Historical origins
Development prospects
In recent years , like the Hangzhou Qingfeng interior design training institutions and other high-end design training institutions continue to appear, interior designers have become a much-anticipated occupation, the rapid development of the decoration industry, the community for professional designers and professional and technical personnel demand is also increasing year by year, and the media as the The rapid development of the decoration industry, the social demand for professional designers and technical professionals is increasing year by year, and is known as one of the "golden gray-collar occupations" by the media. Because of China's interior design professionals training started late, in the face of the rapid development of the industry, the supply of talent a large gap, in 2005, the national interior design there is a gap of 400,000 talents.
With the development of society and the further improvement of the profession this situation will gradually improve, there will be the following trends:
1, interior design needs to return to the natural: with the growth of environmental protection awareness, people aspire to the natural, drink natural beverages, with natural materials, eager to live in a natural green environment. Highly nationalized, emphasizing only a high degree of modernization, although people have improved the quality of life, but also feel the loss of tradition, the loss of the past. Therefore, the development trend of modern interior design is to speak of modernization and tradition.
2, interior design needs to be the overall art: with the richness of social and material wealth, people demand from the "house of the pile" in the liberation, seeking a variety of objects between the existence of a unified whole of beauty. Interior design needs to be highly modernized: with the development of science and technology, interior designers should learn to use all modern technology to make interior design to achieve the best sound, light, color, shape matching effect, to achieve high speed, high efficiency, high functionality, to create an ideal worthy of people's admiration of the spatial environment.
3, interior design to high technology, high emotional: the international industrial advanced countries of interior design is to high technology, high emotional direction. So interior designers need to pay attention to both science and technology, but also emphasize the human touch, so as to achieve a combination of high technology and high emotion.
4, interior design for personalization: large industrialized production has left the same problem of uniformity in society. In order to break the homogenization, people pursue personalization. Convenient service: urban population concentration, in order to efficient, convenient, foreign countries attach great importance to the development of modern service facilities. Interior designers in the design process to emphasize more "people" as the main body to make consumers satisfied, convenient for the purpose. New materials are widely used: with the rapid development of new building materials, interior materials, the future of the home will become fantastic. Free division of space pattern. With the improvement of people's living standards, the area of housing will be large, the original small space housing will gradually be transformed and redecorated.
Survey results
Survey results show that the current interior designers engaged in the profession of personnel mainly from art design, graphic design and other professions to the profession, most designers did not go through the interior design system professional education and training, which led to the level of design, quality of the renovation of a variety of aspects of the issue of design, complaints about the design of the trend is on the rise. At the right time, the domestic real estate and construction decoration to be the start of the industry and high-speed development has brought a rare opportunity. Accelerated urbanization, residential prosperity, the further opening of the domestic and foreign markets, in the domestic economic development of a high-speed environment, infrastructure and real estate industry around the vibrant, booming. Design is the leader and soul of the decoration industry, the style and taste of interior decoration is determined by the design. According to the data of the relevant departments, the current national interior design talent gap has reached 400,000 people, domestic universities specializing in the delivery of talent graduates from both the quantity and quality are far from meeting the needs of the market. Decoration design industry has become one of the most promising sunrise industry, the next 20-50 years are in a high-speed upward stage, with the potential for sustainable development.
Research object
The object of interior design research is simply the study of the building's internal space envelope and contents. Usually accustomed to the interior design according to the following criteria for division:
Depth of design: interior program design, interior preliminary design, interior construction design.
By design content: interior design, indoor physical design (acoustic design, optical design), indoor equipment design (indoor water supply and drainage design, indoor heating, ventilation, air-conditioning design, electrical, communication design), indoor soft furnishings design (curtain design, accessories), indoor feng shui.
By the nature of the design space: residential building space design, public **** building space design, industrial building space design, agricultural building space design.
The most common categorization is public decoration (public **** building space design), home decoration (residential building space design).
Design process
How to design an ideal home in the face of their future new home, there will be a lot of design ideas in mind, not everyone can put their own ideas into practice, even if it is not easy to draw out the design of the brain, but do not dare to guarantee its rationality and feasibility.
