water guns to put out the fire to prevent gas diffusion, accelerate the explosion reaction, and increase the risk of fire. Big bang power. Do not use water or water-containing foam to extinguish fires when burning items come into contact with water. The peroxide in the oxidizer reacts with water and can release oxygen to accelerate combustion. Items corroded by acids such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid will boil immediately when exposed to pressurized and dense water flow. The acid will splash everywhere; some hazardous chemicals can produce toxic or corrosive gases when exposed to water; powdery items such as sulfur powder, organic pigments, powdered pesticides, etc. can catch fire and cannot be impacted with pressurized water to prevent the powder from flying and expanding. Accident; if a flammable liquid organic oxidant with a specific gravity less than 1 and is insoluble in water breaks out in a fire, it cannot be put out with water. Cyanide in some toxic substances can generate highly toxic gas hydrogen cyanide when exposed to acidic substances in foam. Chemical foam cannot be used to extinguish fires. Water and sand can be used to extinguish fires. When lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, strontium, magnesium, aluminum powder, etc. contained in water-burning items catch fire, carbon dioxide cannot be used to extinguish the fire. Currently, only dry sand can be used to extinguish the fire, and 1211 can also be used to extinguish the fire. It is prohibited to stand downwind and not wear gas masks such as oxygen respirators or air respirators to fight fires caused by cyanide, phosphorus, arsenic and selenium compounds in inorganic drugs and most organic drugs. Precautions for the use of chemicals
The production conditions of units that use hazardous chemicals must comply with national standards and relevant national regulations, and obtain corresponding licenses in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations. They must establish, Improve safety management rules and regulations for the use of hazardous chemicals to ensure the safe use and management of hazardous chemicals.
Article 16 Those who produce, store, and use hazardous chemicals shall set up corresponding monitoring, ventilation, sun protection, temperature adjustment, and other equipment in workshops, warehouses and other workplaces according to the types and characteristics of hazardous chemicals. Fire prevention, fire extinguishing, explosion prevention, pressure relief, virus prevention, disinfection, neutralization, moisture proof, lightning protection, antistatic, anticorrosion, anti-leakage, protective dikes or isolation operations and other safety facilities and equipment, and in accordance with national standards and relevant national regulations Carry out maintenance and upkeep to ensure compliance with safe operation requirements.
Article 17 Units that produce, store, and use highly toxic chemicals shall conduct a safety assessment of their production and storage devices every year; units that produce, store, and use other hazardous chemicals shall Conduct a safety evaluation of the unit's production and storage facilities every two years.
The safety evaluation report should propose rectification plans for safety problems existing in production and storage devices. If it is discovered during the safety assessment that there is a real danger in the production or storage device, use should be stopped immediately, replaced or repaired, and corresponding safety measures should be taken.
The safety evaluation report shall be reported to the department responsible for the comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals at the local districted municipal people’s *** for record.
Article 18 Units that produce, store, and use hazardous chemicals shall set up communication and alarm devices at the production, storage, and use sites, and ensure that they are in a normal and applicable state under any circumstances.
Article 19 Units that produce, store, and use highly toxic chemicals shall truthfully record the production, flow direction, storage volume, and uses of highly toxic chemicals, and take necessary security measures to prevent serious Toxic chemicals are stolen, lost, or mis-sold or misused; when highly toxic chemicals are discovered to be stolen, lost, mis-sold, or misused, they must be reported to the local public security department immediately.
Article 20 The packaging of hazardous chemicals must comply with national laws, regulations, rules and national standards.
The material, type, specification, method and unit mass (weight) of hazardous chemicals packaging should be compatible with the nature and purpose of the packaged hazardous chemicals and facilitate loading, unloading, transportation and storage.
Article 21 Packaging and containers of hazardous chemicals must be designated by professional production enterprises that have passed the examination and approval of the economic and trade management departments of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and must undergo quality inspection by the State Council. It can only be used after it has been tested and passed the inspection by a professional testing and inspection agency recognized by the department.
Reusable hazardous chemical packaging and containers should be inspected and recorded before use; the inspection records should be kept for at least 2 years.
