Three full
"Three full" - refers to the management of total quality, all processes and by all participants.
1. Management of total quality
When we talked about quality in the past, we often referred to product quality, which includes performance, life, reliability and safety, the so-called narrow concept of quality. Of course, product quality is very important. However, product quality is good, if the manufacturing cost is high, the sales price is expensive, the user is not welcome. Even if the product quality is very good, the cost is also low, but also must be delivered in a timely manner and attentive service, in order to be truly welcomed by the user. Therefore, an enterprise must grasp the quality of the product at the same time, to grasp the cost of quality, delivery quality and service quality. All of these quality is the so-called broad concept of quality, that is, total quality. Visible, quality management must be the whole content of this broad quality management.
Product quality + cost + delivery + service = total quality
2. Management of the whole process
How is the product formed? It is the whole process that includes a series of activities of the enterprise. This process includes market research, research, design, trial production, process and tooling design and manufacturing, raw material supply, manufacturing, inspection and sales service. The user's opinion and feedback to the enterprise to improve, this whole process can be regarded as a circular process. It can be seen that the improvement of product quality depends on the entire process of improving the quality of each link in the work, therefore, the quality management must be such a full process of each link is managed.
3. Management by the participation of all personnel
The quality of the product is good or bad, is a comprehensive reflection of the many links and work of the enterprise. Each link of each job involves people. Enterprise personnel, whether it is the front or the back, is the workshop or section, there is no one who does not have a direct or indirect relationship with product quality. Everyone attaches importance to product quality, all from their own work to find factors related to product quality, and to improve, product quality will continue to improve. Therefore, quality management, everyone is responsible. Only everyone is concerned about quality, are highly responsible for quality, product quality can have a real improvement and guarantee. Therefore, quality management must be managed by all personnel.
Four everything
"Four everything"--that is, everything for the sake of the user, everything to prevention, everything to data speak, all work according to the PDCA cycle.
1. Everything for the sake of the user - to establish the idea of quality first.
Product production is to meet the needs of users. Therefore, the enterprise should regard the user as the object of their own service, but also for the people to serve the specific content. In order to maintain the credibility of the product, we must establish the idea of quality first, in order to provide users with good quality and low-priced products at the same time, but also in a timely manner to provide users with technical services.
"The next process is the user", this slogan should be vigorously promoted and implemented in the enterprise. We know that each department of the enterprise, each person in the work of a before, after or on, under the relative relationship, there is a work service object. Work service object can be regarded as the next process. In the enterprise, the establishment of quality first thought is embodied in the better service for the next process of action.
2. Everything to prevention - good products are designed and produced.
The user requirements of enterprises, the most important is to ensure quality, how to understand the quality assurance? Currently there are two one-sided view is that the firm implementation of the "three packages" system can ensure quality; another view that as long as the inspection from the strict quality assurance. These views are a misunderstanding of quality assurance. Because of this kind of after-the-fact inspection, the quality assurance focus on the inspection can not be fundamentally quality assurance. Do not solve the problem of producing defective products, defective products are still produced, resulting in higher product costs. Since quality is not formed in one step, nor is it formed suddenly in the last process, but it is formed gradually. Therefore, it should be and may be controlled in the process, the factors affecting the production process control up, which is the past purely product inspection "after the fact check" of the negative "gatekeeper", change to "prevention-oriented", prevention, prevention and control of defective products is still the same, resulting in higher costs. Prevention-oriented", combined with prevention and inspection, the use of "ex ante control" of the positive "prevention". Obviously, the products produced in this way are naturally good. So, good products are designed and produced, not tested.
3. Everything with the data to speak - the use of statistical methods to deal with data
"Everything with the data to speak" is the use of data and facts to judge things, rather than judging things based on impressions.
Collecting data should have a clear purpose. In order to correctly explain the problem, data must be accumulated, the establishment of data files. After collecting data, it must be processed in order to tip out the things that contain regularity in the ponderous raw data. The first step in processing and organizing data is stratification. Stratification has special significance in total quality management, and must attract our attention. The basic method of analyzing the data is to draw a variety of statistical charts, such as: arrangement charts, cause and effect diagrams, histograms, management charts, scatter diagrams, statistical analysis tables and so on.
4. All work according to the PDCA cycle
We all know that people in order to make thinking activities organized, visualization, scientific, often with a variety of charts and graphs to assist the language of thinking, but also the need for advanced scientific thinking methods. PDCA cycle is the ideological approach to total quality management and the work of the steps by the United States of America. The PDCA cycle is a method of thinking and working procedure for total quality management, which was proposed by the American "Father of Statistical Quality Control", Hughart, but was also known as the "Deming Cycle" due to the fact that Dr. Deming, an American, adopted and publicized it (especially in Japan) to popularize the cycle. P is Plan, D is Do, C is Check, and A is Process. Any activity with a purpose and process can follow these four stages.
The first stage is planning, which includes guidelines, objectives, activity plans, and management projects.
The second stage is implementation, i.e., doing what the plan calls for.
The third stage is checking, which is to check whether it is done as specified, what is done right and what is not, what is effective and what is not, and to find out the reasons for anomalies.
The fourth stage is processing. That is, to affirm the successes and turn them into a standard. In the future, follow this standard. The lessons of failure should also be summarized, so that it becomes the standard to prevent recurrence in the future. Unresolved legacy issues are reflected in the next cycle.
Planning, implementation, inspection, handling of this process, constantly repeated, one cycle after another cycle, each cycle is given a new content, as if the wheel, turn once the work of a step forward.
The work of the whole enterprise should be carried out according to the PDCA cycle, the work of the enterprise departments, workshops, groups and individuals, but also according to the overall goal of the enterprise, the overall requirements, specifically formulate the unit and individual PDCA work cycle, forming a large set of small rings, a ring buckle a ring; small environmental protection ring, to promote the large circle.PDCA cycle as a scientific method of quality management, applicable to the enterprise All links, all aspects of the quality of work.
Total Quality Control (TQC) of the specific implementation
1, four stages:
Plan (Plan), implementation (Do), inspection (Check) and processing (Action). That is, the first to develop a work plan, and then implement, and check, check out the quality of the proposed improvement measures. These four stages are sequential, linked, head to tail, each executed once for a cycle, known as the PDCA cycle, each cycle relative to the previous cycle has an improvement.
2, eight steps:
Search for problems, identify the factors affecting, identify the important factors, put forward improvement measures, the implementation of measures, check the implementation of measures, the implementation of good measures to make it standardized, and to deal with the remaining problems.
3, fourteen tools:
In the implementation and checking phase of the plan, in order to analyze the problem, solve the problem, the use of fourteen tools (methods):
Layered method, arrangement diagram method, cause and effect analysis, histogram method, control chart method, correlation analysis diagram method, check the diagram method, the relationship between the diagram method, the KJ method, the systematic diagram method, the matrix diagram method, the matrix data analysis method, PDPC method and vector line diagram method. The first seven of these are traditional methods, and the last seven were created at a later date and are also called the new seven tools.