1. The five-character classic for equipment inspection is: listen, touch, check, see, and smell
2. The five certainties in lubrication management: fixed point, qualitative, quantitative, and regular , fixed person; three filtration: lead the oil barrel to the oil storage barrel, from the oil storage barrel to the oil can, and from the oil can to the lubrication part.
3. The four understandings in equipment management: understanding the principle, the structure, the performance, and the process flow; the three skills: being able to operate, be able to maintain, and be able to troubleshoot.
5. What are the reasonable maintenance procedures for pressure vessels? Keep the pressure vessel anti-corrosion intact to prevent it from being corroded by the medium and the atmosphere. The safety accessories must be calibrated according to regulations and kept complete, sensitive and accurate. The fixings must be complete and reliable, and the phenomena of running, popping, dripping and leaking must be eliminated in a timely manner to reduce and eliminate the problems of the container. vibration phenomenon.
6. The functions of lubricants: cooling, washing, sealing, rust prevention, vibration reduction, transmission, and lubrication.
7. Talk about your meaning and understanding of controlling leakage and leakage: it affects the appearance of the factory, harms production, and affects the acceptance of leak-free factories. Chemical production is flammable, explosive, and easy to poison. If Leaking everywhere will endanger people's health, cause unnecessary losses in production, and even cause casualties to employees or cause serious consequences.
8. Common faults and causes of rolling bearings are: 1. Bearing heating: (1) Insufficient lubricating oil supply or incorrect selection (2) Intrusion of debris (3) Incorrect installation; 2. Sound Abnormal: (1) The bearing raceway is peeled off or damaged (2) The bracket is scattered (3) The bearing is seriously short of oil (4) The raceway and steel balls are pitted; 3. The transmission is inflexible: (1) Bearing accessories such as The seal is loose or rubbed (2) The bearing is stuck with oil or dirt (3) The inner and outer rings of the bearing and the bearing box do not fit too loosely or too tightly.
9. The main reasons for the centrifugal pump not pumping liquid are: (1) The medium temperature is too high, causing cavitation (2) The suction port is blocked (3) The body and seals are leaking (4) The impeller nut Loose, the impeller and shaft keys are worn, and the keys do not work (5) The impeller blades are severely washed away (6) The motor is reversed (7) The pump is evacuated (8) The pump air is not removed and a vacuum cannot be formed, etc.
10. Describe the working principle of the gear oil pump: when the pump is started, the driving wheel drives the driven gear, and the driven gear rotates in the opposite direction. There is good meshing between the gears. The two gears The teeth of the pump scrape away some of the oil at the inlet, thus forming a low-pressure suction liquid. The liquid entering the pump body is divided into two paths. It is pushed forward by the gear in the gap between the gear and the pump casing, and is forced to the oil drain port to form a high pressure and drain the liquid. .
11. What are the main equipment of the blowing air recovery boiler: combustion furnace, steam superheater, boiler body, second air preheater, soft water heater, first air preheater, induced draft fan, and blower .
12. Reasons for the grate machine to slip: (1) The push bearing is broken and the brake pads are severely worn (2) The grate machine is seriously short of oil and all parts are severely worn (3) The stove is scarred and the ash pan is Shift; (4) The chain is too long and the sprocket is severely worn (5) The pagoda spring is not pressed tightly, etc.
13. Reasons for oil pressure fluctuations: (1) The oil temperature is too high and the seasonal oil type is wrong (2) The oil pump is severely worn (3) The relief valve is severely worn (4) The cylinder seal is broken, Oil leakage (5) The solenoid valve is severely worn, oil leakage (6) The oil is dirty and water has entered the oil (7) The energy storage device is short of pressure (8) The oil pump has low power and the flow rate cannot be reached (9) The system is installed with less energy storage (10) System oil leaks (11) System cylinders are unevenly matched (12) Dirty filter, poor liquid suction capacity, etc.
14. Reasons for the loud noise of the Roots blower: (1) High outlet pressure and heavy load (2) Motor component failure (3) Severe tar adhesion in the fan (4) Lack of oil (5) Water has entered the fan (6) The bearings are seriously worn and the gear meshing is not good (7) The bolts of some components are loose (8) The short-circuit valve is not closed properly, etc.
