Accident emergency management system
I. The basic tasks and characteristics of accident emergency rescue
(a) The basic tasks of accident emergency rescue
The overall goal of the accident emergency rescue is to minimize the consequences of the accident, including injuries and deaths, property losses and environmental damage, through effective emergency rescue operations. The basic tasks of emergency rescue include the following aspects:
1. Immediately organize the rescue of victims, organize the evacuation or take other measures to protect other people in the hazardous area. Rescue victims is the first task of emergency rescue. In emergency rescue operations, rapid, orderly and effective implementation of on-site first aid and safe transfer of the injured, is to reduce the casualty rate, reduce accident losses of the key. Due to the sudden occurrence of major accidents, rapid spread, wide range and great harm, the public should be promptly instructed and organized to take various measures for their own protection, and if necessary, quickly evacuate from the danger zone or the area that may be endangered. In the process of evacuation, should actively organize the masses to carry out self-help and mutual rescue work.
2. Rapidly control the situation, and the hazards caused by the accident detection, monitoring, determination of the hazardous area of the accident, the nature of the hazard and the degree of harm. Timely control of the accident caused by the source of danger is an important task of emergency rescue work. Only timely control of the source of danger, to prevent the accident from continuing to expand, in order to timely and effective rescue. Especially in urban or densely populated areas of the chemical accident, should be organized as soon as possible engineering rescue team with the accident unit technicians to control the accident in a timely manner to continue to expand.
3. Eliminate the consequences of the hazards, do a good job of site restoration. For the accident on the human body, plants and animals, soil, air and other real hazards and possible hazards, quickly take closed, isolated, decontamination, monitoring and other measures to prevent the continuation of human hazards and pollution of the environment. Timely cleanup of debris and restore basic facilities, the accident scene to a relatively stable state.
4. Find out the cause of the accident, assess the degree of harm. Accidents should be investigated in a timely manner after the occurrence of the cause of the accident and the nature of the accident, to assess the scope of the accident and the degree of danger, to identify casualties, to do a good job of investigating the cause of the accident, and to summarize the experience and lessons learned from the rescue work.
Usually, the complete emergency plan mainly includes the following six aspects:
1. Overview of the emergency plan
Overview of the emergency plan mainly describes the production and operation units and hazardous characteristics of the situation, etc., and at the same time, the emergency response to emergencies, the scope of application and principles of the guidelines to provide a brief description and make the necessary explanations. Emergency rescue system should first have a clear policy and principles to guide the emergency rescue program. The guidelines and principles reflect the priority direction, policy, scope and overall objectives of the emergency relief work, such as the priority of protecting the safety of people, the priority of preventing and controlling the spread of accidents, and the priority of protecting the environment. In addition, the guidelines and principles should also reflect the accident loss control, prevention, unity of command and continuous improvement and other ideas.
2. Accident prevention
The prevention procedure is to analyze potential accidents, possible secondary and derivative accidents and explain the measures taken to prevent and control accidents.
Emergency plans are targeted and have a clear object, which may be one or more types of possible major accident types. The development of emergency plans must be based on a comprehensive and systematic understanding and evaluation of the types of potential accidents targeted, identifying important potential accident types, nature, region, distribution and consequences of the accident, at the same time, according to the results of the risk analysis, analysis of emergency rescue emergency response forces and available resources, and put forward constructive suggestions.
(1) Hazard analysis
The ultimate goal of hazard analysis is to clarify the object of emergency response (possible major accidents), the nature of the accident and its scope of influence, the severity of the consequences, etc., and to provide a basis for decision-making and guidance for emergency preparedness, emergency response and disaster reduction measures. Hazard analysis includes hazard identification, vulnerability analysis and risk analysis. Hazard analysis should be based on national and local laws and regulations, according to the specific situation.
(2) Resource analysis
For the main hazards identified in the hazard analysis, clear resources required for emergency rescue, listing the available emergency response forces and resources, including:
1) the composition and distribution of various types of emergency response forces.
2) The readiness of various important emergency equipment and materials.
3) Emergency resources available from higher rescue organizations or the surrounding area.
Through the resource analysis, it can provide guidance for the planning and equipping of emergency resources, signing mutual aid agreements with neighboring areas and the preparation of plans.
