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1. The object of information management is information resources and information activities
(1) information resources
It is an organism of information producers, information, and information technology. The fundamental purpose of information management is to control the flow of information and realize the utility and value of information. However, information is not always a resource, to make it become a resource and realize its utility and value, we must use the "human" intelligence and information technology and other means. Therefore, "human" is the main body of controlling information resources and coordinating information activities, which is the main element, and the process of collecting, storing, transmitting, processing and utilizing information activities cannot be separated from the support of information technology. Without the strong role of information technology, it is impossible to realize effective information management. As information activities are essentially for the production, transmission and utilization of information resources, information resources are one of the objects and results of information activities. Information producers, information, information technology, three elements to form an organic whole - information resources, is the basic elements that constitute any information system, is one of the research object of information management.
(2) information activities
It refers to the human society around the formation of information resources, transmission and utilization of management activities and service activities. The formation stage of information resources is characterized by information generation, recording, collection, transmission, storage, processing and other activities, the purpose is to form information resources that can be used. The development and utilization stage of information resources is characterized by activities such as transmission, retrieval, analysis, selection, absorption, evaluation and utilization of information resources, with the aim of realizing the value of information resources and achieving the purpose of information management. Simply managing information resources and ignoring the information activities closely linked to information resources, the research object of information management is not comprehensive.
2. Information management is a management activity
The basic functions of management activities "planning, organizing, leading, controlling" is still the basic functions of information management activities, but the basic functions of information management is more targeted.
3. Information management is a social scale activity
It reflects the universality and social nature of information management activities. It is a universal information acquisition, control and utilization activity involving a wide range of social individuals, groups and countries.
Information product management (micro): information collection, whole sequence, analysis, circulation of information products
Information system management (meso): design, implementation and evaluation, security management, information resource allocation, etc.
Information industry management (macro): industrial structure and testing, mechanism and management mode of information service industry, industrial policy and information legislation, social informatization.
-- Yue Jianbo. Fundamentals of Information Management. Tsinghua University Press, 1999
Application Fields of Network Technology
The application fields of network technology are wide, mainly in the following areas.
Distributed supercomputing Distributed supercomputing will be distributed in different locations of the supercomputer with a high-speed network connection, and with network middleware software "glue" up to form a single supercomputer than a much more powerful computing platform.
Distributed instrumentation system Distributed instrumentation system uses the network to manage the valuable instrumentation system distributed in various places, providing the means of remote access to the instrumentation, improving the utilization rate of the instrumentation, and facilitating the use of the user.
Data-intensive computing Parallel computing technology is often driven by a number of computationally intensive applications, especially those with a great challenge nature, greatly facilitating research in the areas of high-performance parallel architectures, programming environments, and large-scale visualization. Data-intensive computing applications are much more computationally intensive than computationally intensive applications, and it corresponds to data networks that are more focused on data storage, transmission, and processing, and computational networks that are more focused on computational power enhancement. Leading the way in this area is the DataGrid project at CERN, which aims to process the petabytes of experimental data generated by the Large Hadron Collider, which was completed in 2005.
Remote immersion This is a special type of networked virtual reality environment. It is a realistic reflection of reality or history, visualizing the results of high-performance computing or databases. "Immersion" means that people can be fully integrated into it: participants from all over the world gather in the same virtual space through the network, and can both roam at will and communicate with each other, as well as interact with the virtual environment to make it change. Dozens of tele-immersion applications have been developed, including virtual history museums and collaborative learning environments. Remote immersion can be widely used in interactive scientific visualization, education, training, art, entertainment, industrial design, information visualization, and many other fields.
Information Integration Networks initially emerged as integrated heterogeneous computing platforms, and then moved into the realm of distributed mass data processing. Information network through a unified information exchange architecture and a large number of middleware, to provide users with "information at hand" type of service. Network information integration will be more used in business, distributed in the world of applications and a variety of information through the network can be seamlessly integrated and communication, thus forming a new business opportunities.
Information integration, such as information networks, service networks, knowledge networks, etc., is a popular application direction of the network in recent years. 2002, the Globus Alliance and IBM in the Global Network Forum released an open Web services architecture and its detailed specifications, the Globus standard and support for commercial World Wide Web services standards together. 2004, the Globus Alliance, IBM and Hewlett-Packard (HPC). In 2004, the Globus Alliance, IBM and Hewlett-Packard (HP) and other jointly released a new draft of the network standards, the open network services architecture detailed specification I into six specifications for the extension of the World Wide Web services, network services have been completely integrated with the World Wide Web services, marking the advent of the era of commercialization of the network.
Standards are key to the development of network technology. Just as the TCP/IP protocol is at the heart of the Internet, building network computing requires defining the core -- standard protocols and services. A number of standardization groups are currently active. So far, although there is no formal standard for network computing, but in the core technology, the relevant organizations and enterprises have reached a consensus, by the United States Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Southern California School of Information Sciences, developed in cooperation with the Globus computing tools software has become the actual standard for network computing, there have been 12 famous computer and software vendors announced that they will use the Globus computing tools software. As an open architecture and open standards infrastructure, Globus Computing Tools provides many of the basic services needed to build network applications, such as security, resource discovery, resource management, data access, and so on. All major web projects are currently based on the protocols and services provided by Globus Computing Tools.
Besides standards, security and manageability, and the lack of talent is an issue that needs to be addressed urgently for networked computing, otherwise it will not become a commercial architecture for the enterprise. Many more issues need to be resolved before commercial applications can truly be realized. Even so, the prospect of building a global network is irresistible.