If it is a very shallow abrasion, note that the wound should be rinsed repeatedly with tap water or warm boiled water, and then apply some red drops.
Then apply the red solution 2-3 times a day, and at the same time, it is best to go to the hospital for 1 injection of tetanus antitoxin. If you are hit by a blunt object or stamping, the skin is not broken, but there is a local bruise mass, that is, a small hematoma occurs under the skin; light generally do not deal with it, if it is the bowel, abdomen, waist, joints, or the brain and other places are subjected to a heavier contusion, you must go to the hospital immediately for treatment.
If the skin is cut by a knife, scissors, glass, etc., you can apply a little red potion to the wound to prevent infection. If the finger is cut, you should raise your hand, pinch the root of the finger on both sides, which can stop the bleeding, apply some red drops on the cut or apply iodine and alcohol on the skin around the wound, and bandage it with a clean cloth.
If the finger is cut off, you should stop the bleeding and bandage it with a clean cloth, and then go to the hospital with the child. Most can be reattached. An injection of tetanus toxin is also needed.
Scalp wounds are not large, you can press the skin around the wound, you can stop the bleeding; then shave or cut the hair, local antiseptic solution coated with a bandage; larger wounds, you must go to the hospital. If the puncture wound is very shallow, can be swabbed with alcohol or fire burned needle to remove the thorns, coated with iodine or red potion can be; if the thorns are very deep, it is best not to pull out the foreign body, in order to prevent the sudden hemorrhage.
At this point, you need to rush to the hospital.
2. Medical common sense (emergency)
Psychiatric nurses SCL-90 analysis and response [Abstract] Objective To understand the mental health status of psychiatric nurses. Methods The symptom self-assessment scale SCL-90 was used to assess 38 psychiatric nurses and 56 internal medicine nurses in a general hospital in our city. Results The prominent psychological problems of psychiatric nurses were somatization, compulsion, and anxiety, and the rest were lower than the national norms; the factors in the SCL-90 of internal medicine nurses in a general hospital were higher than those of psychiatric nurses. Conclusion Good coping styles help to reduce work stress, ensure nursing quality and improve life satisfaction. [Keywords] Psychiatric nurses; mental health; coping With the change of medical model and the implementation of the new medical malpractice regulations, the work of nurses is becoming more and more difficult in the face of the increasing awareness of people's use of legal *** [1]. Psychiatric nurses as a special group of the nursing profession, the special nature of their service object determines that the pressure they bear is greater. Therefore, it is especially important to explore good coping methods to reduce their work pressure. 1 Objects and Methods 1.1 Study Subjects There were 38 psychiatric nurses in our hospital, 10 male and 28 female, aged 19-47 years old, with an average of (27.56±5.01) years old; and 56 internal medicine nurses in one of the general hospitals in our city, all of whom were female, aged 19-50 years old, with an average of (25.89±5.12) years old. 1.2 Methods The survey was conducted with the symptom self-assessment scale SCL-90. 2 Results 2.1 Comparison of the SCL-90 test results of psychiatric nurses with the national norms See Table 1. The results show that the prominent psychological problems of psychiatric nurses are somatization, compulsion, and anxiety. The highest detection rates are: feeling nervous or easily nervous; excessive worry; nervousness and uneasiness; feeling headache. Table 1 Comparison of SCL-90 survey results of psychiatric nurses with Chinese norms (omitted) 2.2 SCL-90 test results of nurses of different ages See Table 2. It shows that the coping styles are becoming more mature with the accumulation of specialized knowledge and work experience. Table 2 Comparison of SCL-90 symptom factors of psychiatric nurses at different ages (omitted) 2.3 Comparison of the SCL-90 survey between psychiatric nurses and internal medicine nurses See Table 3. The test results show that psychiatric nurses have a higher level of mental health than internal medicine nurses. This is related to the fact that psychiatric nurses are responsible for a variety of tasks in psychological care, psychotherapy and health education, and that they themselves are educated and improved while doing psychological counseling for patients. Table 3 Results of SCL-90 survey of psychiatric nurses and