There are many ways to categorize cold storage, different classification methods can reflect the characteristics of cold storage from different angles. Cold storage can be categorized according to the size, use of temperature, structural form, the use of nature and so on;
Classification by size: The design scale of the cold storage room or ice storage nominal volume for the calculation standard, generally divided into large, medium and small. Nominal volume greater than 20,000 cubic meters for large cold storage; 20,000 ~ 5,000 cubic meters for medium-sized cold storage; less than 5,000 cubic meters for small cold storage;
by the use of temperature requirements classification:
Cooling library is also known as high-temperature library, the library temperature is generally controlled at not less than the freezing temperature of food juice, used for fruits and vegetables of food storage. Storage. Cooling library or cooling room to maintain the temperature is usually around 0 ℃, and the chiller to blow cooling;
Freezing library, also known as low-temperature cold storage, the library temperature is generally in the -20 ~ -30 ℃, through the chiller or a special freezing device to achieve the freezing of meat and food;
Cooling library, that is, cooling or freezing of the food storage library. It will be different temperatures of cooled food and frozen food at different temperatures in the cold storage and freezing room for short-term or long-term storage. Usually cooled food cold storage room to maintain the temperature of 4 ~ 2 ℃, mainly for the storage of fruits and vegetables and dairy eggs and other food: frozen food cold storage room to maintain the temperature of -18 ~ -25 ℃, for the storage of meat, fish, etc.;
By the structure of the form of classification:
The earth building type cold storage? This is currently building more of a cold storage, can be built into a single or multi-storey. The main body of the building - generally reinforced concrete frame structure or brick structure. The enclosure structure of the civil cold storage is a heavy structure, thermal inertia is large, day and night fluctuations in outdoor air temperature and the outer surface of the enclosure structure by solar radiation caused by the day and night temperature fluctuations in the enclosure structure attenuation is large, so the enclosure structure of the inner surface temperature fluctuations are small, the library temperature is easy to be stabilized.
Assembled cold storage The main structure of this type of cold storage (columns and beams, roof) using lightweight steel structure, the walls of the enclosure using prefabricated composite heat insulation board. The heat insulation materials are rigid polyurethane foam and rigid polystyrene foam. Since all the components, except the floor, are prefabricated in sets according to uniform standards in specialized factories and can be assembled on-site at the construction site, the construction progress is fast and the construction cycle is short.
Jacketed cold storage This type of cold storage is a conventional cold storage enclosure structure within the increase of a jacket structure, the jacket is equipped with cooling equipment, cold air in the jacket circulation refrigeration, the outer enclosure structure of the heat transfer away to prevent heat transfer to the library, so the library temperature stability and uniformity, food dry consumption is small, the outside world to the library of environmental interference is small, the jacket within the air flow resistance is small, air flow organization is uniform, but the cost of construction is higher. Higher cost.
Earth-covered cold storage ? Also known as the soil hole cold, cave body for the arch structure, there is a single cave body type, there is also a continuous arch form. Generally masonry, and a certain thickness of loess cover as a heat-insulating layer. Used as a low-temperature soil-covered cold storage, the foundation of the cave body should be in the sandstone layer or bedrock that is not easy to freeze and expand. Because it has the advantages of local conditions, local materials, construction is simple, low cost, strong and durable, etc., in China's northwest has been greater development.
Air-conditioned cold storage This type of cold storage is mainly used for long-term storage of fresh fruits and vegetables, crop seeds and flowers and other living organisms. Air-conditioned cold storage in addition to controlling the temperature and humidity inside the warehouse, there are technical measures to form a specific warehouse gas environment, in order to inhibit the respiration and metabolism of living organisms, to achieve the purpose of long-term storage;
Categorized by the nature of the use of:
Productive cold storage, distribution of cold storage, retail cold storage, cold storage, transit cold storage, integrated Cold storage
Reference:
"Cold Storage Design and Examples," Zhang Guodong, ed.