Biography of Nikola Tesla, Scientist

Tesla (Nikola Tesla, 1856-1943) was born in Smiljan, Croatia, and later joined the American nationality. In his early years, he worked for Continental Edison in Paris, and was transferred to the Edison Electric Research Center in the United States to work with Thomas Edison (1847-1931)**** for his creative labor.　　He invented the alternator. Later, he founded the Tesla Electric Company, which was engaged in the production of alternators, electric motors, and transformers, and carried out research on high-frequency technology and invented the high-frequency generator and high-frequency transformer. 1893, he made an outstanding performance with alternating current at the World's Fair held in Chicago, and proved the advantages and safety of alternating current with the Tesla Coil that he had made. Tesla demonstrated the advantages and safety of alternating current with his "Tesla coil".　　In 1889, Tesla realized a high-voltage transmission experiment from Colorado Springs to New York in Columbia, USA. From then on, alternating current (AC) power began to enter the practical stage. Since then, he has also been engaged in the development of high-frequency electrothermal medical devices, radio broadcasting, microwave transmission of electrical energy, and television broadcasting.　　In recognition of his achievements in realizing 200 kV, overhead 57.6 m high-voltage power transmission as early as 1896 to 1899, and his contributions to making the famous Tesla coil and in the alternating current (AC) power system, the International Electrotechnical Association decided to use his name as the unit of magnetic susceptibility in his centennial anniversary (1956).　　In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of magnetic induction is the tesla [1], abbreviated as T, with the symbol T, which is the International System of Units derived unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic induction. When a 1 meter long wire perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field is passed through a current of 1 ampere and is subjected to a force of 1 newton from the magnetic field, the magnetic induction at the place where the energized wire is located is 1 tesla. The magnetic induction near a normal permanent magnet is about 0.4-0.7 Tesla, in the cores of motors and transformers it can be up to 0.8-1.4 Tesla, and strong currents through superconducting materials can be up to 1,000 Tesla, whereas the magnetic induction of the geomagnetic field near the ground is only about 0.5*10's -4th power Tesla.　　Birth and Death Born July 10, 1856 in Smithsonian, not far from Griswick; died January 7, 1943 at the New Yorker Inn, New York.　　Educational background Legend has it that the engineer attended elementary school in Smithsonian and Grspich, where he was born, and graduated from high school in Rakowac, Karlovac. In high school, Tesla loved to read, play cards and raise birds. And he kept birds for the rest of his life. When Nikola Tesla was six years old, he improved an old mill on the Wagnerz River near his home.　　After graduating from high school, Tesla had cholera for two years, after which, in 1875, against his parents' wishes that he become a priest, he enrolled in the Polytechnic Institute in Graz. 5 years later, he was accepted into the Technical Faculty of Charles University in Prague, but for financial reasons, he was working after a year, as a design engineer in Budapest. There he took part in the construction of a new telephone center and improved the equipment and sound quality of the telephones.　Tesla biography There is more information about Tesla than can be counted on international sites, with more influence than Einstein, creating a unique cultural phenomenon. You can compare the results of a google search for "tesla" and "Einsten". tesla has 4,480,000 relevant pages, Einsten only 228,000. But Tesla was a very controversial figure internationally, with a mixed reputation and even being labeled a pseudo-scientist.　　Tesla was one of the few experimental generalists at the turn of the last century, with patents in electromechanical engineering, radio engineering, fluid engineering, cryogenic engineering, geophysics, vacuum technology, aircraft technology, and more. All of Tesla's patents in various countries, including all of his unapproved patents and all of his various inventions with patent value, total more than 700***. Tesla was not only a scientist, dedicated to the unknown natural phenomena that he explored and grasped, but he was also an able craftsman, and some of his experimental achievements, such as the artificial creation of fireballs of lightning, cannot be imitated with the most advanced equipment that is used today. Tesla's most valuable achievements were the discovery of the principle of rotating magnetic fields, the invention of the multiphase AC power supply system and the AC induction motor. His most famous invention was the "Tesla Coil", a distributed-parameter, high-frequency *** vibration transformer that could obtain high-frequency voltages of millions of volts. He was one of the first scientists to make successful fluorescent lamps and to discover and study X-rays, and was the first to discover the ruby laser effect, as well as the point electron microscope effect. Tesla was also the originator of radio remote control, the first to implement the logic principle of the computer "and gate" using resonant circuits, the first to explain the principle of radar, the first to receive extraterrestrial radio pulses with his own highly sensitive receiver, the first to detect cosmic rays, and the inventor of a revolutionary blade-less turbine, among other things.　　　　ADDITIONAL ANSWER: The wiring and principles of the Tesla coil were very simple, but it was difficult to adjust it to vibrate perfectly with its environment***, and Tesla was the one who was particularly good at this craft. Tesla later invented the so-called "amplifying transmitter", now called the high-power high-frequency transmission line *** vibration transformer, for wireless power transmission experiments. Tesla's wireless power transmission technology is worth a question. Tesla took the earth as an inner conductor, the earth's ionosphere as an outer conductor, through his amplified transmitter, using this amplified transmitter unique radial electromagnetic wave oscillation mode, between the earth and the ionosphere to establish a low-frequency *** vibration of about 8 hertz, the use of the surface electromagnetic waves around the earth to transmit energy. This system is different from the energy transmitting mechanism of modern radio broadcasting, and similar to the relationship between AC generators and transmission lines in the AC power grid, when there is no power receiving end, the transmitter only exchanges reactive energy with the resonant cavities of the earth and sky, and there is only a small amount of active loss in the whole system, whereas in the case of normal radio broadcasting, the energy emitted is all lost in space. Tesla did not have the financial resources to realize this claim in his lifetime. Posterity has fully substantiated the theoretical feasibility of such a scheme, proving that it is not only feasible, but also extremely efficient, ecologically safe, and does not interfere with radio communications. It only involved worldwide energy broadcasting and free access to it, and no one actually asked for such a proposition under the current political and economic system.