internal medicine nurses 3 Analysis of reasons 3.1 Overloaded working condition With the continuous improvement of people's living standard, the pace of life is also accelerated, and mental problems are becoming more and more prominent. China's psychiatric patients have reached 16 million people, while less than 80,000 medical personnel engaged in mental health work, a considerable shortage of medical personnel. The current "patient-centered" nursing model requires nurses to give comprehensive care to patients from physical, psychological, social and cultural aspects. This kind of comprehensive care, including psychological and cultural care, is a complex and creative work, requiring nurses to pay more labor and energy. At present, there is a serious shortage of nurses in China, for example, there are more than 80 permanent patients in the male psychiatric ward of our hospital, while there are only 15 nursing staff, which is far from the standard 1:0.4 bed ratio proposed by the Ministry of Health in 1978, putting nurses in an overloaded working condition. 3.2 High Occupational Risks With the introduction and implementation of the Regulations on the Handling of Medical Accidents and other relevant laws and regulations, the public's awareness of the law has generally increased, and people's demand for nursing services has become higher, which has led to an increase in the mental pressure on nurses. Psychiatric patients are a special group of people who often have impulsive, destructive, injurious and self-injurious behaviors under the domination of morbid thinking, and they are often unaware of the onset of the disease and tend to resist treatment. This not only increases the workload of psychiatric nursing staff, but even threatens the personal safety of nurses. Psychiatric nurses have to prevent patients from having accidents and ensure their own safety while completing heavy daily nursing work. In the long run, the physical and mental health of psychiatric nurses is adversely affected, thus directly affecting the enthusiasm and quality of work of psychiatric nurses. 3.3 Low sense of personal achievement Mental illness is a chronic and prolonged disease with a very high relapse rate. Even if the patients can follow the doctor's instructions to adhere to the medication, there are still patients with recurring conditions who are re-admitted to the hospital, and more are discharged from the hospital due to insufficient supervision (e.g., individuals living alone without supervision, unwillingness to continue to take the medication after the emergence of adverse reactions, etc.) relapse of the condition of the patient admitted to the hospital. In our department, there was a case of a patient who was hospitalized three times in one year. In addition, the lack of respect and understanding of psychiatric nurses in society and the low treatment of psychiatric nurses' work have had a negative impact on psychiatric nurses, resulting in a low sense of personal fulfillment for psychiatric nurses and a low degree of acceptance by their families. 3.4 Continuous updating of knowledge The 21st century is the age of knowledge and information, with the rapid development of science and technology and the mutual penetration of knowledge. Many new knowledge, new technology applied to clinical, medical instruments are constantly updated, a variety of new tests and treatments are emerging, coupled with the implementation of the "patient-centered to improve the quality of medical care" as the theme of the hospital management year inspection and acceptance of the activities, which forced nurses to complete the intense work, but also strive to learn the basics and specialized skills in order to update their knowledge, so that the nurses have the opportunity to learn the basics. Specialized skills, in order to update knowledge, smooth through
dx.aidaogou medical general knowledge (emergency)
3. How to care for during hospitalization
Attention to care during the hospitalization of the postpartum period can eliminate maternal fatigue, promote milk secretion, and make the body recover.
The main aspects include the following: (1) sitting up and walking. You can sit up a few hours after delivery and walk on the ground in 8 to 24 hours.
(2) Diet. The daily diet should be protein rich, rich in water and easy to digest.
(3) Breastfeeding. Start breastfeeding 6 hours after delivery and every 3 hours thereafter, 7-8 times a day.
(4) *** Health care. *** ***, if necessary, squeeze out the milk outward; if *** rupture, you can apply some anti-inflammatory cream.
(5) Dew discharge. Observe the discharge, every 3-4 hours on the day of delivery; later observe when urinating.