So if you're not an architect, it's best to turn to a professional designer to help you create a design that's perfect for your new home. However, if you believe that you have the ability to conceptualize your own design, you can refer to the information provided below.
2, how to see the design drawings
How to see the floor plan of the residential building? Residential building plans, is an important basis for home buyers to understand the shape of the residential plane, orientation, orientation and residential interior rooms, stairs, walkways, doors, windows, fixtures and space location. People in the purchase or choice of housing often appear
Interior design
This situation, that is, want to buy the housing has not been completed, people only have to rely on the residential floor plans and elevations, sections, perspective drawings, performance drawings and residential models to understand the basic situation of the home. In addition, the floor plan of the residential building is the same on all floors, so it is possible to use one floor plan to show. For home buyers, residential building floor plans are very important and must be able to recognize and see.
Residential building plans are horizontal sections of residential buildings drawn to a certain scale. Residential building plans are generally more detailed, usually using a larger scale, such as 1:100, 1:50, and marked with the actual detailed dimensions, but there are small-scale residential floor plans and do not use special symbols to mark out the internal attached equipment, this map is for the design and construction of the construction staff to use. Some real estate development and sales enterprises in order to make home buyers more comprehensive understanding of the basic situation of residential, often in the plan also depicts the interior should be configured with the size of the furniture and the location of the space, and in some cases with the color to distinguish between the display, and the marking of the furniture, and there is no uniform symbols, but the painting method is more intuitive, easy for people to associate and identify. Note: the floor plan of the window opening method and the location of water, heating, gas risers are generally not indicated.
Basic Interior Design Perspectives
Modern interior design principles, from the creation of a modern function to meet the requirements of the spirit of the times, emphasizing the need to establish some of the following basic points of view:
One, interpersonal activities as the core
"For the service of the people, which is precisely the cornerstone of the social function of interior design. " The purpose of interior design is to serve people through the creation of indoor space environment, designers always need to put the needs of people on the indoor environment, including material use and spiritual aspects, on the first place in the design. Due to the design process is intricate and complex contradictions, problems are numerous, the designer needs to be aware of the human-centered, for the service of people, to ensure people's safety and physical and mental health, in order to meet the needs of people and interpersonal activities as the core of the design. For the service of this ordinary truth, in the design will often be intentionally or unintentionally from a number of local factors to be ignored.
Modern interior design needs to meet people's physiological and psychological requirements, the need to comprehensively deal with people and the environment, interpersonal communication and many other relationships, the need to serve people under the premise of a comprehensive solution to the use of functionality, economic efficiency, comfort and aesthetics, environmental atmosphere and other requirements. Design and implementation of the process will also involve materials, equipment, quota regulations and coordination with construction management and many other issues. It can be considered that modern interior design is a comprehensive and strong system engineering, but the starting point and destination of modern interior design can only be for people and interpersonal activities. From the service for people this "function of the cornerstone" to start, the need for designers to be meticulous, put themselves in people's shoes to create a beautiful indoor environment. Therefore, modern interior design attaches special importance to ergonomics, environmental psychology, aesthetic psychology and other aspects of the research, used to scientifically, probe into the understanding of people's physiological characteristics, behavioral psychology and visual perception of the design requirements of the indoor environment. For different people, different use of the object, accordingly should be considered to have different requirements.
In the organization of indoor space, color and lighting selection, as well as the corresponding use of the nature of the indoor environment, such as atmosphere, more need to study people's behavioral psychology, visual perception of the requirements. For example; the church towering indoor space with a sense of mystery, conference hall rules of indoor space with a sense of solemnity, and entertainment venues brilliant colors and colorful flashing lighting to give a person excited, inert joy of the psychological feeling. We should fully utilize the present feasible material and technical means and the corresponding economic conditions, to create the first of all to meet the human and interpersonal activities required by the indoor artificial environment.
Two, strengthen the overall view of the environment
Modern interior design of the intention, conception, interior style and the creation of environmental atmosphere, need to focus on the environment as a whole, the cultural characteristics and the functional characteristics of the building and other aspects of the consideration. Modern interior design, from the overall concept of understanding, should be seen as a series of environmental design "chain in a link".