(3) Legal and regulatory requirements
Laws and regulations on emergency rescue are important prerequisite safeguards for emergency rescue work. Before preparing the plan, the national and local laws and regulations related to the emergency plan, accident prevention, emergency preparedness, emergency response and recovery related documents should be researched to serve as the basis and authorization for the preparation of the plan.
3. Preparation Procedures
Preparation procedures should describe the preparatory work to be taken before the emergency action, including the emergency organization and its responsibilities and authorities, emergency team building and personnel training, preparation of emergency supplies, rehearsal of the plan, the public's knowledge of emergency response training, the signing of mutual assistance agreements.
Whether the emergency plan can successfully play a role in emergency rescue depends not only on the degree of perfection of the emergency plan itself, but also on the adequacy of emergency preparedness. Emergency preparedness mainly includes the clarification of various emergency response organizations and their responsibilities and authorities, the preparation of emergency response resources, public education, emergency response personnel training, plan drills and the signing of mutual aid agreements.
(1) Institutions and responsibilities
In order to ensure rapid response and coordination of emergency rescue work, it is necessary to establish a perfect emergency response institutions and organizational systems, including the leadership of the city's emergency management agencies, emergency response centers, and all relevant agencies and departments. Emergency rescue of all emergency organizations to undertake the task, should specify the corresponding duties, responsible person, alternate and contact information.
(2) Emergency resources
Preparation of emergency resources is an important guarantee of emergency rescue work, should be based on the nature of potential accidents and risk analysis, the reasonable formation of professional and social rescue forces, equipped with a variety of rescue machinery and equipment needed for emergency rescue, monitoring instruments, plugging and elimination of materials, transportation, personal protective equipment, medical equipment and medicines, and life support materials. etc., and regularly check, maintain and update them to ensure that they are always in good condition. In addition, the emergency resource information should be effectively managed and updated.
(3) education, training and exercises
In order to comprehensively improve the emergency response capability, the emergency plan should be public education, emergency training and exercises to make the corresponding provisions, including its content, planning, organization and preparation, evaluation of results.
Public awareness and self-protection ability is an important aspect of reducing casualties in major accidents can not be ignored. As a component of emergency preparedness, provisions should be made for the daily education of the public, especially those located in the vicinity of the major sources of danger, so that they understand the nature of the potential hazards and health hazards, and master the necessary knowledge of self-rescue, understand the pre-designated main and alternate evacuation routes and gathering places, and understand the meaning of various alarms and the relevant requirements of the emergency rescue work.
Emergency drills are a comprehensive test of emergency response capabilities. Reasonable development of emergency drills participated by all parties involved in emergency response will help improve emergency response capabilities. At the same time, through the evaluation and summarization of the results of the exercise, help to improve the emergency plan and emergency management deficiencies, continue to improve emergency response capabilities, improve emergency management.
(4) Mutual aid agreements
When the relevant emergency response forces and resources are relatively weak, should seek to sign a formal mutual aid agreement with neighboring regions in advance, and make the appropriate arrangements, so as to get the timely assistance of external rescue forces and resources in the emergency rescue. In addition, it should also sign the corresponding mutual assistance agreements with social professional and technical service organizations and material supply enterprises.
4. Emergency procedures
In the emergency rescue process, there are a number of necessary core functions and tasks, such as receiving and notification, command and control, alarms and emergency announcements, communications, monitoring and assessment of the situation, vigilance and public security, crowd evacuation and resettlement, medical care and hygiene, public **** relations, emergency personnel safety, firefighting and emergency rescue, leakage control, etc., no matter what kind of emergency process must be centered around the above functions and tasks. Emergency procedures refer to the procedures and steps to implement the above core functions and tasks.
(1) Alarm and notification
Accurate understanding of the nature and scale of the accident and other initial information is the key to the decision to start the emergency rescue. Receiving the police as the first step of the emergency response, must make clear provisions for the requirements of receiving the police, to ensure that quickly and accurately to the alarm personnel to ask the important information about the accident scene. After accepting the alarm, the police receiving personnel should follow the pre-determined notification procedures to quickly notify the relevant emergency response agencies, the government and higher authorities of the accident in order to take appropriate action.
