1. Safe driving
Check and confirm that the water, electricity, steam (gas) in line with the requirements of the drive, a variety of raw materials, the supply of materials must be complete, qualified.
Check the valve opening and closing status and blind pumping, to ensure that the device flow smoothly, a variety of mechanical and electrical equipment and electrical instrumentation should be in good condition.
Holding, pressure and washing equipment to meet the driving requirements, if necessary, should be replaced, cleaned and analyzed to make it qualified.
Safety, fire safety facilities are intact, communication and liaison is smooth, dangerous production device drive, should notify the fire, medical and health departments to the scene.
Driving process to strengthen the liaison between the relevant positions, strictly in accordance with the steps in the driving program, strictly comply with the requirements of the amplitude (rate) of the rise and fall of temperature, pressure and load.
During the driving process, we should pay close attention to the process changes and equipment operation, and find abnormal phenomena should be dealt with in a timely manner, the situation should be suspended in case of emergency driving, and it is strictly prohibited to force driving.
2. Safe parking
Normal parking must be carried out in accordance with the steps of the parking program, for emergency treatment of the automatic parking interlocking device, should not be used for normal parking.
System pressure and temperature reduction must be in accordance with the required magnitude (rate) and in the order of high pressure followed by low pressure.
All need to keep pressure, insulation equipment (containers), etc., after stopping to record the pressure and temperature changes on time.
The parking of large transmission equipment, must first stop the host, then stop the auxiliary engine.
When the equipment (container) pressure relief, pay attention to the discharge and distribution of flammable, explosive, easy to poison and other chemical hazards to prevent accidents.
The pressure relief operation should be carried out slowly and should not be dismantled before the pressure is exhausted.
Replacement of equipment for toxic, hazardous, flammable and explosive gases.
Generally used to replace the gas nitrogen, steam, to give priority to the replacement of nitrogen, because the steam temperature is higher, replacement is complete, but also cool the tower, so that the temperature in the equipment down to room temperature.
Chemical process of chemical reactions in the notes
1. Oxidation reaction in the notes
Oxidation process, such as air or oxygen as an oxidant, the ratio of reactive materials should be strictly controlled outside the explosive range.
Before the air into the reactor, there should be a purification device to eliminate dust, moisture, oil and impurities in the air to reduce the role of the catalyst or can cause poisoning, in order to maintain the catalyst activity, reduce the possibility of fire, explosion.
In order to prevent the contactor in the unlikely event of an explosion or fire to jeopardize the safety of personnel and equipment, in front of the reactor and the pipeline should be installed in the flame arrester.
In order to prevent the contactor from exploding, the contactor should have a pressure relief device (explosion-proof membrane, explosion-proof sheet), and as far as possible to use automatic control for regulation as well as alarm interlocking device.
2. Precautions in the nitrification reaction
Nitrification is an exothermic reaction, so the nitrification process needs to be carried out under cooling conditions.
Attention must be paid to the fact that any negligence in nitrification reaction, such as stopping stirring in the middle of the process, poor cooling water effect, too fast charging speed, etc., will cause the temperature to surge, and there will be a lot of nitrate generation, which will lead to the danger of combustion and explosion.
Nitroxide has certain oxidizing property, commonly used nitroxide such as concentrated nitric acid, nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, mixed acid have strong oxidizing property, water absorption and corrosive property.
In the process of use to avoid its contact with grease, organic matter, especially unsaturated organic compounds, otherwise it will cause combustion.
In the preparation of nitrifying agent, it can not be over-temperature or enter a small amount of water (to ensure that the equipment does not leak), otherwise it can cause combustion and explosion.
Most of the nitrified substances are flammable, such as benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, naphthalene derivatives, etc. These substances are not only flammable, some are also toxic, in the use of the process should pay attention to the implementation of the appropriate safety precautions, in order to avoid the occurrence of fire, explosion and poisoning.