The quality inspection department shall conduct regular or irregular inspections on the product quality of packages and containers of hazardous chemicals.
Article 22 Hazardous chemicals must be stored in special warehouses, special venues or special storage rooms (hereinafter collectively referred to as special warehouses). The storage methods, methods and storage quantities must comply with national standards, and must be handled by designated personnel. manage.
Hazardous chemicals entering and exiting the warehouse must be verified and registered. Stockpiles of hazardous chemicals should be inspected regularly.
Highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals whose storage quantity constitutes a major source of danger must be stored separately in a special warehouse, and a two-person delivery and two-person custody system shall be implemented. The storage unit shall report the quantity, location and management personnel of highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals that constitute major hazard sources to the local public security department and the department responsible for comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals for record.
Article 23 Special warehouses for hazardous chemicals shall comply with national standards for safety and fire protection, and shall be equipped with obvious signs. The storage equipment and safety facilities of special warehouses for hazardous chemicals should be tested regularly.
Article 24 The disposal of abandoned hazardous chemicals shall be carried out in accordance with the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste and relevant national regulations.
Article 25 If a unit that produces, stores, or uses hazardous chemicals changes production, ceases production, ceases operations, or dissolves, it shall take effective measures to dispose of the production or storage equipment, inventory products, and production equipment of hazardous chemicals. Raw materials must not leave any hidden dangers of accidents. The disposal plan shall be reported to the department responsible for the comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals at the local people's government at the districted municipal level and the environmental protection department and public security department at the same level for filing. The department responsible for the comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals shall supervise and inspect the disposal situation.
Article 26 Hazardous chemicals submitted by the public shall be received by the public security department. Hazardous chemicals received by the public security department and hazardous chemicals seized by other relevant departments shall be handed over to professional units recognized by the environmental protection department for processing.
[Editor] Chapter 3 Business of Hazardous Chemicals
Article 27 The state implements a licensing system for the business and sale of hazardous chemicals. Without permission, no unit or individual may operate or sell hazardous chemicals.
Article 28 Hazardous chemicals operating enterprises must meet the following conditions:
(1) The business premises and storage facilities comply with national standards;
( 2) Supervisors and business personnel have received professional training and obtained qualifications;
(3) Have a sound safety management system;
(4) Comply with laws, regulations and national regulations Other conditions required by the standard.
Article 29 Those who deal in highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals shall report to the people’s economic and trade management department of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government or the people’s government of the districted city level. The department responsible for the comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals submits an application and attaches relevant supporting materials that meet the conditions specified in Article 28 of these Regulations. After receiving the application, the economic and trade management department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government or the people's government of the districted city-level people's government responsible for the comprehensive safety supervision and management of hazardous chemicals shall, in accordance with the provisions of these regulations, evaluate the information submitted by the applicant. Certification materials and business premises will be reviewed. After review, if the conditions are met, a hazardous chemicals business license will be issued, and the issuance of the hazardous chemicals business license will be notified to the public security department and environmental protection department at the same level; if the conditions are not met, the applicant will be notified in writing and the reasons will be explained.
The applicant shall go through the registration procedures with the industrial and commercial administration department with the hazardous chemicals business license.
Article 30 When dealing in hazardous chemicals, the following acts shall not be carried out:
(1) Purchasing from an enterprise that has never obtained a hazardous chemicals production license or hazardous chemicals business license Hazardous chemicals;
(2) Dealing in hazardous chemicals expressly prohibited by the state and rodenticides produced with highly toxic chemicals, as well as other chemical products and daily chemicals that may enter people's daily lives;< /p>
(3) Selling hazardous chemicals without chemical safety data sheets and chemical safety labels.
Article 31 Hazardous chemicals production enterprises shall not sell hazardous chemicals to units or individuals that have not obtained a hazardous chemicals business license.
Article 32 Hazardous chemicals operating enterprises shall comply with the relevant provisions of Chapter 2 of these Regulations when storing hazardous chemicals. Only hazardous chemicals in small packages for civilian use can be stored in hazardous chemical stores, and the total amount must not exceed the *** prescribed by the state.
