History
Tatarstan was inhabited by humans during the Paleolithic Age about 100,000 years ago. From the end of the 9th century to the beginning of the 10th century, the Turkic tribes established the first country of Bugaria in Tatarstan. In 922, Islam was designated as the state religion in Bugaria. In 1236, Bugaria was incorporated into the Mongol Empire and later became part of the Golden Horde. From the 13th to the 15th century, the Mongols who moved westward and most of the Turkic tribes who were incorporated into the Golden Horde combined with each other in language and culture to form the Tatar nation. From the 15th to the 16th century, the Golden Horde split into Kazan Khanate, Astrakhan Khanate, Crimean Khanate, Siberian Khanate and other countries. Tatarstan belonged to Kazan Khanate. In 1552, Ivan IV destroyed the Kazan Khanate and Tatarstan was incorporated into Tsarist Russia. In 1708, Tatarstan was annexed to Kazan Province. During the Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union, the Russians adopted a policy of differentiation and assimilation towards the Tatars. On May 27, 1920, the Autonomous Republic of Tatar was established in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and was the only autonomous Republic of Tatars in Russia. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the political situation in the Soviet Union was violently turbulent, and the alliance was facing disintegration. On August 30, 1990, Tatarstan issued a declaration of sovereignty and changed the country's name to the "United States of Tatarstan" in the hope of breaking away from the Soviet Union. and Russia's independence, declaring that except for national defense, all other rights belong to the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, separatist forces in Tatarstan expanded. Those who wanted to leave the Russian Federation launched a referendum on March 21, 1992. As a result, those who wanted independence accounted for 10% of all voters in Tatarstan. 61.4. In order to stop the national separatist movement, Russian President Yeltsin launched the Chechen War, tried to stop the separatist movement by force, and signed the first bilateral decentralization treaty with Tatarstan, peacefully dividing interests and scope of authority in the form of a treaty, and restricting local separatist tendencies. Overspread. On February 15, 1994, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan signed the "Treaty on the Division of Jurisdiction and Mutual Authorization between the State Power Agencies of the Russian Federation and the State Power Agencies of Tatarstan". The treaty stipulates that Tatarstan As a country united with the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tatarstan can participate in international relations and foreign economic relations, and enjoys privileges in taxation, finance, etc. This treaty gave Tatarstan powers beyond those provided for in the Russian constitution, effectively making Tatarstan a country with special status and privileges within the Russian Federation. On August 30, 2005, the Republic of Tatarstan celebrated the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Kazan. President Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation and guests from various countries participated in the celebrations.