16. The structure of our factory's gas-making hydraulic valve includes valve body, valve cover, valve plate, valve stem, upper and lower valves, packing gland, herringbone, connecting rod and oil cylinder, etc. Reasons for failure to rise and fall: ① The oil pressure is too low and unstable; ② The internal parts of the valve fall off or get stuck; ③ The gland is too tight; ④ The hydraulic valve is seriously worn; ⑤ The cylinder seal is bad; ⑥ The valve stem is lack of oil and is not well lubricated; ⑦ The valve body is not installed correctly, the cylinder and the hydraulic valve are not vertical or concentric, etc.
17. What types of gas-making hydraulic oil are used in winter and summer? Use 46#-68# anti-wear hydraulic oil in winter and 68#-100# anti-wear hydraulic oil in summer.
18. What are the requirements when installing operating equipment?
One level, two upright, and three reviews. The concentricity of high-speed equipment is ±0.06mm and the concentricity of general equipment is ±0.12mm.
19. Bearings are often divided into two categories: rolling and sliding.
20. The components of a solenoid valve: valve body, wire package, valve core, front and rear glands, front and rear gaskets, spring, wire package barrel, front and rear valve core guide shafts and other components.
21. The electric hoist is composed of: lifting motor distribution box, drum, connecting shaft rigid coupling, gearbox assembly, running trolley assembly, traveling motor, etc.
22. Reasons for electric hoist slippage: 1. Loose motor brakes, motor spline wear, connecting shaft and spline wear, spline length discomfort, severe wear of gearbox parts and other reasons can cause electric hoist to slip. The hoist slips when lifting.
23. Roots blower maintenance procedures: ① Frequently check whether there is lubricating oil in the lubricating part and whether the oil level in the oil tank meets the elevation ② Frequently check the temperature of each part, the bearing temperature cannot be higher than 80°C, and the transmission gear temperature Not higher than 60℃; ③ After the machine is overhauled and used for 48 hours, all the oil in the oil tank should be replaced with the specified lubricating oil. In the future, the oil should be changed every 500 hours of operation. ④ After stopping the gas transmission, steam should be used to flush coal tar and debris to prevent them from adhering to the rotor and thus destroying the balance. ⑤ During operation, pay attention to whether there are abnormal friction and impact sounds from the fan. Failures that occur during operation must be handled correctly. It is strictly forbidden to operate the machine in a sick state.
24. Common problems with high-angle belts and flat leather belts: A common fault of both belts is severe belt deviation and wear. High-angle belts are adjusted by guide rollers and elastic drawings in conjunction with each other. Flat belts are When adjusting the wire drawing of the rear roller, the left side is usually loosened to the left side, and the right side is loosened to the right side. It should be fine adjustment but not large adjustment. After adjustment, you should observe and wait until the belt is running normally before leaving. In addition, damaged bearings and roller bearings can cause the belt to not work properly. Charter personnel must frequently check, discover, and deal with problems to ensure normal operation.
25. In the requirements of a "leak-free factory", the integrity rate of main equipment is 95, the integrity rate of all equipment is 90, the leakage rate of static sealing points is less than 0.5‰, and the leakage rate of dynamic sealing points is less than 2‰. There should be no obvious deviation.
26. Equipment wear is divided into: visible wear and invisible wear
27. Five combinations in comprehensive equipment management: combination of design, manufacturing and use, maintenance and planned maintenance. Combination, repair, transformation and updating, professional management and technical management.
28. The main functions of lubricants: In addition to lubrication, they also have cooling, washing, sealing, anti-rust, shock-absorbing, and transmission functions.
29. A rolling bearing model 3616 has an inner diameter of 80mm.
30. A valve model J11H-16-25 has a diameter of 25mm and a working pressure of 1.6Mpa.
31. Technical specifications of the main equipment of our factory: the steam output of the 100,000-ton line boiler is 35 tons/hour, the air pumping capacity of the H12 compressor is 57m3/min, and the air pumping capacity of the M180/54 compressor is 180M3/min. , the diameter of the carbonization tower is 2600mm, and the voltage before entering the substation is 35000V.
32. The main components of a centrifugal pump: pump body, pump shaft, impeller, pump end cover, and bearings.
33. When the fitter taps an M10×1.5 thread on the casting, a φ8.5mm drill bit should be used.
34. Why do we need to leave gaps in the lubricating parts of operating equipment? What impact does a gap that is too large or too small have on the equipment?
Answer: Because the sliding friction parts are affected by physical and chemical changes, if no clearance is left, the moving parts will be damaged or unable to move, making the equipment unable to produce normally. If the clearance is too large, sound and vibration will occur. A small amount of wear and tear may cause the lubrication system to fail to operate normally, which will reduce the life of the equipment or affect production, causing undue losses.
