Aquaculture production requires certain mechanical equipment. The higher the degree of mechanization, the greater the role of aquaculture production. At present, the main aquaculture production equipment are oxygenation equipment, feeding equipment, drainage and irrigation equipment, substrate improvement equipment, water quality monitoring and control equipment, catching equipment, power transportation equipment.
(1) Oxygenation equipment
Oxygenation equipment is essential for aquaculture farms, especially in high-density farming, oxygenator for improving the breeding yield, improve the efficiency of farming plays a big role. Commonly used oxygenation equipment includes impeller type oxygenator, waterwheel type oxygenator, jet type oxygenator, inhalation type oxygenator, vortex type oxygenator, oxygen pump, microporous aeration device and so on. With the continuous improvement of breeding demand and oxygenator technology, many new types of oxygenators continue to appear, such as surge spray type oxygenator, spray type oxygenator.
①Impeller type oxygenator. The impeller type oxygenator is a kind of oxygenating equipment which is driven by the motor to rotate the impeller and stir up the water body, and dissolve the air and the oxygen of the upper water surface in the water body. The impeller oxygenator has the comprehensive functions of oxygenation, water stirring and aeration, and is the most widely used oxygenation equipment. Impeller type oxygenator is to push the flow of the oxygenator as the center of the circular expansion movement, more suitable for short and wide ponds. General fish ponds can be 0.5 ~ 1 kilowatts per mu equipped with impeller type oxygenator.
② Waterwheel aerator. Waterwheel aerator is the use of both sides of the blade stirring the water surface water, so that it increases the contact area with the air and increase the dissolved oxygen in the water body of a kind of oxygenation equipment. The impeller of the waterwheel-type oxygenator movement track is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, pushing the flow along the length and width of the DC movement and diffusion, is more suitable for the use of long and narrow fish coils and the need to form a pond when the use of water flow. Its biggest feature is that it can cause directional water flow in the breeding pond, which is convenient to meet the needs of special fish breeding and clean up the sediments. Generally, the waterwheel-type aerator can be equipped with a power of 0.7 kilowatts per mu.
3 jet aerator. Jet type oxygenator is also called jet self-priming oxygenator, is a use of jet to increase the water exchange and dissolved oxygen oxygen equipment. Compared with other oxygenators, it has the characteristics of simple structure, forming water flow and stirring the water body. It can make the water body gently increase oxygen without damaging the fish body, and is suitable for the use of fish fry pond oxygenation. The disadvantage is that the price of the equipment is relatively high, and the cost of using it is also high.
4 inhalation oxygenator. The working principle of the inhalation type oxygenator is to absorb air through the negative pressure, and send the air into the water and the water to form a vortex mixing, and then push the water forward for oxygenation, it has a strong mixing force, especially for the lower layer of the water oxygenation ability is stronger than the impeller type oxygenator. It is more suitable for ponds with deeper water.
5 vortex aerator. Vortex oxygenator by the motor, air pressure transmitter, hollow tube, exhaust paddle and floating device. The motor shaft is a hollow tube shaft, directly connected to the air pressure transmitter and exhaust paddles, air can be sent into the lower and middle water to form a mixture of air and water, high-speed rotation to form a vortex so that the upper and lower water exchange. The vortex aerator has no deceleration structure, small self-weight, low noise, reasonable structure, and high oxygenation efficiency. Mainly used in the north under the ice water body oxygenation.
6 oxygenating pump. Oxygen pump is the use of alternating current to produce a change in the magnetic poles, push the pole with a fixed magnetic pole vibration, in the fixed magnetic pole pole with a rubber bowl at the end of the pole, the pole in the vibration at the same time will be compressed and pumped out of the air, the compressed air through the conduit at the end of the bubble stone is divided into countless small bubbles, which increases the contact area with the water and increase the rate of dissolution of oxygen. It has a lightweight, easy to operate and a single oxygenation function, generally suitable for water depth of 0.7 meters below, the area of 0.6 acres below the fish fry cultivation pool or greenhouse breeding pool.
7 microporous aeration device. Microporous aeration device is a use of compressors and polymer microporous aeration tube matching the aeration and oxygenation device. Aeration tubes are generally laid at the bottom of the pond, compressed air escapes through the microporous to form fine bubbles, increasing the air-water contact area of the water body, with the rise of the bubbles, can be the water body in the lower water body feces, debris, bait, as well as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other toxic gases out of the water surface. Microporous aeration device has the characteristics of improving the water environment, dissolved oxygen uniformity, less water disturbance. Microporous aeration device is particularly suitable for shrimp, crab and other crustacean species of culture.
