Environmental protection "three wastes" can also be called "raw materials are used in the wrong place" Recycling it can also improve environmental sanitation. China has standards and regulations for their discharge and treatment. According to the different conditions of the "three wastes", measures such as multi-stage purification, decontamination, compression and volume reduction, incineration and solidification are adopted for treatment and disposal. This process is called "three wastes" treatment and disposal.
I. Disposal of environmental protection wastes:
(1) waste gas treatment
The experiment of producing a small amount of toxic gas should be carried out in a fume hood, and a small amount of toxic gas should be discharged to the outside through exhaust equipment and diluted with air.
Experiments that produce a lot of toxic gases must have absorption or treatment devices. Acid gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide are absorbed by alkaline solution. Combustible organic waste liquid can be completely burned with oxygen in a combustion furnace.
(2) Treatment of waste liquid
1, each laboratory should be equipped with containers for storing waste residue and waste liquid, and the waste residue and waste liquid that pollute the environment generated by experiments should be classified and poured into designated containers for storage.
2. According to their chemical properties, acidic and alkaline waste liquids are neutralized and post-treated. Discharge after the PH value reaches 6 ~ 9.
3. Organic waste liquid is concentrated after recovery, transformation, combustion and other treatments.
4. Try not to use or use less chemical reagents containing heavy metals in the experiment.
(iii) Destruction of wastes
1. Toxic wastes that can be degraded naturally are concentrated and buried deeply.
2. Waste chemicals insoluble in water are prohibited from being thrown into waste water pipelines, and must be concentrated in an incinerator for incineration or chemical treatment into harmless substances.
3. Don't throw broken glass and other sharp wastes with edges and corners into the wastepaper basket, but collect them in a special dustbin for disposal.
Second, the prevention and control measures are as follows:
1. Reduce the emission and transportation of polluted gases. Such as desulfurization process in factories, to reduce dust emission and sewage discharge.
2. Take central heating measures, save energy, reduce pollutant discharge, and rationally plan pollutant discharge points.
3. Afforest more trees, improve the underground environment and reduce the dust blown by dust.
4. Encourage people to take public transport to reduce energy waste and greenhouse gas emissions;
5. Strengthen the management of pollution sources, popularize cleaner production technology, and meet the discharge standards. Improve the utilization rate of resources and energy, use clean energy and reduce the amount of waste.
Legal basis:
Article 42 of the Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators who discharge pollutants shall take measures to prevent and control the pollution and harm to the environment caused by waste gas, waste water, waste residue, medical waste, dust, malodorous gas, radioactive substances, noise, vibration, light radiation and electromagnetic radiation.
Enterprises and institutions that discharge pollutants shall establish a responsibility system for environmental protection, and clarify the responsibilities of the person in charge of the unit and relevant personnel.
Key pollutant discharge units shall install and use monitoring equipment in accordance with relevant state regulations and monitoring norms, ensure the normal operation of monitoring equipment, and keep original monitoring records.
It is strictly prohibited to illegally discharge pollutants through concealed pipes, seepage wells, seepage pits, perfusion or tampering with or forging monitoring data, or through the abnormal operation of pollution prevention facilities to avoid supervision.