35. When entering the container for maintenance, please pay attention to: you must apply for a certificate and get approval, you must carry out safety isolation and cut off the power supply, and use safety lamps, replace ventilation, conduct safety analysis according to time requirements, and wear regulations A protective mask must be worn, and someone must monitor it outside the device and stick to the post. Rescue back-up measures must be in place.
36. Non-ferrous metals and their alloys include: copper and copper alloys: copper, brass, bronze, aluminum and aluminum alloys, nickel and nickel alloys, lead and lead alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, bearing alloys
37. Types of transmission: flat belt transmission, V-belt transmission, chain transmission, gear transmission, worm turbine transmission, and rack and pinion transmission.
38. Containers are divided into reaction vessels, heat exchange vessels, separation vessels, and storage and transportation containers according to the process principle.
39. The filter should comply with the regulations: turbine oil, The first-level filtration of refrigeration oil and compressor oil and mechanical oil is 60 mesh, the second-level filtration is 80 mesh, and the third-level filtration is 100 mesh. The first-level filtration of cylinder oil and gear oil is 40 mesh, the second-level filtration is 60 mesh, and the third-level filtration is 80 mesh. , special oil products shall be subject to special regulations.
40. Advantages of gear transmission: gear transmission transmits rotation accurately and reliably, has compact structure, high efficiency, long life, and a large transmission speed range. Gear transmission can combine two objects at any angle within a certain distance. By linking the movement of the root shaft, the speed ratio during transmission can remain unchanged. By using different combinations of gears, the driven wheel can easily obtain a variety of different speeds and rotations under the condition that the driving wheel speed is constant.
41. Mechanical seal: Mechanical seal is the end seal. This kind of seal has reliable performance, small leakage, long service life, small power loss, and does not require regular maintenance. It can be used in high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, high vacuum, and various flammable, explosive, and corrosive mechanical equipment. of seal.
42. Valves commonly used in chemical pipelines: gate valves, globe valves, plug valves, ball valves, diaphragm valves, butterfly valves, plunger valves, and lining valves.
43. Valves can be divided according to medium pressure: low-pressure valves (pressure <16kgf/cm2), medium-pressure valves (pressure 16-64kgf/cm2), and high-pressure valves (pressure >100kgf/cm2).
44. The basic structure of a pressure vessel: cylinder, head, flange, support, nozzle, manhole, liquid level gauge and sight glass, etc. Common ones include horizontal storage and transportation containers, vertical storage containers, etc. Pressure vessel (column).
45. Chemical pipe fittings include: elbows, tees, reducers, unions, flange covers, blind plates, reducing tees, pipe caps, etc.
46. Common elbows are: 90°, 45°, 60°, and 180°. The multiples of elbows are generally 1 or 1.5DN times.
47. The materials used to make sealing gaskets include: special cardboard, rubber sheets, asbestos sheets, soft metal sheets, low carbon steel metal materials, polytetrafluoroethylene, expanded graphite and sealant liquid, etc.
48. The dynamic balance accuracy grade of general pump impellers, common motor rotors and fan impellers is G6.3.
49. Dynamic sealing standards: ① All types of reciprocating compressor crankcase covers are allowed to have micro-penetration, but they must be wiped clean frequently; ② All types of reciprocating compressor packings are not allowed to leak during the initial period of use. Micro leakage is allowed at the end of the period. For the packing status of toxic, flammable and explosive media, samples should be taken and analyzed within 300mm from the packing. The concentration of toxic gases does not exceed the specified range of toxic gases. Oil leakage is not allowed in the stuffing box and the piston rod should have an oil film; ③ Various oil injectors are allowed to have slight leakage, but they must be wiped clean frequently; ④ Gear pumps are allowed to have slight leakage, but they must be wiped clean frequently; ⑤ Bearings using oil rings in various transmission equipment are not allowed to leak oil, and oil-filled bearings are used Micro-leakage is allowed and should be wiped off randomly; ⑥ The water pump packing is allowed to leak no more than 20 drops per minute in the initial period (three months after the overhaul), and no more than 40 drops per minute in the final three months (before the planned overhaul); ⑦ Conveying The material medium filling shall not exceed 15 drops per minute; ⑧ All types of pumps using mechanical seals are not allowed to leak in the initial stage, and shall not exceed 5 drops per minute in the final stage.