(2) Command and control
Emergency rescue of major safety production accidents often requires multiple rescue agencies **** the same disposal, therefore, the unified command and coordination of emergency response is the key to effective emergency rescue. The establishment of a unified emergency command, coordination and decision-making procedures to facilitate the initial assessment of the accident, to confirm the state of emergency, so as to quickly and effectively carry out the emergency response decision-making, the establishment of on-site work areas, to determine the key protection areas and the priority principles of emergency response, command and coordination of the scene of the rescue team to carry out rescue operations, reasonable and efficient deployment and use of emergency resources.
(3) alarms and emergency announcements
When the accident may affect the surrounding areas, the public in the surrounding areas may pose a threat, the alarm system should be activated in a timely manner to alert the public, and at the same time, through a variety of channels to the public to issue emergency announcements to inform the public of the nature of the accident, the impact on the health of the self-protection measures, precautions to be taken, etc., in order to ensure that the public can make timely self-protection response. Protection Response. When the decision is made to evacuate, an emergency announcement should be made to ensure that the public understands the relevant information about the evacuation, such as the evacuation time, route, carry-on items, transportation and destination.
(4) communication
Communication is an important guarantee of emergency command, coordination and contact with the outside world, in the field command, emergency response center, the emergency rescue organizations, news media, hospitals, higher levels of government and external rescue agencies, it is necessary to set up a perfect emergency communication network, in the emergency rescue process should always keep the communication network open, and set up a backup communication system.
(5) state of affairs monitoring and assessment
In the emergency rescue process must be the development of the accident situation and the impact of timely dynamic monitoring, the establishment of the accident scene and off-site monitoring and evaluation procedures. The monitoring and evaluation of the situation in the emergency rescue plays a very important role in decision-making support, the results are not only the control of the accident scene, the development of firefighting, rescue measures for the important decision-making basis, but also the division of the site work area, to ensure the safety of the emergency personnel on the scene, the implementation of the public protection measures is an important basis. Even in the field recovery phase, the scene and the environment should also be basket test.
(6) vigilance and law and order
In order to protect the scene of the smooth progress of emergency rescue work, the establishment of vigilance areas around the accident site, the implementation of traffic control, maintenance of law and order at the scene is very necessary, and its purpose is to prevent the rescue of unrelated personnel from entering the scene of the accident, to ensure that the rescue team, material transportation and crowd evacuation, etc., the smooth flow of traffic, and to avoid the occurrence of unnecessary casualties.
The purpose is to prevent people who have nothing to do with the rescue from entering the scene.
(7) crowd evacuation and resettlement
Crowd evacuation is the key to reducing the expansion of casualties, but also the most thorough emergency response. There should be detailed provisions and preparations for evacuation emergencies and decision-making, preventive evacuation preparations, evacuation areas, evacuation distances, evacuation routes, evacuation means of transportation, places of refuge as well as relocation back, etc. The number of evacuating crowds, the time needed, environmental changes such as wind direction and the evacuation of the elderly, the infirm, the sick, the disabled and other special groups should be taken into consideration. For the people who have been temporarily evacuated, it is necessary to do a good job of temporary living arrangements to ensure that the necessary water, electricity, sanitation and other basic conditions.
(8) medical and health
Timely and effective on-site first aid for the injured, reasonable transfer to the hospital for treatment, is the key to reducing casualties at the accident scene. Medical personnel must be aware of the major urban hazards and be trained in the proper methods of disinfecting and treating injured persons.
(9) Public **** relations
A major accident inevitably attracts the attention of the news media and the public. Information about the accident, its impact, and the progress of rescue work should be released to the media and the public in a timely manner in order to eliminate public panic and avoid public suspicion and dissatisfaction. Uniform release of accident and rescue information should be ensured, and the procedures for approval and release of spokespersons and information to the media and the public in the process of accident emergency response and rescue should be clarified to avoid inconsistency of information. At the same time, it should also deal with the public's relevant consultations, reception and appeasement of victims' families.