Article 33: When a highly toxic chemical business enterprise sells highly toxic chemicals, it shall record the name and address of the purchasing unit, the name and ID number of the purchaser, and the name of the purchased highly toxic chemicals. , quantity, use. Records should be kept for at least 1 year.
Enterprises operating highly toxic chemicals should check the sales of highly toxic chemicals every day; if they discover theft, loss, mis-sale, etc., they must immediately report to the local public security department.
Article 34 When purchasing highly toxic chemicals, the following provisions shall be observed:
(1) Production, scientific research, medical and other units that frequently use highly toxic chemicals shall report to The public security department of the people's police at the districted municipal level applies for a purchase voucher and purchases with the purchase voucher;
(2) If a unit needs to purchase highly toxic chemicals temporarily, it must present a certificate issued by the unit (note Please apply for a purchase permit from the public security department of the People’s Government of the districted city level and purchase with the purchase permit;
(3) Individuals are not allowed to purchase pesticides, rodenticides, Highly toxic chemicals other than pesticides.
Highly toxic chemical production enterprises and operating enterprises shall not sell highly toxic chemicals to individuals or units without purchase vouchers or purchase permits. Purchase vouchers and purchase permits for highly toxic chemicals may not be forged, altered, bought, sold, lent or transferred in other ways, and invalidated purchase vouchers and purchase permits for highly toxic chemicals must not be used.
The format and specific application methods for purchase vouchers and purchase permits for highly toxic chemicals shall be formulated by the public security department of the State Council. Is the fuel oil used on ships a hazardous chemical? Is it on the list of hazardous chemicals?
It is not a hazardous chemical but a flammable liquid. What are the safety precautions for hazardous chemicals loading and unloading trucks
1. Procedures for entering and exiting the factory
Security personnel should strictly handle the procedures for entering and exiting the factory, and all external vehicles must Registration, the registration form must be filled out clearly and in detail, and the type of goods and the time of entry and exit from the factory must be carefully recorded. Vehicles carrying pyrotechnics, flammable and explosive materials are strictly prohibited from entering the factory area. Vehicles entering and exiting must be signed by our company's escort before being released.
2. Weighing of heavy trucks
After receiving the notice of weighing, the unloading personnel will weigh the vehicles that need to be unloaded and strictly abide by the duties of the weighing personnel to ensure the interests of the company. No loss. When inspecting the scale, carefully check whether the unloading ticket matches the vehicle to ensure the quality of the unloading product. After the heavy vehicle is weighed, the principle of "whoever supervises the weighing is responsible" should be followed and the vehicle should be tracked and unloaded immediately.
3. Inspection contents of vehicles transporting hazardous chemicals
1. Before loading and unloading the truck, the inside of the tanker must be inspected and there should be no ungrounded floating objects.
2. Loading pipelines and tank trucks must be jumpered and grounded.
3. When using top loading, the loading device should be 200mm deep into the bottom of the tank.
4. It is prohibited to use tank trucks without baffles to transport light oil products.
5. After completion, let it sit for no less than 5 minutes before sampling, measuring temperature, measuring rulers, removing grounding wires, etc.
6. Tank trucks should not be reloaded without cleaning.
7. Motor vehicle exhaust pipes must be equipped with effective heat insulation and spark extinguishing devices, and the circuit system should have devices to cut off the main power supply and isolate sparks;
8. Vehicles A signal flag with the words "Dangerous Goods" in black letters on a yellow background must be hung in front of the left side.
9. According to the nature of the dangerous goods loaded, be equipped with corresponding fire-fighting equipment and equipment for strapping, waterproofing, and preventing loss.
4. Safety requirements before loading and unloading trucks
1. Personnel engaged in loading and unloading dangerous goods must understand the chemical and physical properties and emergency measures of the dangerous goods being loaded.
2. Labor protection equipment must be used correctly during loading and unloading operations.
3. When entering the loading and unloading operation area, you are not allowed to carry fire with you. When loading and unloading flammable and explosive dangerous goods, you are not allowed to wear work shoes with iron nails or work clothes that can easily generate static electricity.