3. Precautions in the chlorination reaction
Most of the raw materials used in the reaction process are organic flammables and strong oxidizers, such as methane, ethane, benzene, toluene, ethanol, liquid chlorine, etc. The safety distance of the ignition source should be strictly controlled in the process of production, and the fire and explosion prevention requirements of the plant should be strictly observed, etc.
The chlorination process should be carried out in the same way as the chlorination reaction, so as to avoid fire and explosion.
Chlorination process commonly used chlorinating agent for liquid chlorine or gaseous chlorine, chlorine itself is more toxic (belongs to the Ⅱ level, highly hazardous), usually liquid chlorine must enter the evaporator for gasification before use.
In general, it is not allowed to store chlorine gas cylinders or tankers as tanks to prevent the chlorinated organic matter backflow into the cylinders or tankers caused by an explosion, which must be set up between the chlorine buffer tank.
Chlorine gas in the use of the process should be equipped with a full range of personal protective equipment and the development of a reliable emergency rescue plan, the plan of safety measures must be implemented.
The chlorination reaction is an exothermic reaction, especially at higher temperatures for chlorination, the reaction is more violent. Chlorination reaction equipment must have a good cooling system, control the flow of chlorine gas, so as not to react violently, the temperature rises and cause accidents.
In addition, the chlorination reaction almost always have hydrogen chloride gas generation, therefore, in the process of using its equipment, corrosion-resistant materials, hydrogen chloride gas recovery is particularly worthy of attention.
Fire and explosion precautions
1. Fire and explosion set
In the parts that are prone to fire and explosion, should be fully set up with over-temperature, over-pressure and other detection instrumentation, alarm (sound, light) and safety interlocking devices and other facilities.
In the diffusion of combustible gases (vapors) may leak, should be set up to detect the concentration of combustible gases, alarms, the alarm signal value should be set at the lower limit of the explosion of the gas below 20%.
All flammable and explosive devices connected to the inert gas, combustion gases, piping, should be set to prevent flammable and explosive substances into the facilities, but it is not appropriate to use a separate check valve.
Reaction material burst polymerization, decomposition and other over-temperature, over-pressure equipment, should be set up automatically and manually emergency pressure relief discharge processing tank and other facilities.
Combustible gases (vapors) should be set at the outlet of the vent pipe flame arrester, set up in a convenient place to operate the shut-off valve.
So that in the vent pipe outlet fire, cut off the gas source to extinguish the fire. Air vent pipe should be installed at the lowest place to extinguish the pipe connector.
2. Fire and explosion-proof principles and practices
Combustion must have combustibles, combustion aids and ignition sources of the three conditions.
Control of combustibles: to prevent the formation of explosive mixtures of combustible gases, vapors, dust and air;
Elimination of sources of ignition;
isolation of the air: in addition to flammable materials such as oxygen.
Chemical hazardous materials handling precautions
In the loading and unloading of chemical hazardous materials before the handling, we must do a good job in advance to prepare, to understand the nature of the goods, to check the loading and unloading of handling tools are solid, not solid should be replaced or repaired.
If the tools have been contaminated by flammable materials, organic materials, acids, alkalis, etc., they must be cleaned before use.
Operators should be based on the hazardous properties of different materials, respectively, wear appropriate protective gear, work on toxic, corrosive, radioactive and other items should be strengthened attention.
Protective gear, including overalls, rubber aprons, rubber cuffs, rubber gloves, rubber boots, gas masks, gas masks, yarn masks, yarn gloves and goggles.
Operation of chemical hazardous substances should be gently held and placed to prevent impact, friction, bumping, vibration.
Liquid iron drum packaging under the pallet, can not use the springboard quickly slip put, should be on the ground, pallet pads next to the old tires or other loose objects, slow down, marked with a non-inverted sign of the goods do not put upside down.
The discovery of packaging leakage, must be moved to a safe place to repair, or replace the packaging, repair should not use tools that may spark.
Chemical hazardous substances scattered on the ground, the car on the reverse, should be swept away in a timely manner, the flammable and explosive substances should be loose and soft materials soaked in water and then swept away.