(10) safety of emergency personnel
The emergency rescue work of major accidents, especially those involving hazardous substances, is extremely dangerous, and the safety of the emergency personnel themselves must be carefully considered, including safety precautions, individual protective equipment, on-site safety monitoring, etc., to clarify the conditions and procedures for emergency evacuation of the emergency personnel to ensure that they are free from accidental injury.
(11) rescue and rescue
Rescue and rescue is one of the core contents of the emergency rescue work, the purpose is to control the development of the accident as soon as possible, to prevent the accident from spreading and further expanding, so as to ultimately control the accident, and actively rescue the victims of the accident scene. Especially involving hazardous substances leakage, fire accidents, the difficulty and danger of the fire and rescue work is very huge, should be fire and rescue equipment and materials, personnel training, methods and strategies, as well as on-site command and make careful arrangements and preparations.
(12) Hazardous substance control
Leakage or loss of control of hazardous substances may lead to fire, explosion or poisoning accidents, posing serious danger to workers and equipment. Moreover, the leaked hazardous substances and the water used to extinguish the fire entrained with toxic substances may have a significant impact on the environment, and at the same time will bring more danger to the rescue work on the scene. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out timely and effective control of hazardous substances, such as the leakage of containment, shelter and decontamination, and proper disposal.
5. Site recovery
Site recovery can also be called emergency recovery, refers to the short-term recovery after the accident is under control, from the emergency response process means the end of the emergency rescue work into another stage of the work, that is, the site is restored to a basically stable state. A large number of lessons learned show that there are still potential dangers in the process of site restoration, such as the re-ignition of embers, the collapse of damaged buildings, etc., so the possible dangers in the process of site restoration should be fully considered. The main contents of this part should include: procedures for announcing the end of the emergency; evacuation and handover procedures; procedures for restoring normal conditions; site cleanup and continuous testing of the affected area; accident investigation and evaluation of the consequences.
6. Plan management and review and improvement
Emergency plan is the guiding document for emergency rescue work. The formulation, modification, updating, approval and release of the plan should be made clear management provisions to ensure that regular or emergency drills, emergency rescue after the review and improvement of the emergency plan, for a variety of changes in the actual situation as well as the application of the plan exposed defects, and continuous improvement, in order to continuously improve the emergency plan system.
These six aspects of the content of both relatively independent of each other, but also closely linked, from the emergency policy, planning, preparation, response, recovery to the management and review of the plan to improve, forming an organic link and continuous improvement of the system structure. These elements are the basic aspects of the preparation of emergency response plans for major accidents should be involved in the preparation of the preparation, according to the setup of functional departments and the allocation of responsibilities and other specific circumstances, the elements will be merged or increased in order to be more in line with the actual.
Accident investigation and handling (accident investigation team composition and responsibilities)
(a) the composition of the accident investigation team:
The composition of the accident investigation team should follow the principle of streamlining, efficiency. According to the specific circumstances of the accident, the accident investigation team by the relevant people's government, the supervision and management of production safety, the relevant departments responsible for the supervision and management of production safety, the supervisory organs, the public security organs and trade unions sent by the composition, and should invite the People's Procuratorate sent by the people to participate. Accident investigation team can hire relevant experts to participate in the investigation.
Members of the accident investigation team to fulfill the accident investigation is an act of duty, on behalf of its departments and units to investigate the accident; accident investigation team members are subject to the leadership of the accident investigation team; accident investigation team to hire experts to participate in the accident investigation, is also a member of the accident investigation team. Accident investigation team members should have the knowledge and expertise needed to investigate the accident, and no direct interest in the accident investigated.
The head of the accident investigation team is appointed by the people's government responsible for accident investigation. The head of the accident investigation team presides over the work of the accident investigation team. By the government directly organized accident investigation team to investigate the accident, the accident investigation team leader by the people's government in charge of organizing the accident investigation; by the government entrusted the relevant departments to organize the accident investigation team to investigate the accident, the accident investigation team leader is also responsible for organizing the accident investigation of the people's government designated. Authorized by the government departments to organize the accident investigation team to investigate the accident, the accident investigation team leader to determine the authorization can be carried out together, that is to say, the accident investigation team leader can be designated by the people's government, can also be authorized by the organization of the accident investigation team designated by the relevant departments.
