Abstract: With the continuous development of today's medical technology and medical model, the master planning and architectural design of hospital buildings have to adapt to the changes of various constraints. This paper combines the example of Xi'an 141 hospital construction project to discuss some concepts in the master planning and monolithic design of hospital buildings for reference.
Keywords: hospital building; master planning; monolithic design
The development of today's medical technology and the continuous improvement of the medical model, y affecting the design of hospital buildings, modern hospital buildings to adapt to changes in various constraints, so as to meet the needs of society. This paper will take the Xi'an 141 hospital construction project as an example to analyze some concepts in the practice of modern general hospital building design.
1, the design principles of hospital buildings
1.1 People-oriented
From the building layout, environmental facilities to the whole process of diagnosis and treatment services should be convenient for the patient as the core, to give people convenient, comfortable medical environment, while the medical staff will be working in the hospital for a long time, to provide them with a good working environment.
1.2 Scientific and reasonable
According to the characteristics of the hospital, the architectural design needs to consider the doctor-patient streaming and clean and dirty streaming. From the overall to the single, the implementation of the core principle of cross-infection control, set up a reasonable landscape between the buildings to protect the green space, emphasize the natural ventilation and lighting, detailed analysis of the flow of people and logistics, from the whole to the local should be clear clean and dirty zoning and diversion.
1.3 Green Ecology
Hospitals belong to the high-energy industry, in the architectural design, first of all, try to create a green ecological landscape environment, and secondly, the use of high-efficiency energy utilization facilities, combined with renewable energy, to reduce environmental pollution and save energy.
1.4 Sustainable development
Modern medical technology and facilities are developing more and more quickly, new technologies and new facilities directly or indirectly affect the development of the medical model, the design of the hospital building should also be adapted to the development of the medical model, to reserve space for flexible transformation.
2, the building's overall planning and layout
The hospital is a complex function of the public **** building, hospital building planning and design should be an overall picture, from the city, the hospital district and the building to grasp the various levels, strictly follow the principle of cleanliness and sewage zoning and streaming, will be infected and non-infectious areas are isolated from each other, to prevent cross infection occurs in the hospital. Cross-infection occurs. As far as the general hospital is concerned, it is mainly composed of four parts: medical treatment (including outpatient emergency, medical technology and hospitalization), medical logistics, administrative office and living services. For general hospitals with teaching and scientific research functions, their functional composition should also include teaching facilities and scientific research rooms. Each functional part has a different degree of contact with each other, and the planning and design should be based on the topography, road and building status around the site, comprehensively deal with the relationship between the components, and reasonably arrange the location. In the planning and design of Xi'an 141 Hospital, we comprehensively considered the following aspects: confirmation of the place where the hospital is located: perfecting the development system of the hospital and the sense of spatial order; forming a convenient connection and reasonable structure for the outpatient and emergency, medical technology, inpatient, medical checkup centers, etc.; the traffic organization and parking planning for patients, visitors and staff; the hospital's overall architecture, sunlight orientation, green landscape and the overall combination of the city. The overall combination of the hospital's architecture, sunlight orientation, green landscape and the city.
2.1 Functional zoning
The program adopts a centralized layout, according to the characteristics of the medical function and the sustainable development of the hospital, the hospital district is divided into a comprehensive medical district, logistics and auxiliary district and the reserved development area. The outpatient and emergency department, the medical technology department and the inpatient department organically form the medical comprehensive area of the hospital through the medical street, and are closely connected with the medical examination center and the administrative office building through the corridor. On the basis of ensuring the rational organization of medical functions, it meets the needs of the reserved development area, and at the same time ensures that the inpatient building is far away from noise and has a good landscape orientation.
2.2 Flow organization
The master plan needs to consider a reasonable and effective traffic flow organization and functional configuration to achieve efficient and orderly operation of the hospital. The spatial layout that ensures convenient traffic flow and improves diagnosis and treatment efficiency is the focus of hospital building design. Xi'an 141 Hospital set up two entrances and peripheral city roads, according to the principle of "separate flow of doctors and patients, clean and dirty", the entrances and exits of outpatient, emergency, medical technology, inpatient, medical checkups, offices and other functional units are well organized and connected through the ring road in the hospital area. In the outpatient department, emergency department and hospitalization near the underground garage entrances and exits, set up temporary parking spaces on the ground to facilitate parking, to solve the problem of parking difficulties, to ensure a good order of people and vehicles in the hospital area.
2.3 Landscape greening
Modern hospitals, in addition to the need for modern medical technology and medical model, a good environment is also essential, modern hospitals should emphasize the natural, harmless green medical environment. The reasonable overall layout of this program forms a multi-level green landscape system of green space landscape, entrance plaza landscape, medical street landscape atrium, landscape courtyard, roof garden and so on.