(6) Urination and defecation. Those who have not urinated naturally for 8 hours after delivery should be catheterized; those who have not urinated or defecated for more than 3 days need to go to the hospital *** or take diarrhea-relieving medicines under the guidance of the doctor.
(7) Measure the height of the uterine fundus, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, check the blood, urine and so on.
4. What to pay attention to when you are hospitalized
What should I prepare when I am sick and hospitalized? Nowadays, hospitals can usually provide common items for accommodation, such as bed sheets, bedding, hot water bottles, etc. Patients and accompanying family members only need to prepare their personal belongings.
It is recommended that you bring the following: clothing, cups of water, toiletries (soap, toothbrush, toothpaste, basin, towel), daily utensils, tissues, slippers. Hospitalization of small children means a change in the daily living environment.
So, try to use your child's old belongings and bring a few of his favorite toys or books during the hospital stay. How do I get hospitalized? The patient first goes to the outpatient clinic or ward to get a hospitalization certificate and then goes to pay a certain amount of money.
With the hospitalization card, you can go to the nursing station of the department where you are staying to apply for the hospitalization record, measure temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, etc., listen to the nurse's introduction to the ward and the precautions to be taken in the hospital, and get the items used in the hospital, and pay a deposit for the items. What should I pay attention to when I first get hospitalized? You need to learn about the department you are staying in and about the hospital.
The layout of the inpatient pharmacy, payment office, billing office, shower room, fire escape, etc. At the same time, you should know your own bed doctors, nurses and professors in charge, and establish contact with them. The hospital is a public **** place, people are very mixed, make sure you keep your valuables and money safe.
Each hospital has its own set of "Admission Guidelines" that you should review. What are the special rules for hospitals? Hospitals are public places, so you have to follow the rules of public morality.
In addition, there are some special rules: no smoking in the wards, no open flames, no loud noises, and no use of mobile communication devices in the areas of the wards where monitoring equipment is used. What kind of treatment and tests will be done during hospitalization? During the hospitalization, some tests will be performed to clarify the diagnosis, mostly on the day of hospitalization or the next day.
For large and expensive tests, the doctor will usually ask for the patient's consent. If you do not agree, you can give yourself some leeway by politely saying, "Think about it, think about it," or "Talk to your family about it.
In general, after 3 days of hospitalization, the hospital will give a diagnosis and treatment of the initial opinion, and make a preliminary judgment on the effect of treatment. The patient at this time can clearly put forward the heart of the question: why this drug, there is no role similar and inexpensive, how long you need to stay in the hospital and so on? How to arrange the patient's meals? Some of the dietary requirements of the disease, such as diabetes, kidney disease, diarrhea, etc., generally by the doctor and dietitian specific arrangements for diet, without the permission of the physician, the patient and his family shall not change the food.
Ordinary patients can eat easy to digest, nutrient-rich food, Western medicine generally do not pay attention to taboos. The hospitalization of a sudden change in condition, who should I call? During hospitalization, every patient has a fixed bedside doctor and responsible nurse to provide diagnosis and treatment services, when there is a change in the condition, you can reflect to them, and in the evening, you can reflect to the doctors and nurses on duty.
What are the requirements of hospital wards for companions and visitors? In order to ensure the normal order of treatment, most of the hospitals stipulate that the morning treatment checkup time do not want to visit. Visiting hours are mostly scheduled in the afternoon and at night.
What are the safety issues to be aware of when hospitalized? The oldest of the elderly can't walk well and are emotionally unstable, so it's important to keep an eye on the patient for falls or accidents. Parents should be careful not to let their children ride the elevator alone, go to the bathroom alone, or run in the corridors of the ward.
Parents should place hot water bottles and sharp instruments properly to avoid accidents. How do I check and pay for my hospitalization? Advance payment is required upon admission; inquiries can be made at the inquiry counters set up by the hospital during the treatment period.