(2) feeding equipment
Feeding equipment is the use of mechanical, electronic, automatic control and other principles made of feed feeding equipment. Feeding machine has to improve the feeding quality, save time, save labor and other characteristics, has become an important aquaculture equipment for aquaculture farms. At present, the more widely used is the automatic timing and quantitative feeding machine. Feeding machine generally use the motor to drive the turntable, rely on centrifugal force to throw the feed in the breeding pool.
(3) Irrigation and drainage equipment
Irrrigation and drainage equipment are mainly water pumps, water trucks and other equipment. Water pump is the main farm irrigation equipment, aquaculture farms use the main types of pumps: axial flow pumps, centrifugal pumps, submersible pumps, pipeline pumps and so on.
Water pumps in aquaculture is not only used for pond water intake and drainage, flood control and drainage, water conveyance, etc., in the regulation of water level, water temperature, water exchange and oxygenation also has a great role. There are many models and specifications of water pumps for aquaculture, and the selection must be made according to the conditions of use. Axial pump flow, suitable for lower head, water transfer in the case of larger use. Centrifugal pumps have a higher head, more suitable for water transmission over a longer distance. Submersible pumps are easy to install and use, and are more suitable for use in cases where the volume of water is not very large.
(4) substrate improvement equipment
Pond substrate is the pond ecosystem in the material warehouse, pond substrate physical and chemical reaction directly affects the breeding pond water quality and growth of farmed fish, should be based on the pond sedimentation using appropriate equipment for substrate treatment. Substrate improvement equipment is a class of pond bottom sediment treatment machinery and equipment, is divided into two types of drainage operations and non-drainage operations. Drainage operations machinery mainly vertical slurry pumps, hydraulic dredging unit, disc harrow, crusher, plow, etc.; not drainage operations machinery mainly underwater dredging machine.
①Vertical mud pump. Vertical slurry pump is a use of a single suction centrifugal pump directly pumping the bottom of the silt dredging equipment, mainly for dredging ponds or excavation of soil, can also be used for slurry fodder, manure draw, with handling, easy to install, anti-clogging effect is good.
②hydraulic dredging unit. Hydraulic dredging unit is a simulation of the principle of natural water flushing, by means of hydraulic continuous completion of the dredging, soil transfer and other processes of dredging equipment. Hydraulic dredging unit has a simple structure, reliable performance, high efficiency, low cost, strong adaptability. In the pond bottom mud removal, fish pond renovation use more.
(5) water quality testing equipment
Aquatic farms should generally be equipped with the necessary water quality testing equipment, mainly for the daily testing of pond water quality. Water quality testing equipment has portable water quality testing equipment and online monitoring system.
①Portable water quality testing equipment. Portable water quality testing equipment is lightweight and convenient, easy to carry. Suitable for field use, can continuously analyze and determine some of the pond water quality physical and chemical indicators, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, redox potential, temperature. Aquaculture farms generally should be equipped with portable water quality monitoring instruments, in order to grasp the pond water quality changes in a timely manner, to provide a basis for decision-making for aquaculture production.
②Online monitoring system. Pond water quality monitoring system generally consists of electrochemical analysis probe, data acquisition module, configuration software with distributed centralized control of the input and output modules, as well as oxygenators, feeders and other components. Multi-parameter water quality sensor can continuously and automatically monitor dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, pH, COD and other parameters. Detection of water samples generally use sampling pumps, passed through the pipeline to the sensor detection, data transmission mode has two forms of wireless or wired, water quality data through the centralized control of the industrial computer for information analysis and storage, information display using a large LCD screen to display real-time data on the water quality of the detection point.
Feedback control system is mainly through the preparation of the program to manage the data required by the management personnel input to the control system, the control system through the circuit to control the oxygen or feeding.
(6) catching equipment
The catching equipment is used for pond fish catching operations, catching equipment has the characteristics of labor saving, improve fishing efficiency. Pond catching equipment mainly has a net enclosure catching equipment, mobile catching equipment, trapping equipment, electric fishing equipment, ultrasonic fishing equipment and so on. At present, the main application in the pond is trapping equipment, mobile trapping equipment.
(7) power, transportation equipment
Aquatic farms should be equipped with the necessary backup power generation equipment and transportation. Especially in the power infrastructure is not good in the region, the farm needs to be equipped to meet the emergency needs of power generation equipment, in order to cope with power shortages in the production of life emergency needs. Aquaculture farms need to be equipped with a certain number of tractors, transportation vehicles to meet the production needs.