3, building unit functional combination and layout
Hospital building unit design, functional zoning and flow organization is the focus. With the improvement of people's quality of life and spiritual needs, hospital building design not only needs to solve the problem of functional zoning and flow organization, but also to reflect the efficient and convenient and people-oriented needs of the times. In the architectural design of Xi'an 141 Hospital, the plan layout of the building units fully embodies the modernized general hospital design concept of "patient-oriented" and strictly follows the design principle of "doctor-patient diversion, cleanliness and dirt diversion". The medical complex has formed an efficient and orderly three-dimensional traffic network through the horizontal traffic centered on the medical street and the vertical traffic centered on the escalators and elevators, which rationally organizes the medical functional units together.
The first floor of the medical complex is 4.5m high, with an underground parking lot, equipment rooms, laundry and medical technology rooms such as linear gas pedal and nuclear medicine, and a centralized channel for dirt. The first floor is equipped with outpatient hall, emergency department, inpatient hall, central supply room, imaging department and other diagnostic and therapeutic rooms, and the entrance of pediatrics, fever and intestinal clinic is independently set up. In order to facilitate the patients and medical staff to have meals, the first floor of the inpatient department is set up with nutritional kitchens. The second floor is the diagnostic unit, including electrophysiology, endoscopy, laboratory, hemodialysis center and pediatric nursing unit, etc. The special diagnostic department and occupational disease prevention and treatment clinic are set up, and a special entrance channel is set up for them. Each clinic unit adopts the streamline layout of doctor-patient division to ensure a good order of medical treatment. On the third floor, there are Chinese Medicine Physiotherapy Department, Preparation Department, Case Room and Information Center, Obstetrics Delivery Department and Obstetrics Ward. On the fourth floor, there is the roof garden of the outpatient and emergency department, as well as the clean surgery department, pathology department and ICU and surgical wards which are closely connected with each other. The Clean Surgery Department strictly distinguishes between sterile, clean and contaminated areas to prevent surgical contamination and nosocomial infections, and the bed-changing area of the Surgery Department, the Inpatient Department and the Emergency Department are all in quick contact. Doctors go to the operating department through the hygienic passage at the entrance of the pathology department. The sterile goods storehouse supplied by the first floor center is vertically connected with the clean instruments storehouse through the aseptic ladder, which ensures the high efficiency of goods transportation. A dirt elevator is set up at the end of the dirt aisle, which is directly connected to the central supply room on the first floor to facilitate the timely sterilization of instruments. On the top floor of the clean operation department, a purification equipment room is set up to provide purification air-conditioning for the operation department. 5~11 floors are the standard floors of the inpatient department, including two nursing units on each floor, and according to the principle of doctor-patient partitioning, the medical area, treatment area, ward area and activity area are set up respectively.
The ward area is basically arranged in the south direction, which ensures good sunlight and landscape orientation. The medical staff can directly reach the medical area through the medical ladder and the medical channel. The dining elevator is closely connected with the nutritional kitchen on the first floor, which is convenient for food distribution. 12 floors are VIP ward floors, including ordinary single rooms, luxury wards with living rooms, and rehabilitation training rooms. A helipad is set up on the roof, providing facilities for modern and efficient medical rescue. The 1st to 3rd floors of the Medical Examination Center and Administrative Office Building are for the medical examination center, and the 4th to 5th floors are for the administrative office, with a lecture hall and a library. The second floor is equipped with a rest and breakfast restaurant, providing a comfortable and relaxing environment for medical checkups and humanized services, and the fifth floor has a retired roof garden, which provides a good landscape and a place for communication for the office staff.
4, building shape and fa?ade design
The external form and internal function are interdependent basic elements of the building, the hospital's architectural image is bound to fully reflect its functional characteristics. Because of the complexity of the functional requirements of hospital buildings, strict, creative freedom is low, so the image design should be calm and natural, avoid flashy, not only to fully reflect the personality of the medical building, but also take into account the psychological characteristics of the patient so that the building as a whole to give a person a friendly and warm feeling. Xi'an 141 hospital building shape design combined with the master plan to fully consider the spatial contour of the building and the city image, forming a unified and orderly, richly layered spatial interface, reflecting the uniqueness of the hospital building and identity.
5, conclusion
More than other public **** building, hospital buildings have many special requirements. Architects in the design of hospital buildings not only to meet the complex requirements of medical functions, reflecting the humanistic care, but also emphasize the building and the environment in harmony *** place, pay attention to energy saving and consumption reduction, to achieve the flexibility of the architectural design of the adaptability of the building to meet the demand for sustainable development of the building.
References:
[1]Luo Yunhu. Modern Hospital Building Design (2nd Edition) [M]. Beijing: China Architecture Industry Press, 2010.
[2]Gu Jian. Exploration of changes in medical building design in the context of healthcare reform [J]. Architectural Technique, 2014(12).