Academician is the highest academic title in science and technology established by certain countries, and is generally a lifetime honor. In China, an academician usually refers to an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences or an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Academician is derived from Academy, an ancient Greek legend of a hero who sacrificed his life to save Athens from catastrophe. The Greeks established a secluded garden named after Academy in honor of this wise and courageous hero. In the 916 years after the establishment of the garden, scholars touched by the wisdom and bravery of the Academy, have been in the garden lectures, spontaneous academic activities, therefore, many of the subsequent academic organizations are called "Academy". 1666, France established the Royal Academy of Sciences, to the Academy of Sciences to work for the first time the famous scientists called academicians "Academician". In 1666, the Royal Academy of Sciences was established in France, and the famous scientists working in the Academy were called academicians for the first time. Since then, the Royal Society of England, the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Academy of Sciences in Petersburg have used "academician". The U.S. National Academy of Sciences used the title "Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences" to name the most outstanding scientists in their country. "Academician" has become the highest honorary title given to scientists in the academic world.
Lu Yongxiang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Academicians in China were originally known as academicians, or senior experts in a particular field[2]? Academicians need to be nominated for selection, and the qualifications for nomination are generally: second prize for national scientific and technological progress, and second prize or higher in natural sciences; they need to go through roughly three rounds of selection to become an academician.
China's earliest academicians arose in March 1948, that is, academicians of the Academia Sinica, through layers of selection, 81 people were elected to the first session of the Chinese academicians, including famous scholars in the natural sciences and disciplines of the humanities and social sciences, the academician election, the fuller demonstration of academic achievement rather than political advocacy of the concept of selection, such as dissident Mr. Guo Moruo because of the Oracle and other archaeological work in the For example, the dissident Mr. Guo Moruo was recommended by Hu Shi and elected because of his outstanding achievements in archaeological work such as oracle bones. The four universities with the highest number of candidates in the election, in addition to central research institutes, were Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nanjing University and Zhejiang University.
In 1955, the Chinese Academy of Sciences elected 233 members (renamed academicians in 1994), and 46 famous scientists, including Hua Luogeng, Su Buqing, Guo Moruo, Li Siguang, Zhu Kezhen and Mao Yisheng, entered the ranks of the first group of academicians of the new China.
The members of the Academy of Sciences (later known as academicians) included 30 members of the Department of Mathematics and Physics in the field of natural science, 22 members of the Department of Chemistry, 60 members of the Department of Biology, 22 members of the Department of Biology, and 30 members of the Department of Chemistry, 22 members of the Department of Biology. 22, Biology 60, Geology 24, Technical Sciences 36, and Humanities and Social Sciences 61.
In 1957, 18 members were co-opted to the Division of Natural Sciences.
In 1980, the co-option of members of the Academic Departments was resumed and the Division of Philosophy and Social Sciences was abolished.
In 1994, the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) began to select and recruit engineering academicians. As of December 2008, there were more than 1,100 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, with more than 600 alive, and more than 700 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, some of whom hold the qualification of academician of both academies.
Academician is the highest academic title in science and technology and engineering science and technology established by the state, and is a lifelong honor.
According to the statute of academicians, in order to safeguard the health of elderly academicians, the senior academician system is implemented among academicians, and academicians who have reached the age of 80 are awarded the title of senior academician.
Senior academicians enjoy the senior academician allowance, but do not serve as members of the permanent governing body of the Academician Assembly and members of the Standing Committee of the Academic Departments and other leadership positions, do not take part in the recommendation of candidates for academicians and election work, and are free to participate in the meeting of the academicians.
Academicians of the two academies are paid a monthly allowance of 1,000 yuan each, and the senior academician allowance is standardized at 10,000 yuan per person per year, and the senior academician allowance is exempted from personal income tax.
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