Loading and unloading handling of toxic products, must maintain the site air circulation, if you find nausea, dizziness and other toxic phenomena, should immediately go to the fresh air to rest, take off the overalls and protective gear, clean the skin stained part.
Loading and unloading handling of explosives, a flammable product, a first-class oxidizer, may not use the iron wheeled vehicles, battery trucks (no device to control the spark of the battery car equipment), and other non-explosion-proof device means of transport.
Participants in the operation shall not wear shoes with iron nails.
Loading and unloading of highly corrosive substances, the bottom of the box should be checked before the operation has been corroded, in order to prevent the bottom of the danger.
The handling is prohibited shoulder bar, back or with both hands to hold, only pick, lift or use the car to carry. When handling and stacking, it should not be inverted, tilted or shocked to avoid the danger of liquid spilling.
In the scene must have water, soda or acetic acid, etc., in order to prepare for the application of first aid.
Chemical plant tank operation precautions
Into the equipment operation, do not cut off the material does not enter; cleaning and replacement of unqualified does not enter; traveling lights do not meet the requirements do not enter; no guardianship does not enter; no accident rescue backup measures do not enter.
30 minutes before entering the tank operation sampling and analysis, flammable and explosive, toxic and hazardous substances concentration and oxygen content qualified to enter the operation.
Depending on the specific conditions to strengthen the tank ventilation; poor ventilation environment, should be taken intermittent operation.
When entering the tank to clean up toxic, hazardous, corrosive residues, you must wear personal protective equipment and gas masks in accordance with the regulations.
After entering the equipment operation, the gas composition should be sampled and analyzed every 2 hours; outside the tank, the guardian should remain at his post, close internal and external contact.
Toxic gas concentration is lower than the national regulations, it is strictly prohibited to oxygenate the tank.
Electrical safety precautions
Electrical equipment must have a reliable grounding (zero) device.
Lightning protection and anti-static facilities must be intact, and should be tested regularly every year.
Electrical operations must be professionally trained, qualified and licensed, and should wear good labor protective equipment and use electrical tools that meet safety requirements.
High-voltage equipment, whether energized or not, the duty officer shall not be a single person to remove or cross the masking sheet for work.
If it is necessary to remove the cover rail, there must be a guardian present, and comply with the safety distance of the equipment without power.
In thunderstorms, when it is necessary to inspect outdoor high-voltage equipment, the inspector should wear insulated boots and should not be close to the lightning device.
Before installing the grounding line in the blackout line and equipment, must discharge, check the power, confirm that there is no power, hang the grounding line on both sides of the work lot.
Where there is a possibility of sending power to the outage equipment and line work lot of the branch line, but also to hang the grounding wire.
In the vicinity of the charged equipment fire, flame from the charged parts of 10 kV and below for 1.5 meters, more than 10 kV for 3 meters.
Replacement of the fuse, in strict accordance with the provisions of the choice of fuse, not arbitrarily replaced with other wires.
Notes on the use of gas masks
(a), what are the workshop production safety precautions (2), the work of the enterprise safety production experience sample (three) (3), construction site safety production experience sample (three) (4), the company's safety production experience sample (four) (5), the community safety production work summary sample (four) (6), Site safety production work summary and plan model (7), enterprise safety production precautions and corrective comments (two) (8), hospital safety production short self-inspection report (three) (9), enterprise safety production self-inspection report model (three) (10), enterprise safety production table speech model (five)
The use of gas mask must be carried out before the operating environment of the concentration of toxic gases and oxygen content analysis and testing.
The oxygen content of the environment in which the gas mask is used should be greater than 18%, and the toxic gas content is less than 2%, and when one of them does not meet the requirements, it is strictly prohibited to use the filtering gas mask.
Pay attention to the use range and effective protection time of various models of canisters.
If you feel uncomfortable during the use, the gas mask can not be removed, and immediately evacuate the toxic area.
It is strictly prohibited to enter the closed container, pipeline and oxygen-deficient environment to use the filtering gas mask.