(B) the accident investigation team to perform the duties:
Find out what happened, the cause of the accident, casualties and direct economic losses; determine the nature of the accident and accident responsibility; put forward proposals for the treatment of those responsible for the accident; summarize the lessons learned from the accident, put forward preventive and corrective measures; submit an accident investigation report.
1. Identify the accident occurred
Before the accident occurred, the accident occurred unit production and operation conditions; accident occurred at the specific time, location; accident scene conditions and accident scene protection; accident occurred after the emergency response measures taken; accident report; accident rescue and accident rescue; accident after treatment; other accidents occurring through the relevant circumstances. The situation.
2. Identify the causes of the accident
The direct cause of the accident; the indirect cause of the accident; the other causes of the accident.
3. Casualties
Before the accident, the accident occurred in the unit of production and operation of the distribution of personnel; the accident occurred when the personnel involved in the situation; the accident on the spot casualties and missing persons; accident rescue process casualties; the final casualties; and other accidents related to casualties.
4. Accidental direct economic losses
The casualties of the expenses, such as medical costs, funeral and compassionate costs, subsidies and relief costs, wages, etc.; accident aftercare costs, such as dealing with the accident of the transaction costs, on-site salvage costs, scene clean-up costs, accident fines and compensation costs; accident caused by property damage costs, such as loss of fixed assets, loss of value of current assets, etc.. value, the value of loss of current assets, etc.
5. Determine the nature of the accident and accident liability analysis
Through the accident investigation and analysis, the nature of the accident to have a clear conclusion. Which is recognized as a natural accident (non-liability or irresistible accidents) can no longer be identified or pursued as the person responsible for the accident; recognized as responsible for the accident, in accordance with the size of the responsibility and the responsibility of the different were identified as directly responsible for the person, the main responsible person, the leader of the responsible person.
6. Recommendations for the treatment of those responsible for the accident
Through the accident investigation and analysis, in determining the nature of the accident and the responsibility for the accident on the basis of the person responsible for the accident, administrative sanctions, disciplinary action, administrative penalties, criminal liability, civil liability recommendations.
7. Summarize the lessons of the accident
Through the accident investigation and analysis, in determining the nature of the accident and the accident on the basis of those responsible for the accident, to seriously summarize the lessons of the accident, mainly in the management of production safety, safety input, safety conditions, etc. What are the weaknesses, loopholes and pitfalls to be carefully compared to the problem of the root cause, learn a lesson.
8. Preventive and corrective measures
Preventive and corrective measures are based on the accident investigation and analysis of the accident units in the production safety weaknesses, loopholes, hidden dangers, etc., to have a targeted, operable, universal applicability and timeliness.
9. Submit an accident investigation report
Accident investigation report in the accident investigation team to fully perform their duties under the premise of the accident investigation team to complete, is the focus of the results of the accident investigation work. Accident investigation report completed under the auspices of the accident investigation team leader; accident investigation report should be in line with the provisions of the Regulations, and in the time limit for the submission of accident investigation report. Accident investigation report should be accompanied by relevant evidence, accident investigation team members should sign the accident investigation report. Accident investigation report should include an overview of the accident unit, the accident and the accident rescue situation, the accident caused casualties and direct economic losses, the cause of the accident and the nature of the accident, the determination of responsibility for the accident, as well as those responsible for the accident treatment recommendations, accident prevention and corrective measures. After the accident investigation report is submitted to the people's government in charge of the accident investigation, the accident investigation work is completed. Accident investigation of the relevant information should be archived and preserved.
Well today my introduction is here, I hope to help you! If you like remember to share with friends around Oh!
What are the basics of production safety Related articles :
★ What are the basics of production safety?
★ What are the basics of work safety
★ What are the basics of work safety? (3)
★ What are the basics of work safety
★ What are the short answer questions on work safety?
★ What is the complete list of safety knowledge
★ What are the basics of safety? (2)
★ What is the knowledge of safety? What do you need to pay attention to?
★ Workplace safety training content
★ Workplace safety knowledge popularization! What you must know about work safety!
var _hmt = _hmt || []; (function() { var hm = document.createElement("script"); hm.src = "/hm.js?1fc3c5445c1ba79cfc8b2d8178c3c5dd"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s); })();