50. Calculation method and acceptance criteria for static sealing: 1) Static sealing refers to the sealing between two coupling parts that have no relative movement during the movement of the equipment, its accessories and ancillary pipelines, such as Flanges on equipment pipelines, various valves, plugs, unions, oil marks on pumps, auxiliary pipelines, transformers of electrical equipment, oil switches, cable joints, instrument orifice plates, regulating valves, auxiliary leads and other equipment joint part.
51. The periodic inspection cycle for lifting machinery in use is two years.
53. Safety accessories for pressure-bearing special equipment include: safety valves, bursting discs, liquid level gauges, thermometers, and data acquisition and processing devices.
54. What are the categories of periodic inspection of pressure vessels? How is the inspection cycle defined?
There are three types: 1) external inspection, once a year; 2) internal inspection, at least once every 6 years for safety status levels 1 and 2, and at least once every three years for safety status level 3. ;3) Pressure resistance test, for fixed containers, the internal and external inspection shall be conducted at least once every two times; for mobile containers, at least once every six years.
55. Before installing special equipment, which department should be informed in writing?
Special equipment safety supervision and management departments of municipalities or cities divided into districts
56. The scope of pressure pipeline safety supervision is: 1) The maximum working pressure is greater than or equal to 0.1Mpa (gauge pressure ) gas, liquid, steam medium pipelines; 2) flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive liquid medium pipelines with a maximum working pressure higher than the standard boiling point; 3) pipelines with a nominal diameter greater than 25mm.
57. Major illegal acts of special equipment include: 1) Unlicensed design of special equipment; 2) Unlicensed use of special equipment; 3) Unlicensed installation, modification, and maintenance of special equipment; 4) Unlicensed operation of special equipment; 5) No regular inspection of special equipment.
58. Pressure-bearing equipment includes: boilers, pressure vessels, pressure pipelines
59. Pressure vessels are divided into four levels according to design pressure: 1) Low-pressure vessels 0.1≤P<1.6Mpa ; Medium pressure vessel 1.6 ≤ P < 10Mpa; high pressure vessel 10 ≤ P < 100Mpa; ultra-high pressure vessel P ≥ 100Mpa
60. The safety valve of the boiler in use should be calibrated at least once a year.
61. Users whose boilers and pressure vessels are to be out of service for more than one year should seal up the boilers and pressure vessels. Apply to the registration authority for suspension within 30 days of sealing, and return the registration certificate to the registration authority.
62. The scope of safety supervision of lifting machinery is: 1) lifts with a rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 0.5 tons; 2) lifts with a rated lifting capacity greater than or equal to 1 ton, but a lifting height greater than or equal to 2 meters Crane; 3) Electric hoist with fixed load-bearing form.
63. The conditions that pressure vessels should meet: 1) Maximum working pressure ≥ 0.1Mpa (excluding hydrostatic pressure); 2) Inner diameter D ≥ 0.15m and volume V ≥ 0.25m3; 3) Containing medium It is a gas, liquefied gas, or liquid with a maximum operating temperature higher than or equal to the boiling point
G, E, D, C, B.
B stands for advanced
105. How many series are rolling bearings divided into? What are their names and code names?
Can be divided into 9 series: 0000, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000.
0000: single row radial ball bearing 64, pipeline method Flange sealing surface name and code: According to the national standard, the flange sealing surface name and code are as follows:
Flat surface: FF
Convex surface: RF
Convex and concave surface: MF
Tongue and groove surface: TG
Ring connection surface: RJ
65. Starting of centrifugal pump: 1) Before starting the centrifugal pump, the pump should be filled with liquid , and crank the pump; 2) Before starting, the outlet valve should generally be closed (except for axial flow pumps and plug pumps) to make the flow rate zero, reduce the pump starting current, and minimize the starting power; 3) After starting, slowly open the outlet Valve to prevent cavitation when the liquid heats up
66. Main structural principles of water ring vacuum pump:
Main structure: pump body, impeller, shaft, bearing, side cover, bracket, etc.
Working principle: An eccentric impeller is installed in the circular casing of the vacuum pump. There are a number of radial blades around the impeller. A certain amount of water is injected before starting the pump. When the impeller reaches a certain speed, the water in the pump is forced by centrifugal force. Under the action, it is thrown around to form a water ring with a certain thickness. Since the impeller is eccentric, the volume of the air chamber formed between the water ring and the blades changes with the rotation of the impeller. When the impeller rotates, the air chamber expands to form a vacuum, and the gas is sucked in from the inlet. As the impeller rotates, the air chamber gradually shrinks. The gas is compressed and discharged from the outlet to realize the process of suction, compression and exhaust