1. Classification. Recycling of used batteries smashed, stripped of zinc shell and battery bottom iron, take out the copper cap and graphite rods, the remaining black matter is a mixture of manganese dioxide and ammonium chloride as a battery core, the above substances were collected and processed after the collection of processing, you can get some useful substances. Its graphite rods are washed and dried and then used as electrodes.
2. Make zinc pellets. Stripped of zinc shells after washing in the cast iron pot, heating and melting and insulation for 2 hours, remove the upper layer of slag, pour out and cool, drop on the iron plate, to be solidified that is, zinc particles.
3. Recovery of copper. The copper cap spreading after washing with hot water, and then add a certain amount of 10% sulfuric acid boiled for 30 minutes to remove the surface oxidation layer, fish out and wash, drying that is the copper sheet.
4. Recovery of ammonium chloride. The black material into the cylinder, add 60oC of warm water stirring for 1 hour, so that all the ammonium chloride dissolved in water, static, filtration, washing slag 2 times, collect the mother liquor; in the mother liquor vacuum distillation to the surface of the white crystal film appeared until the cooling, filtration of ammonium chloride crystals, mother liquor recycling.
5. Recycling of manganese dioxide. The filtered slag will be washed 3 times, filtered, the filter cake is placed in the pot to steam dry to remove a little carbon and other organic matter, and then put into the water and stirred thoroughly for 30 minutes, filtering, the filter cake at 100-110oC drying, that is, the black manganese dioxide.
Waste battery hazards: (1) on the environment, a small button battery can pollute 600 cubic meters of water, equivalent to a person's lifetime of drinking water; a dry cell can pollute 12 cubic meters of water, a cubic meter of soil, and cause permanent public nuisance ...... (2) on human beings: the ordinary dry cell batteries that we use in our daily life. There are mainly two types of acidic zinc-manganese batteries and alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, which contain mercury, manganese, cadmium, lead, zinc and other heavy metal substances. After the waste batteries are discarded, the shell of the batteries will slowly corrode, and the heavy metal substances in them will gradually seep into the water and soil, causing pollution. The most important feature of heavy metal pollution is that it cannot be degraded in nature and can only migrate. That is to say, once the water or soil is polluted, the water or soil can not lead its own purification effect will be eliminated, but also in the heavy metals are easy to accumulate in the organism, so with the passage of time, and amicable to a certain amount of time, after the production of teratogenic or mutagenic effects, and ultimately lead to the death of organisms. Heavy metals on the human body to produce harm another way is through the food chain transmission. Fish, shrimp eat plankton containing heavy metals, heavy metals in the fish, shrimp body accumulation, people then eat such fish, shrimp, heavy metals will accumulate in the human body, after reaching a certain amount, will have a serious impact on the human body. In addition to the Minamata disease caused by mercury pollution, there are other: excessive accumulation of manganese in the body can cause neurological dysfunction, the early manifestation of comprehensive functional disorders, the more serious appear monotonous speech, dull expression, feelings of indifference, accompanied by mental symptoms. Long-term consumption of cadmium-contaminated water and food can lead to bone pain disease, cadmium into the body, causing bone softening bone deformation, serious natural fractures, resulting in death. Zinc salts can make protein precipitation, skin and mucous membranes have an irritating effect, when the concentration in the water more than 10-50 mg / liter into the risk of cancer, can cause chemical pneumonia. Lead mainly acts in the nervous system, hematopoietic system, digestive system, and liver, kidney and other organs, can inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of hemoglobin, but also can directly act on mature red blood cells, infants, young children a lot, it will lead to children's physical development is delayed, chronic lead in the vein of children with mental retardation. Nickel powder dissolved in the blood, to participate in the internal circulation, has a strong toxicity, can damage the central nervous system, cause vascular degeneration, serious cases lead to cancer. The current situation of waste battery recycling: Although 8-year-old elementary school students in Beijing have begun to know that waste batteries can not be thrown away. They will use their little hands to throw a section of old batteries into the special recycling box. The act of sorting and recycling used batteries is spreading in shopping malls and offices in Beijing, and a new battery recycling box will now be added next to the previous garbage cans. The number of used batteries collected is increasing rapidly, and Beijing has already collected nearly 100 tons of used batteries in the first half of this year. But these batteries are in an awkward situation, piling up without proper disposal. Currently, Beijing's used batteries are eventually transported to the Beijing Useful Waste Recycling Center. The center is a subsidiary of the Beijing