1, according to the self-storage of the tonnage of goods, the daily amount of incoming and outgoing shipments and the size of the building to determine the size of the cold storage (length × width × height) to determine the specifications of the size of the library door, the door opening direction of the installation of the cold storage environment should be clean and dry, Ventilation.
2, according to the items stored, choose to determine the temperature of the library fresh storage: +5 - 5 ℃, refrigerated frozen: 0 - 18 ℃, low temperature storage: -18 - 30 ℃).
3, according to the characteristics of their own buildings and the local water supply, the choice of refrigerator refrigeration, generally air-cooled and water-cooled. (Refrigerator is air-cooled users only need to choose the placement of the user can, refrigerator is water-cooled users also need to configure the pool or deep well, circulating water piping and pumps, cooling tower placement).
1. What is the cold storage fresh storage
Storage of fresh or called fresh storage, its main content is fresh, that is, for a longer period of time, to maximize the maintenance of some of the original quality and freshness of agricultural products, that is, fresh agricultural products, fresh storage for a period of time after the fresh storage, is still freshly picked or close to the freshly picked fresh state and quality.
2. temperature and fresh storage of agricultural products
Agricultural products after picking, is still a living body, in the storage process it has to maintain life, we have to break the consumption of their own storage nutrients, and thus gradually lose the nutritive value and fresh quality. In addition, pests will also take the stored nutrients of the agricultural products as food, which will cause the agricultural products to rot and deteriorate, and lose the freshness and edible value. Temperature is the most important factor that affects how to preserve the nutritional and freshness qualities of the harvested produce. Generally speaking, the lower the temperature, the less nutrients are consumed, the worse the pests and diseases are, and the longer the freshness is maintained. At the same time, the smaller the temperature change, the better the preservation effect. Fresh temperature is not unlimited low, because the temperature is low enough to the product can not stand, will also occur when the cold or frost damage. So the preservation of storage requires a relatively stable low temperature conditions. Most agricultural products optimal freshness temperature is about 0 ℃.
3. Maintain the optimal temperature of agricultural products preservation and storage
Temperature is with the seasons of the year and the time of day constantly changing, most of the agricultural products of the regular cultivation and harvesting season, the temperature is high, and the diurnal amplitude of the day and night is very large, extremely inappropriate for the product of the preservation of fresh storage. Many simple way is to find a natural temperature is relatively low and stable place to store agricultural products, to extend the freshness of the product, such as caves, earth cellar, back of the shade, etc., these methods, can not arbitrarily control the temperature, the preservation effect is poor, the preservation of freshness is also relatively short. Really want to press the product long-term freshness storage requirements of the temperature, the ultimate solution is still to rely on artificial manufacture of a relatively stable low-temperature conditions, that is, through mechanical equipment and electronic instruments, within a certain range, you can artificially control the temperature, a variety of common cold storage, is such a facility.
4. What is a cold storage
Cold storage, generally refers to a variety of equipment refrigeration, can be artificially controlled and maintain a stable low-temperature facilities. Its basic components are: refrigeration system; electronic control devices; a certain degree of insulation performance of the warehouse; accessory buildings and so on.
The refrigeration system mainly includes a variety of refrigeration equipment, refrigeration equipment is the heart of the cold storage, it creates cold, to ensure the supply of cold sources in the warehouse. The electronic control device is the brain of the cold storage, it commands the refrigeration system to ensure the supply of cold.
With a certain degree of thermal insulation properties of the depot, is the storage of fresh agricultural products, its role is to maintain the stability of the low-temperature environment, the insulation properties are usually said to be heat preservation. Treasury good thermal insulation and heat preservation structure, can maximize the maintenance of refrigeration equipment manufacturing cold in the library less leakage to the outside, and conversely, is to minimize the library outside the heat leakage to the library, which is the main difference between the cold storage and general housing.
5. Cold storage types and countryside origin of the choice of construction
China's cold storage more types, classification lack of uniform standards. According to the origin of commonly used types are briefly described as follows:
(1) according to the size of the library capacity classification of large, medium and small points. General information on the commercial large and medium-sized library, library capacity are on the large side. According to the current cold storage in China's origin are relatively small features as well as the customary name of the masses, the capacity of more than 1,000 tons of library known as large-scale library, 1,000 tons of the following, more than 100 tons of library known as medium-sized library, 100 tons of the following library known as small library. Origin of the countryside is most suitable for building 10 tons to 100 tons of small cold storage.
(2) according to the refrigerant used in the refrigerator can be divided into ammonia and fluorine mechanism cold ammonia library and fluorine mechanism cold fluorine library, the countryside to build a small cold storage can be used to build a high degree of automation of the fluorine library.
(3) According to the temperature of the cold storage of low and high temperature library, fruit and vegetable preservation library is generally a high-temperature library, the lowest temperature -2 ℃. Aquatic and meat preservation library is a low-temperature library, the temperature is below -18 ℃.
(4) According to the form of cold distributor in the cold storage tube cold storage and chiller cold storage. Fruit and vegetable preservation generally use chiller cold storage, commonly known as cold wind library.
(5) according to the warehouse building is divided into civil cold storage, assembly cold storage and civil assembly composite cold storage. Civil engineering cold storage is generally sandwich wall insulation structure, covers an area of large, long construction period, the early cold storage is this way. Assembly cold storage is prefabricated insulation board assembly type of warehouse, its construction period is short, can be disassembled, but the investment is larger. Civil assembly composite cold storage, the load-bearing and peripheral structure of the warehouse is the form of civil construction, thermal insulation structure is polyurethane spray foam or polystyrene foam board assembly form. Among them, polystyrene foam board insulation civil assembly composite cold storage is the most economical and applicable, is the first choice of the form of cold storage in the origin.