4. The covering, bundling, moisture-proof and other tools carried with you must be complete and effective.
5. Equipped with special labor protection supplies and equipment, kept by dedicated personnel, regularly inspected, and kept in good condition.
6. Direct contact with items is strictly prohibited, and eating and drinking in production and use sites is strictly prohibited.
7. Wear labor protection equipment correctly. After work, you must change your work clothes and wash them before leaving the workplace.
8. Places with toxic substances should have a certain number of emergency antidote drugs. What are the safety precautions when transporting hazardous chemicals?
1. Personnel loading, unloading and transporting hazardous chemicals should wear corresponding protective equipment according to the different properties of the hazardous chemicals being transported. Handle them with care during loading and unloading. Dropping, heavy pressure and friction are strictly prohibited, and no damage is allowed. When packaging containers, pay attention to standard and secure packaging.
2. When loading and unloading dangerous goods, the ship (vehicle) transport tools must be ventilated and cleaned as necessary, and no residue should be left. The transport tools of highly toxic goods must be cleaned after unloading.
3. Consignment of hazardous chemicals must present relevant certificates and go through the formalities with designated railway, highway, shipping and other departments. The consigned items must match the product names listed on the consignment note. For dangerous goods listed in the national product name list, a technical appraisal certificate reviewed and approved by the superior authority should be attached.
4. To transport explosive, highly toxic, radioactive, flammable liquids, flammable gases and other items, transportation vehicles that meet safety requirements must be used. It is prohibited to use battery trucks, dump trucks, forklifts, forklifts, straight trucks, etc. to transport explosives.
5. When transporting oxidants, explosives and first-class flammable liquids packaged by Tietong, reliable safety measures are not taken, and iron floor trucks and car pull trucks are not allowed to be transported; in areas with higher temperatures, transportation When handling flammable and explosive liquids and gases, take sun protection measures.
Special transport vehicles and lifts must be used to transport radioactive items, and the load of loading and unloading machinery must also be reduced by 25% according to regulations; for flammable and toxic items in contact with water, small wooden boats, small motor boats, and cement are prohibited Ship transportation.
When transporting flammable, explosive, highly toxic and radioactive items, special personnel should be designated to escort them, no less than two people; vehicles transporting items must maintain a stable speed and distance, and overtaking, speeding and forcible transportation are strictly prohibited Can drive. The driving route for transporting dangerous goods must be a route and time approved and designated by the local public security department in advance. Driving and staying on busy streets are not allowed.
Vehicles transporting hazardous chemicals must be dedicated and clearly marked, and must comply with the relevant regulations of the traffic management department on vehicles: the vehicle floor must be flat and intact, and the surrounding railings must be firm; motor vehicle exhaust pipes A flame arrester should be installed, and the circuit system should have a device to cut off the main power supply and isolate sparks; the vehicle must hang the prescribed signs and lights in accordance with national standards; and be equipped with appropriate fire-fighting equipment according to the nature of loading and unloading hazardous chemicals.
Irrelevant persons are prohibited from boarding vehicles, ships and other means of transportation that transport hazardous chemicals.
Dangerous chemicals that require a certificate to transport explosives should have an "Explosives Transport Certificate" or "Hazardous Chemicals Transport Certificate" issued by the local, county or municipal public security department.
Vehicles and ships transporting hazardous chemicals must have fire safety measures.
The flash point of flammable products is below 28 degrees and should be transported at night when the temperature is higher than 28 degrees. Hazardous chemicals whose properties or fire-fighting methods conflict with each other and when their assembly numbers or categories are different cannot be mixed in the same vehicle or vessel.
The packaging of hazardous chemicals should comply with the provisions of the "General Technical Conditions for Transport Packaging of Dangerous Goods".
Shipping containers, large gas cylinders, movable filling tanks and other vehicles must be equipped with effective fastening devices.
Transport of hazardous chemicals by railway or air shall comply with the relevant regulations of the railway and civil aviation departments of the State Council.