Municipal Management Committee and is responsible for recycling and transferring waste. The recycling center is also worried about the destination of used batteries. Lu Jianguo, head of the business section, said that the recycling center began to recycle waste batteries in Beijing in April 1998, and the amount of recycling that year was 7 tons, last year's recycling amounted to nearly 40 tons, and so far **** collection of more than 100 tons. Most of these waste batteries are still piled up in the recycling center of the container, the future collection of waste batteries can only be stored here waiting to be processed, because there is no specialized battery treatment plant for their scientific and harmless recovery. Anxious for the waste battery is not only a Beijing, the collection of waste batteries around the country are experiencing problems in the region. Recently, the Shanghai Municipal authorities jointly held a special meeting on waste battery pollution prevention and control, experts actively contribute to the problem. But the last feasible program is still only has been recycled waste batteries properly stored, waiting for the city's hazardous waste landfill site is completed and then safely landfilled. Nanning City, Guangxi Province, to carry out "environmental protection action into the family" series of activities, has collected a considerable number of waste batteries. In order to recycle the batteries, Nanning Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau solicited waste battery treatment technology through the Internet. Two months have passed and no exciting news has been heard. A self-employed person in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, understood the harm of dry batteries to the environment and collected more than 20 tons of waste batteries at her own expense. A few days ago she published an open letter in the China Environment News, spitting out the bitter water, they can not find a final destination for these 20 tons of waste batteries will not pollute the environment. Calm down from the enthusiasm for environmental protection people suddenly realized that the treatment of waste batteries is even more difficult than recycling! Recycling methods: laboratory recycling methods: ordinary dry cell batteries are cylindrical, the outer cylinder made of zinc, this zinc cylinder that is the negative pole of the battery; cylinder central charcoal stick for the positive pole; cylinder for manganese dioxide, ammonium chloride and zinc chloride. The following two types of waste dry-cell battery material recycling methods: (1) extraction of ammonium chloride: the black material in the battery in water stirring and filtration, part of the filtrate in the evaporation dish evaporation, white solid, and then heated, the use of "sublimation" to collect the purer ammonium chloride. (2) the production of zinc particles: the zinc cylinder on the zinc sheet cut into pieces, placed in a crucible strong heat (zinc melting point of 419 degrees), after melting, carefully pour the zinc page into the cold water, get zinc particles. Industrial recycling methods: Internationally accepted waste battery disposal methods are roughly three kinds: curing buried, stored in the waste mine, recycling. 1. curing buried, stored in the waste mine such as a factory in France to extract nickel and cadmium, and then nickel for steelmaking, cadmium is re-used in the production of batteries. The rest of the various types of waste batteries are generally transported to specialized toxic and hazardous landfills, but this practice is not only too costly and wasteful, because there are still a lot of useful substances that can be used as raw materials. 2. Recycling (1) heat treatment Switzerland has two specialized processing and use of old batteries factory, Bartlek company to take the method is the old battery grinding, and then sent to the furnace heating, which can be extracted volatile mercury, higher temperature zinc is also evaporated, it is also a precious metal. Iron and manganese are fused together to make a manganese-iron alloy for steelmaking. The plant can process 2,000 tons of waste batteries a year, obtaining 780 tons of ferromanganese alloy, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. Another plant extracts iron directly from the batteries and sells a mixture of metals such as manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide directly as metal scrap. However, the thermal treatment method is more costly, and Switzerland also provides for a small fee to be charged to each battery buyer for the exclusive use of waste batteries for processing. (2) "Wet Processing" A "wet processing" plant is being built in the suburbs of Magdeburg, where all types of batteries except lead batteries are dissolved in sulfuric acid, and then various metals are extracted from the solution with the help of ionic resins, and the raw materials obtained in this way are purer than those obtained by thermal processing. The raw materials obtained in this way are purer than the thermal treatment method, so they are sold at a higher price in the market, and 95% of the various substances contained in the battery can be extracted. Wet processing eliminates the need for sorting (which is a manual process that increases costs). Magdeburg this set of devices annual processing capacity of up to 7500 tons, its cost is slightly higher than the landfill method, but the valuable raw materials will not be discarded, and will not