Can you get AIDS from scaling?

According to oral medicine experts, 80 to 90 percent of dental patients in the scaling or filling with bleeding gums, to the previous patient scaling or filling head if the disinfection is not thorough, then there is a real possibility that the disease will be transmitted to the next patient through the head of the residual blood. A medical expert told reporters that HIV exists in human saliva, blood and other body fluids, leaving the body fluids can easily die. If exposed to sunlight for 1 minute, the virus will be killed. And the higher the temperature, the shorter the survival time. Although HIV is very "delicate", if sterilization is not strict, HIV hides in the grooves and crevices of the dental head, who can guarantee that the virus can not be transmitted through scaling and filling? Hepatitis B virus is even more likely to be transmitted. According to the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention of doctors, hepatitis B virus is more "stubborn", in 30 ℃ serum can survive 6 months, in 130 ℃ above the high temperature of 10 minutes to kill it. Moreover, don't think that the hepatitis B vaccine can be "insulated" against the hepatitis B virus, due to a part of the people do not produce antibodies, even if the injection of hepatitis B vaccine, the chances of infection of hepatitis B is still about 10% to 20%. So scaling and filling can transmit the hepatitis B virus? The reporter then interviewed the sterilization department of the center. Here, the doctor of this issue is very secretive, said that they have not received due to dental cleaning and filling cases of hepatitis B infection, but they also recognized that the spread of blood-borne diseases is an important channel, is dental treatment. Reporters were on a number of private clinics, community hospitals and regular hospitals for unannounced visits. In a small clinic, the reporter pointed to just finished a handful of dental scaling machine head asked the nurse, which can be sterilized above the blood stains clean? The nurse even said, "These blood stains take a water wash is not clean?" Blood and saliva can be washed away with water, so the bacteria in the blood can be rinsed away with water alone? The nurse's medical knowledge really makes the reporter worried. According to the Beijing Dental Association, a complete set of disinfection equipment, at least two to three million yuan, more than hundreds of thousands of yuan, not counting the disinfection of the liquid used, labor costs. Not many patients come to small clinics, so small clinics generally do not put a lot of sterilization costs. Moreover, it is difficult to monitor the sterilization of medical institutions such as private clinics and community hospitals. Small clinics can not guarantee the sterilization, so how do regular hospitals do? The reporter recently visited the capital of a well-known tertiary hospital. According to the reporter's understanding, this hospital **** have dental machine head about 1000. And the hospital's daily reception of patients reached 2,000 people. So, how to squeeze out the extra time of these 1000 patients? Reporters in the dental office to see, the previous patient finished the head, and not from the machine unloaded to take away the sterilization, but only by a nurse with a cotton ball in the head wiped twice, the next patient is still followed by the use of the head. Let the reporter is puzzled, a chair is clearly equipped with three "machine head", but in the reporter observed more than an hour, the two machine head has been in the "rest", the doctor only tightly with a machine head. Reporters outside the clinic asked a doctor: "so many patients, how can we guarantee the sterilization time?" The doctor said, if there are too many people, you can only use iodine to do basic disinfection of the head. The reporter asked, with povidone-iodine can completely disinfect? The doctor smiled and did not answer, no comment. According to a dental hospital dentist said, filling the high-speed turbine in the operation will produce a "suction" force, the patient's blood sucked into the cavity of the head. Scaling and other dental head of the internal crevice is also inevitable into the patient's saliva, blood, etc.. Disinfection with iodophor can achieve a more thorough disinfection of the surface of the head, but the germs in the cavity of the probe are out of reach. If the sterilization is not strict enough, when the probe into the mouth of the next patient, the cavity has not been cleaned up saliva and blood will be sprayed directly into the patient's mouth. It seems that some hospitals and clinics can not do strict disinfection, then, how to disinfect in order to eliminate the virus infection? Peking University Stomatological Hospital Clinic Wang told reporters that the strict disinfection procedures have to be "slow and careful work". First of all, to the patient used head to be removed from the machine, and then to the sterilization room for hot cleaning. Generally