Interior design 'in', and the outdoor environment 'outside' (including the natural environment, cultural characteristics, location, etc.), can be said to be a pair of complementary dialectical unity of contradictions, it is in order to do a good job of interior design, more and more Need to have enough understanding and analysis of the environment as a whole, starting from the indoor, but focusing on the "outdoor". One of the shortcomings of the current interior design - similar to each other, very little innovation and personality, the environment as a whole lacks the necessary understanding and research, so that the basis for the design of the flow of the general, design conception of the limitations of the closed. It seems that the analysis of the relationship between the neglect of the environment and interior design is also an important reason.
Modern interior design, or indoor environmental design, where the "environment" focuses on two meanings:
A layer of meaning is that the indoor environment refers to the indoor spatial environment, the visual environment, the air quality environment, acoustic light and heat, such as the physical environment, the psychological environment, and so on many aspects of the indoor design, certainly need to pay attention to the design of the visual environment ( or else), the design of the visual environment is also an important reason. Need to pay attention to the design of the visual environment ( otherwise it is not interior design ), but should not be limited to the visual environment, indoor sound, light, heat and other physical environment, air quality environment and the psychological environment and other factors should be paid great attention to, because people's feelings about the comfort of the indoor environment is always comprehensive. A stuffy, noise background is very high indoor, even if it looks beautiful, to stay in the room is also very difficult to give people a pleasant feeling. Some foreign hotels in the complaints are more concentrated, often in the evening elevator, boiler room, low-frequency noise and washroom sanitary ware pipeline noise, affecting the rest. Many hotels in the lobby, purely from the visual experience, excessive selection of bright hard decorative materials, from the ground to the wall, from the stairs, the balustrade of the corridor to the service desk countertops, cabinets, so that the reverberation time in the lobby is too long to speak with poor clarity, and of course the cost is also very high, the United States interior designers Fischer visited the teachings of the landed a hotel similar to the above comments.
Another layer of meaning is that the interior design as the natural environment of urban and rural environments (including the historical lineage) - community neighborhoods, building outdoor environment - indoor environment, an integral part of the environment series, is the "chain of a link". "A link in the chain", they have many causes and consequences between each other, or mutual constraints and hints of the existence of factors.
Design elements
1. Space elements. The rationalization of space and give people a beautiful feeling is the basic task of design. We should be brave to explore the times, technology to the space of the new image, do not stick to the past formation of the space image.
2. Color requirements. Indoor color in addition to the impact on the visual environment, but also directly affect people's emotions, psychology. Scientific use of color is conducive to work, help health. Properly handled color can meet the functional requirements and can achieve beautiful results. Indoor color in addition to the general laws of color must be observed, but also with the changing aesthetics of the times and different.
3. Light and shadow requirements. Humans love the beauty of nature, often direct sunlight into the interior to eliminate the sense of darkness and sense of closure indoors, especially the top light and soft scattered light, so that the indoor space is more intimate and natural. The change of light and shadow, make the interior more colorful, give a person a variety of feelings.
4. Decorative elements. Indoor space in the overall indispensable building components, such as columns, walls, etc., combined with the functional needs to be decorated, can **** with the composition of the perfect indoor environment. Make full use of the texture characteristics of different decorative materials, you can get the perfect and different styles of indoor art effect, but also reflect the historical and cultural characteristics of the region. 5. Furnishing elements. Indoor furniture, carpets, curtains, etc., are the necessities of life, its shape often has the characteristics of furnishings, most of which play a decorative role. Practical and decorative should be coordinated with each other, the function and form of unity and change, so that the indoor space is comfortable and decent, full of personality.
6. Greening elements. Interior design greening to become an important means of improving the indoor environment. Indoor flowers and trees, the use of greening and vignettes to communicate the indoor and outdoor environment, expanding the sense of indoor space and beautify the space are playing a positive role.
Principle
1, the principle of functionality: including to meet and ensure the use of the requirements, to protect the main structure is not damaged and the building facade, indoor space and other decorative aspects;
2, the principle of security: whether it is the wall, floor or ceiling, the structure requires a certain strength and rigidity, in line with the calculation requirements, especially between the parts of the nodes connected to be more secure. Connected nodes, more safety and reliability.
3, the principle of feasibility: the reason for the design, is to turn the design into reality through the construction, therefore, the interior design
must be feasible, and strive to facilitate construction, easy to operate.