If you have any questions, please contact the nurses in the ward. What are the rights and benefits of hospitalization? The doctor in charge of the bed checks the room every day, does the physical examination, informs the patient of the results of the tests, makes a treatment plan for the patient and explains the condition, arranges for the superior doctor to check the room, handles the discharge, provides health education for the patient, etc.
What if you are not satisfied? You can complain to the hospital's party committee conduct review department, medical office, department director, department head nurse. How do patients sleep after surgery? Active treatment and care after surgery, proper and careful wound management is crucial to the therapeutic effect.
General anesthesia patients are not awake, should lie flat, without pillows, head to one side, to prevent saliva or vomit inhalation of the respiratory tract, causing respiratory tract infection. Epidural anesthesia or lumbar anesthesia patients, postoperative lying 6-12 hours to prevent the occurrence of postoperative headache.
After thoracic surgery, more often than not, a semi-sitting or semi-recumbent position is taken. After spinal surgery, patients should sleep on a hardboard bed.
After limb surgery, the operated limb should be elevated or put in traction. How does a companion observe a post-operative patient? Assist the medical staff to observe the body temperature, pulse, color, breathing, blood pressure and urination.
If the patient feels unwell, has a fever and a fast heartbeat, etc., report this to the doctor or nurse. At this point to tell a little common sense, 3-5 days after surgery, the body temperature is often around 38 ℃, which is called postoperative reaction fever, there is no need to be nervous about this.
How soon can I eat after surgery? General surgery, 6 hours after surgery before eating, abdominal surgery patients, to abdominal ventilation, before entering the fluid. How soon can I move around after surgery? It is important to be active early after surgery.
Depending on the size of the surgery and the condition of the patient after the surgery, the patient should be able to get out of bed as early as possible with the doctor's permission. If abdominal surgery, you can get out of bed or do bed activities after you are awake from anesthesia to prevent abdominal distension and intestinal adhesion.
Obese patients should move their limbs more to prevent venous thrombosis. What should be done before discharge? The doctor in charge should be asked to write a discharge summary - the summary usually details the important findings and treatments of the hospitalization, which are essential for the patient's recovery and further treatment.
If you need to bring medication with you on discharge, you should also explain this to your doctor. How do I make copies of my medical records? Provide the patient's ID card and the agent's ID card to the staff of the case room, or make a request to the hospital's medical office, and the objective parts of the medical record, including test results and medication, can be copied after consent.
What if I find a problem after discharge? In order to save money, some patients are discharged when their condition is under control and there is still a recovery process at home. After being discharged from the hospital, of course, you will need to see a doctor again for serious problems; for minor problems, you can actively consult your doctor over the phone.
Please adopt.
5. Nurses must know the general knowledge
Help you look around 貌似这个比较符合你的要求 1.2 Emergency nurses should have the ability to respond to emergencies One of the characteristics of emergency is the onset of the patient's acute, rapid changes, critical condition, mostly due to traffic accidents, accidental injuries, sudden onset of disease, and so on.
Therefore, time is life, we must respond quickly, scramble for time, deal with timely, in order to save the patient's life to fight for time.1.3 Emergency nurses should have good language skills Emergency rescue often includes pre-hospital resuscitation and in-hospital first aid, so its scope of work is large, the service population is complex, involves a lot of related departments, and requires a lot of coordination work.
And the situation is very urgent, so the emergency department nurses must have good language expression ability and communication ability, in order to coordinate and organize the large-scale rescue and the handling of accidents.2 Emergency nurses should have the quality of 2.1 Physical quality of the Emergency Department of the work of the large responsibility, heavy task, randomness, poor conditions of the emergency environment, and physical strength.
In dealing with large car accidents and other accidents, critical patients are often involved in the handling of patients, need a strong physical strength, and at the same time, because of the rescue of patients sometimes need a long time to fight, so there is no strong body, there is no way to talk about doing a good job in the emergency rescue work.2.2 Political quality Emergency patients are often some of the sudden, often no family members or accompanied by the process of rescue, observation of the patient, and often times There is only one nurse present; there are some patients without money, this time we need a nurse in a large degree of dedication.