6. Small cold storage refrigeration equipment
Cold storage refrigeration equipment is the heart of the cold storage, very important, a cold storage operation is good or bad, the most critical condition is the refrigeration equipment. The main body of the refrigeration equipment is the refrigerator, it has a variety of refrigerant according to the ammonia machine and fluorine machine two kinds. And some fluorine machine is a variety of refrigerant common model, advanced fluorine machine more use of refrigerant R22 and other new refrigerants with small impact on the environment. Fluorine machine is generally small size, low noise, safe and reliable, high degree of automation, wide range of applications, suitable for small cold storage in the countryside. Refrigerator and condenser and other equipment together often called refrigeration units, refrigeration units have water-cooled units and air-cooled units. Small cold storage to air-cooled unit for the preferred form, it is simple, compact, easy to install, easy to operate, less ancillary equipment and other advantages. Refrigeration unit of the refrigerator is the heart of the refrigeration equipment, the common compression type refrigerator has open, semi-closed and fully closed type. Totally enclosed compressor is small, low noise, low power consumption, high efficiency and energy saving. It is the first choice of the majority of small rural cold storage model, the air-cooled refrigeration unit composed of hermetic compressor-based, can be made into a split air conditioning like the form, hanging on the wall mounted. Now on the market better hermetic refrigeration compressor, imported from developed countries or Sino-foreign joint venture product quality is more reliable, but the price is relatively high compared to the domestic machine to be more than 50%.
7. The countryside to build a small cold storage benefits of rural origin to build 10 tons to 20 tons of small cold storage is most suitable for small cold storage investment of 20,000 yuan to 40,000 yuan or so, is generally acceptable to farmers in the range. This small cold storage unit capacity is small, easy to control, easy access to the warehouse, a product is easy to store full, rapid cooling, stable temperature, low power consumption, high degree of automation, like home air conditioning and refrigerator as easy to manage. More than one of these small cold storage built together to form a small cold storage group, the total capacity can reach hundreds of tons, thousands of tons of scale, its total investment and the same size of medium and large cold storage similar. But it can preserve more products and varieties, according to its different preservation temperature requirements, can realize any separate control, which is a large-capacity cold storage is not easy to do. In short, the flexibility of small cold storage group, operability, automation, energy saving effect and business effect is much better than the medium and large cold storage.
8. recommend several modern small cold storage
(1) civil assembly composite small cold air library civil assembly composite small cold air library is a new type of research and construction of Shandong Province Fruit Tree Research Institute cold storage, its walls and covers are brick, masonry, brick or brick mixed structure, thermal insulation and heat preservation structure is the civil construction of the house on the inner wall of the thermal insulation and heat preservation materials. The capacity of 100 tons or less, on behalf of the library type is TZFX-10Q and TZFX-20Q. build a standard TZFX-10Q civil assembly composite small cold air library, design capacity of 10 tons, 60 cubic meters of volume, polystyrene insulation panels based on the economy of the insulation project of 7000 yuan About, refrigeration works about 20000 yuan, all works including construction costs, installation costs, delivery of a normal operation of the library within 27000 yuan. A 20-ton TZFX-20Q of civil assembly composite small cold air library of 110 cubic meters or so, economic insulation works more than 10,000 yuan, refrigeration works less than 30,000 yuan, the total cost of the project 40,000 yuan or so. The above 10 tons, 20 tons of the two library type does not include the civil part of the house, the civil construction of the house is a general civil housing, no windows, only leave the doorway. 10 tons of the library is a larger civil housing, 20 tons of the library is 2 through the room civil housing. The standards and costs of new construction vary from place to place. Here the requirements of the private house to be lower than the residential housing construction costs, because it is not formal, do not need to decorate, as long as no leakage of the wind and rain, strong and reliable can be. Sprayed with polyurethane insulation project cost more than 40% higher than the polystyrene board economy.TZFX series of civil assembly of small cold air storage, configured with FGWQ series of hangers, 10 tons with FGWQ-301 or 302; 20 tons configured with FGWQ-501 or 502.High-efficiency, low-noise, fully automated operation.
(2) TZTZ series cylinder room automation cold storage Shandong Province Fruit Tree Research Institute research and construction of another new type of cold storage, it is a single capacity of more than 50 tons, more than hanging type cold storage. TZTZ series of cylinder room automation cold storage of the building form is 3 meters wide ~ 4 meters, more than 20 meters long, each end of a door, or 1 side of the door to stay 2 or more. Simple and economical building is 240 brick wall plus floor roof form. Through the inter-warehouse blocked windows and redundant doors, can also be transformed into a silo room automation cold storage. The heat preservation structure of the automated cold storage of the silo room is the same as that of the TZFX series cold storage, which can take the economic form of multi-layer polystyrene foam board composite assembly. The refrigeration equipment of the automated cold storage of the silo room is FGWQ series of hangers, which does not need a special machine room, and a number of hangers and the electric control box are hung on the side of the storehouse. Each hanging machine and the chiller in the warehouse is an independent system, and the power consumption can be easily adjusted by setting the number of working units of the hanging machine, for example, when concentrating in the warehouse, all the hanging machines will be put into work to cool down the temperature rapidly; during the stage of maintenance of the warehouse temperature and the low-temperature season, some of the hanging machines can be chosen to be put into work, which will reduce the power consumption and lower the running cost. The silo automated cold storage can be used as a pre-cooling workshop to cool the products quickly, one end of the incoming goods, the other end of the shipment, to realize the flow of operation. Together, otherwise, the watermelon will become soft earlier and shorten the freshness time.