4, the principle of economy: according to the actual nature of the building and the use of different design standards, do not blindly raise the standard, simply the pursuit of artistic effect, resulting in a waste of funds, and do not unilaterally lower the standard and affect the effect, the important thing is that in the same cost, through the skillful construction of the design to achieve a good practical and artistic effect.
5. Matching principle: to meet the requirements of the use of function, modern technology, spiritual function.
Features
The understanding of the meaning of interior design, as well as its relationship with architectural design, from different perspectives, different focus to analyze, many scholars have a lot of insights, it is worthwhile for us to think carefully and learn from the point of view, for example: that the interior design "is the continuation of architectural design and deepening of the indoor space and the environment of the re-creation. Creation of indoor space and environment. That interior design is "the soul of architecture, is the link between people and the environment, is the combination of human art and material civilization".
China's former architect Mr. Dai Nianci believes that "the starting point and focus of architectural design is the connotation of architectural space, the spatial effect as the goal of the pursuit of architectural art, while the interface, doors and windows are necessary to constitute the space of the subordinate part. The subordinate part is the material foundation of the space, and plays a decisive role in the perception of the use of the inner space, but after all, it is a subordinate part. As for the shape is only the inevitable result of the composition of the inner space".
Architect W. Platner, on the other hand, believes that interior design is "much more difficult than the design of buildings that contain these interior spaces" because in the interior "you have to deal more with people, study their psychological factors, and how to make them feel comfortable and excited. Experience has shown that this is much more laborious and requires more specialized training than dealing with structures and building systems."
A former president of the American Society of Interior Designers, Adam (G. Adam) pointed out that "
Interior design involves a much wider range of work than just decorating, and the scope of their concern has been extended to every aspect of life, such as: residential, office, hotel, restaurant design, to improve labor productivity, accessibility, the preparation of fire codes and energy saving indicators, to improve hospitals, libraries, schools and other public ****. schools and other public **** facilities. In short, to give comfort and safety to all kinds of people in the indoor environment".
Belarusian architect EoPonomaleva (EoPonomaleva) that interior design is the design of "artificial environments with visual qualifications to meet the physical and mental requirements to ensure that the needs of life, production activities," interior design is also "functional, spatial form, engineering and artistic interdependence and close integration. The interdependence and close integration of art".
Classification
Based on the function of the building, interior design is categorized as follows:
1, residential building interior design
Mainly involved in residential, apartment and dormitory interior design, including front room, living room, dining room, study, studio, bedroom, kitchen and bathroom design.
2, public **** building interior design
1) cultural and educational building interior design. Mainly involved in kindergartens, schools, libraries, scientific research building interior design, specifically including foyers, halls, atriums, classrooms, activity rooms, reading rooms, laboratories, machine rooms and other interior design.
2) medical building interior design. It mainly involves the interior design of hospitals, community clinics and nursing homes, including the interior design of outpatient rooms, examination rooms, operating rooms and wards.
3) office building interior design. It mainly involves the interior design of offices, conference rooms and lecture halls inside administrative office buildings and commercial office buildings.
4) Commercial building interior design. It mainly involves the interior design of shopping malls, convenience stores, and restaurant buildings, specifically including the interior design of business halls, specialty stores, bars, tea rooms, and restaurants.
5) exhibition building interior design. Mainly involved in a variety of art galleries, exhibition halls and museums of the interior design, specifically including the exhibition halls and galleries of the interior design.
6) Entertainment building interior design. Mainly involved in a variety of dance halls, concert halls, KTV, amusement park building interior design.
7) sports building interior design. Mainly involved in various types of gymnasiums, swimming pools of the interior design, specifically for different sports competitions and training and supporting the design of auxiliary rooms.
8) transportation building interior design. Mainly involved in highways, railroads, waterways, civil aviation stations, terminals, wharf buildings, specifically including the waiting room, waiting room, waiting room, ticket halls and other interior design.
3, industrial building interior design
Mainly involves various types of workshops and living rooms and auxiliary rooms of the interior design.
4, agricultural building interior design
Mainly involves all kinds of agricultural production room, such as planting warm room, feeding room interior design.