Therefore, the emergency nurses must have a high political quality and moral cultivation, good medical ethics, medical style, have a noble state of mind, have a good spirit of prudence, with a full of enthusiasm to serve the patient. Not caring about personal gains and losses, depending on the patient's life above all.
In the interests of the patient, the interests of the hospital as a priority.2.3 Operational quality Emergency patients are often ferocious, the situation is urgent, so we need to have a superb, skillful medical staff to rescue skills; can react keenly, skillful operation, cooperate with the tacit understanding, organized and methodical; have a more accurate foresight.
So the emergency department nurses must continue to strengthen the business skills learning, training, to adhere to the old, learn the old, the work must be "stable, accurate, fast", in order to compete for the momentum, and strive to improve the quality of medical care and the level of resuscitation. Skilled in the basic knowledge and skills of pre-hospital emergency care, skilled in the use of rescue equipment and custody; skilled in the role of commonly used rescue drugs, usage and precautions, strong communication skills and techniques.
In short, the emergency department nurses must have good personal training, to have "people-oriented" service concept; to have the spirit of selfless dedication, to have all for the patient, all for the sake of the idea of life; to have no fear of hard work, no fear of fatigue and the patient's safety above all the professional ethics.
6. Nurses must know the general knowledge
To help you look around 貌似这个比较符合你的要求 1.2 Emergency nurses should have the ability to respond to emergencies One of the characteristics of emergency is the onset of the patient's acute, rapid changes, critical condition, mostly due to traffic accidents, accidental injuries, and sudden onset of disease, and so on. Therefore, time is life, must respond quickly, scramble for time, deal with timely, in order to save the patient's life to fight for time.
1.3 Emergency nurses should have good language skills Emergency rescue often includes pre-hospital rescue and in-hospital emergency, so its work scope is large, the service population is complex, involves a lot of related departments, and requires a lot of coordination work. And the situation is very urgent, so the emergency department nurses must have good language expression ability and communication ability, in order to coordinate and organize the large-scale rescue and the handling of accidents.
2 Emergency nurses should have the quality
2.1 Physical quality The work of the emergency department has a great responsibility, heavy tasks, randomness, poor conditions of the emergency environment, and high physical intensity. In dealing with large car accidents and other accidents, critical patients are often involved in the handling of patients, requiring strong physical strength, and at the same time, because of the rescue of patients sometimes need a long time to fight, so there is no strong body, there is no way to talk about doing a good job in emergency rescue work.
2.2 Political quality Emergency patients are often some of the sudden, often no family or accompanied, in the process of rescue, observation of the patient, many times only one nurse is present; there are some patients with no money and no master, this time we need to be a nurse to a large extent a kind of dedication. Therefore, the emergency nurses must have a high political quality and moral cultivation, good medical ethics and medical style, have a noble state of mind, have a good spirit of prudence, with full enthusiasm to serve the patients. Not caring about personal gains and losses, the patient's life above all. The interests of the patient, the interests of the hospital as a priority.
2.3 Business quality Emergency patients are often fierce, urgent situation, so we need our medical staff to have a superb, skillful rescue skills; able to react keenly, skillful operation, cooperate with the tacit understanding, organized; have a more accurate foresight. Therefore, the emergency department nurses must constantly strengthen the business skills learning, training, to adhere to the old, learn the old, all work must be "stable, accurate, fast", in order to scramble for the momentum, and strive to improve the quality of medical care and the level of resuscitation. Skilled in the basic knowledge and skills of pre-hospital emergency care, skilled in the use of rescue equipment and custody; skilled in the role of commonly used rescue drugs, usage and precautions, strong communication skills and techniques.
In short, the emergency department nurses must have good personal training, to have a "people-oriented" service concept; to have the spirit of selfless dedication, all for the sake of the patient, all for the sake of the life of the idea; to have no fear of hard work, no fear of fatigue and the patient's safety and security of the spirit and above all the professional ethics.