at this stage, HIV can be completely killed. After the initial cleaning to let the head "rest" for a while, placed in a special instrument drip oil maintenance, and then encapsulated. Finally, the encapsulated head is put into a pre-vacuum autoclave to evacuate the water and impurities in the head cavity, repeated three times. Then do the sterilization process under the high temperature of 134℃ for 30 minutes. After this set of procedures, what hepatitis A ah, hepatitis B ah can be completely killed. The whole process of at least 30 minutes, so that the sterilization out of the head to achieve a truly "sterile". Why are some hospitals unable to implement strict sterilization procedures? Simply put, the hospital can not afford the high cost of sterilization. Reporters learned that the cost of disinfection of a machine head for 2 yuan. The $2 includes disinfectant, maintenance oil and labor costs. The big hospital that the reporter interviewed above has 1,000 machine heads. If all of them are disinfected, the hospital will have to pay $2,000 per day for the disinfection cost. That's $60,000 a month! That's $720,000 a year! This is not to mention that the disinfection of machine head wear and tear, will reduce the service life of the machine head, the hospital will have to buy additional machine head. And each head is expensive, a good head to four or five thousand dollars, the cheap is also about 1,000 yuan. All these costs are added up, the hospital how to eat? Therefore, under such a heavy burden of individual hospitals, it is natural to think of reducing the cost of disinfection tricks.1000 machine head with iodine, alcohol and other wipe disinfection, of course, the cost will be greatly reduced. Moreover, in the use of less can be used less, can not be used, and strive to minimize the cost of disinfection and wear and tear of these machine heads. (The reporter now also understands the unannounced visit to the doctor why tightly a handful of machine head to make the reason.) ■ How to disinfect the health sector has standards But the question is, if the hospital without authorization in the disinfection "cutting corners", not afraid of violating the industry's relevant disinfection "norms" and "standards"? In the "Hospital Infection Management Code (for trial implementation)" in the provisions of some surgical instruments and items such as preferred pressure steam sterilization. For the sterilization of dental instruments, physical sterilization should be used as much as possible, and hospitals with the conditions can be equipped with rapid pressure steam sterilizers. Specification of "try to use", "preferred", "conditions" and other terms so that hospitals have the opportunity to choose. That is to say, whether to use iodophor or steam sterilization can depend on the "conditions", in the "no conditions" to use iodophor disinfection method is not a violation of the norms and regulations. Because of the huge differences in the current domestic hospital medical conditions, but also because the "norms" is a general rule, not strictly detailed to each hospital in each step of the disinfection process, so that, at present, "no conditions" of the dental clinic in the specific disinfection operation is not a "violation" operation. "Violation" of the operation, the disregard for safety hazards there is no "responsibility". In the face of such a status quo, many patients may be more panic. Some patients suggested that as long as the hospital to disinfect the head clean, so that we feel a little more secure, we would rather spend double the money! Obviously, some hospitals are difficult to meet the needs of patients. But the reporter in some "foreign-funded" hospitals have seen "alternative" services. In Beijing, a foreign-funded medical center, the reporter saw the international standard of service process. Patients here can already "one person, one machine". The so-called "one person, one machine", does not mean that each patient has their own a machine head, but refers to a patient with a machine head, the machine head immediately be sent to high temperature and high pressure sterilization. The head used by the patient for each scaling and filling must be the head that has not been opened and encapsulated after sterilization. The head nurse told reporters that the machine head used here is first soaked in liquid medicine. Imported liquid "Micro10" (Micro10) soaked for 30 minutes, and then put into the high-temperature and high-pressure disinfection pot for thorough disinfection. In fact, the center's dental head is not much, *** there are 4 chairs, a chair equipped with 4 heads, and there are also 4 sets of scalers. However, by controlling the flow of different types of patients, the center staggers the consultation time of different patients to ensure that the machine heads have sufficient time to be sterilized, so that the medical equipment can be used reasonably. Because of the strict sterilization, dental cleanings here can cost as much as $40 to $50.