Tesla had a difficult life, and his achievements were inextricably linked to his courage to take risks, to "be the first" and to follow through, even if it didn't work. He was engaged in extremely high voltage research is full of life-threatening, and often risked his life to carry out a variety of demonstrations. His best skill was to let millions of volts of high-frequency voltage pass through his body, showing the amazing discharge effect. In the course of his research, he received electric shocks, was exposed to large doses of X-rays, and felt the effects of magnetic storms on the consciousness of life while studying magnetic storm coils, the same intensity of which can cause nearby metal foil to evaporate into thin air. In his later years, he was hit by a cab, but as much as possible, he lived to the age of eighty-six and died alone in a hotel, unmarried for life, devoting his life to the cause of science. When he died, in addition to tons of documents and information, did not leave any property and last words, can be said to come and go unattached, very touching. After Tesla's death, his documents were immediately copied by the U.S. government, and were designated as top secret information, which was refused to be disclosed to the public for national security reasons.

The reason why Tesla was "delisted" in the history of science is that he opposed the theory of relativity and insisted on the traditional view of physics, which was incompatible with the flourishing atomic physics at that time, coupled with the fact that in his later years he lived in seclusion and was unrealistic and impractical, he was not very popular with the orthodox scientific groups, and he was even denounced as a fraud who was practicing charlatanism. He was not well received by the orthodox scientific community, and was even dismissed as a charlatan who practiced charlatanism, and his laboratory was depicted as an eerie medieval alchemist's place with a demonic aura. However, the main reason was that in order to realize his most ambitious ambition, to realize the global revolution of wireless transmission of electricity, he prepared to build the Wodenkliffe broadcasting tower, and then Marconi pre-empted the commercial success of radio, and thus Tesla's plan was dead in the water, and owed a debt to the investor, J.P. Morgan, who, with his economic and political tactics, ordered all the school textbooks in the U.S. to delete the name of Tesla, and thus has been influenced by the fact that he had not been able to get the name of Tesla out of all the school textbooks. Tesla's name, thus having an impact to this day. Later, in recognition of his practical contributions to the alternating current system, the International Electrotechnical Commission named the International System of Units for Magnetic Inductance as Tesla Tesla was particularly admired internationally, and with his versatile practical achievements, he set an example for posterity, with many people abroad still exploring his lost skills to this day. I think this is closely related to the good tendency in the West to emphasize practice. Tesla opposed orthodox theories, and always spoke in terms of ingenious experiments of his own design rather than empty talk about theories; thus, often his interpretation of the results of his own experiments was wrong, but for other scientists, there were often unexpected gains as a result. In today's "organized" society, it is hard to find another Tesla-type character. The high degree of organization in society eliminates the need to be a generalist in every field, and everyone can be successful without struggling or taking risks as long as he or she follows the rules, cooperates well with others, and plays a good role in his or her own small field. Organized modern man's have a hard time identifying with Tesla, and Tesla's modern admirers are mostly those who don't want to follow the rules. Nevertheless, under the discordant tone of "the end of science" within the Western orthodox scientific community, more and more Western scientists are realizing again that practice is the source of science, the bridge between man and nature, and that theory has become so far removed from nature's realities that it is difficult to make progress. So in the West, Tesla once had a claim more and more by the orthodox scientific community, Tesla's influence can be said to ripple into the future Supplementary answer: Tesla biography

1856 --- July 10th at midnight Tesla was born in the province of Lika (Austria), a Serbian clergyman in the Bay of Smyrna Family.

1875-1878 - Studied at the Graz Craft School.

1882 - While walking in a park in Budapest (capital of Hungary), Tesla discovered reversible magnetic fields.

1883 - In Strasbourg he was hired by Edison Continental to build the first model of an induction motor.

1884 - Traveled to the U.S. and began working in Edison's laboratory.

1885 - Leaves Edison to form his own company and begins producing polyphase AC motors and generators.

1888--May 16th made a presentation to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers entitled "Alternating Current Transmission and the Alternating Current Motor System".

1890 - He published results on the physiological effects of high-frequency electricity.

1891 - He made a report entitled "Experiments with very high frequency alternating current and its application to artificial wireless luminescence", and applied for a patent for a "star oscillator for *** vibration transmitters". Patent for "*** Star Oscillator for Vibration Transmitter".