pollute the environment. (3) vacuum heat treatment method Germany Alter developed the vacuum heat treatment method is also cheap, but this first need to sort out the nickel-cadmium batteries in the waste batteries, waste batteries heated in a vacuum, in which the mercury quickly evaporated, can be recycled, and then the remaining raw materials grinding, with magnets to extract metallic iron, and then from the remaining powder to extract nickel and manganese. The cost of this processing of one ton of waste batteries is less than DM 1,500. Prospect: IV. Prospect Nowadays, people's awareness of environmental protection has been greatly improved, for example, Beijing, Shanghai and other cities have been placed in a special bucket for waste batteries to put in. It is believed that in the near future, the problem of waste battery recycling will certainly be well solved. III. Waste battery recycling technology (please refer to) 1, UPS and large-capacity maintenance-free lead-acid battery regeneration and protection of supplemental liquid 2, in addition to chemical lead-acid batteries 3, the treatment of metal-containing waste 4, from the waste battery to remove and recycle the method of mercury 5, from the waste of zinc and manganese dioxide in the extraction of dry batteries, 6, from the waste of lithium batteries in the recovery of anode materials, 7, from the waste of lithium-ion batteries in the metal recovery method 8, from the waste of zinc and manganese dioxide in the extraction of zinc and manganese dioxide, 7, from the waste of lithium-ion battery metal recovery Method 8, method of extracting manganese dioxide and zinc from waste zinc-manganese dry cell batteries 9, method and equipment for obtaining enriched substances from waste batteries 10, method and equipment for separating batteries, button batteries, and metals from garbage 11, method for recovering metals from used nickel-metal hydride batteries 12, method for recovering metals from used nickel-metal hydride batteries 2 13, reuse of secondary batteries Method 14, waste battery treatment device 15, harmless biological pre-treatment of waste batteries 16, comprehensive utilization of waste batteries 17, recycling method of waste dry batteries 18, harmless recycling process of waste dry batteries 19, waste battery treatment method 20, waste battery recycling and treatment machine 21, waste battery recycling and decomposition head 22, vacuum distillation device for recycling of waste batteries 23, lead recycling of waste batteries Method 24, waste battery pyrolysis gasification incineration treatment equipment and its processing method 25, comprehensive utilization of waste batteries treatment process 26, alkaline leaching of waste dry batteries 27, waste dry battery recycling and treatment device 28, waste cell phone batteries comprehensive recycling and treatment process 29, waste battery lead clean recycling method 30, waste battery lead clean recycling technology 31, waste lead-acid batteries to produce recycled lead, Red Dan and lead nitrate 32, waste lead batteries recycling lead technology 33, waste lead battery sludge reduction and conversion method 34, waste lead battery melting regeneration furnace 35, waste battery lead-containing materials reflector continuous melting 36, waste battery lead-containing materials reflector continuous melting method 37, cadmium-nickel battery waste slag waste liquid management and utilization 38, mercury-containing waste batteries comprehensive recycling method 39, chemical power supply Battery raw materials and recycling technology 40, method of recycling batteries, especially dry batteries 41, methods and equipment for recycling components of sealed batteries 42, metal-air battery waste recycling device 43, leaching method for recycling dry batteries 44, purification treatment of waste batteries or mercury-containing sludge compositions and their treatment methods 45, garbage waste batteries and heavy metal sorting device 46, lithium battery industrial exhaust gas Recovery process of N-methyl pyrrolidone in the treatment 47, lithium-ion secondary battery positive edge and residue recovery method 48, nickel-cadmium waste batteries comprehensive recycling method 49, nickel-metal hydride secondary batteries positive and negative electrode residue recycling method 50, lead-acid battery regeneration source and production method 51, lead-acid battery failure of regeneration technology 52, removal of sulfate in the plate of the waste lead batteries 53, the failure of Nickel-metal hydride secondary battery negative alloy powder regeneration method 54, cement clinker calcination treatment of waste dry batteries technology method 55, battery waste pole plate regeneration polysexual agent and treatment process 56, battery desulfurizer regeneration method 57, a method of recovering lead from waste batteries 58, a crushing device for waste dry batteries 59, a regeneration method for battery desulfurizer 60, waste batteries as raw material to produce Sewage treatment agent method 61, waste battery sludge production method of active lead powder 62, lithium recovery method from waste lithium-ion batteries separated from the ion sieve 63, devices and methods for nickel and cadmium recovery 64, the recovery of lead from waste batteries by electrolytic reduction in neutral media method 65, the recovery of manganese sulfate from waste zinc manganese dry batteries, manganese dioxide, graphite, graphite electrodes and its special equipment theory