1892 - came to London, the Royal Academy of Sciences made a report entitled "luminescence and other high-frequency phenomena", in the Institute of Electrical Engineers made a "high-voltage and high-frequency alternating current experiments "

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The first report was made in Paris.

1893 - Attracted public attention at the Chicago World's Fair. He passes a high-frequency current through his body and demonstrates a model of a reversible magnetic field, the so-called "Tesla's spinning iron egg".

1895--On May 13, Tesla's laboratory in New York City was destroyed by fire.

1897 - He registered 20 patents for inventions in the field of radio engineering.

1898 - Registered wireless control technology (experiments with remote-controlled automated dinghies in a lake in New York's Central Park were a great success.)

1899 - Niagara hydroelectric power plant completed.

1899-1900 - Experiments are conducted in Colorado Springs.

1901-1905 - Wardenclyffe Tower built on Long Island near New York.

1909-1922 - He registered only mechanical patents (pumps, flow meters, bladeless turbines).

1943 - Tesla died on January 7 at the New York Hotel. Additional answers: Comments Off on Genius forgotten by history - former Yugoslavian scientist Tesla

Nikola. Tesla (Nikola Tesal)

1856~1943 Former Yugoslavia

Tesla was a contemporary inventor of Edison, the unit of magnetic susceptibility is named after him, let's start from the battle between his invention of alternating current and Edison.

Because he admired Edison, Tesla was recommended by Batchelor to join Edison's company in the United States in 1884. Tesla and Edison were naturally incompatible, and there were serious differences between the two of them. Edison focused on practice, is a bit of experience in figuring out the invention of people; Tesla is the kind of people focus on theory, he thinks Edison's approach is very stupid, he believes that the experiment must have a theoretical basis for the foundation, rather than like Edison, light a filament made more than 1,000 kinds of attempts.

On one occasion, Tesla talked to Edison about several potential reform possibilities for the dynamo, and Edison scornfully said, "Pay you $50,000 if you can make it." Tesla spent several months experimenting with reforms to the generator, and after putting the reformed attachments into the generator, he was completely successful. When he asked Edison for $50,000, Edison replied, "Tesla, don't you know that we Americans love to joke?" Because Tesla's talents were so outstanding, he was repeatedly persecuted by Edison's ostracism and resigned from Edison's company in anger.

In 1880, Tesla invented the world's first alternating current generator. He was convinced that alternating current would one day make it possible to supply electricity more widely and at a lower cost. Edison, on the other hand, was too dismissive of the idea to give it serious consideration.

After leaving Edison, Tesla received support from George Westinghouse to finally bring alternating current into practical use.

In 1888, Tesla successfully built an alternating current power transmission system. He designed a generator that was simpler and more nimble than a DC generator, and his transformer solved the problems inherent in long-distance power delivery. This undoubtedly dealt a significant blow to the DC power that Edison had been promoting so vigorously (and which he was reluctant to undertake because of the considerable income Edison was earning at the time from the DC generator

Edison still realized that AC power could be made less costly, which was undoubtedly the case, and that attacking AC power from an economic point of view would inevitably end in failure. So he worked on other aspects of alternating current. He recognized that in the last part of the 19th century, the public was still fearful of electricity: while it could bring benefits to mankind, it could also kill. So publicizing the dangers of high voltage was the most effective way to stir the public mind.

So he issued a pamphlet titled "Beware," which detailed the supposed dangers of alternating current (AC) and described its use, incredibly, as "a waste of effort. Edison also attacked the use of alternating current in an article in the North American Weekly titled "The Danger of Electric Light". He said, "An electric light company with which I am in touch has some time ago purchased a patent for a whole system of alternating current. Against this I protested, the contents of which were noted in the company's memorandum. So far I have succeeded in persuading them not to promote such a system to the public, which they would not do today even if I had agreed to do so." In addition to overwhelming his opponents in public opinion, Edison built a huge laboratory to prove his argument, employing schoolchildren to go out into the streets and catch kittens, puppies, and other livestock for experiments, brutally electrocuting them under alternating current. He also alienated officials at the New York State Penitentiary and got them to promise to change hanging to electrocution, that is, to electrocution using the alternating current provided by Tesla's patents.On August 6, 1890, a murderer, William Kemmler, died in the alternating current chair at Auburn. Due to inexperience, the charge used by the authorities was so weak that the prisoner was only half electrocuted. According to media reports at the time, this horrific sight was much more gruesome than hanging. From then on, alternating current, which aroused fear in the minds of many, became synonymous with death.

However, alternating current proved to have many advantages, so Tesla was not deterred by Edison's barrage of attacks. In an effort to change the public's impression of alternating current, he hired Pittsburgh journalist E. H. Heinrichs as his press advisor. Under the arrangement of E. H. Heinrichs, Tesla used electric current through his body to light up electric lamps and even melted electric wires at the press conference of the Chicago Exposition in 1893, which made the journalists present astonished and dumbfounded one by one and achieved great publicity effect. This changed the public perception of alternating current, so that the world stepped into the era of alternating current.