According to the regulations, fishing boats must be equipped with life rafts, life rafts, life buoys, life rings, life jackets and life buoys. Life rafts are equipped with simple navigational equipment, lighting tools and a certain amount of food, fresh water, distress signaling tools, seawater batteries, leakage repair tools, scoops, fishing tackle and medicines.
Life jackets are the most commonly used life-saving equipment on board, and we should pay attention to their maintenance. Usually we should store the life jacket in the living place or easy to access. To keep clean, avoid moisture or high temperature baking, and regularly check whether the package cloth is complete, no corrosion damage to the bondage belt; life jacket can not be used as a pillow, so as not to reduce the buoyancy of the material after compaction. Moisture should be cooled and dried in a timely manner, it is strictly prohibited to use fire to dry, so as not to deteriorate the material and loss of buoyancy; life jackets should be regularly tested for buoyancy, and timely replacement of damaged life jackets.
Life preservers are also commonly used on the ship, life preservers are used with care. Throwing the lifebuoy, should pay attention to tie the throw rope, to throw in the water upwind, upstream is better, can not be thrown directly to the water on the body, so as not to hurt the water. Falling into the water to get the lifebuoy, with the hand pressure on one side of the lifebuoy to make it up, the other hand holding the other side of the lifebuoy into the neck, or in the lifebuoy vertical hand and head while the potential set into the lifebuoy, and then the lifebuoy and the armpit, falling into the water should be to keep the body upright.
Self-help method of falling into the water
The person who falls into the water in this situation must quickly choose the correct swimming position. Generally preferred backstroke position, in order to reduce physical exertion; find ways to take off or cut wearing a plastic jumpsuit, to prevent the lower limbs floating in the water caused by the human body upside down; the use of clothing to make their own temporary flotation; looking around whether there is a floating object to be fished to act as a flotation device; unless there are passing ships have been found to fall into the water, or else you should not be ineffective swimming, to avoid consuming the physical energy due to swimming; if you find passing ships, you should take a stand-up swim, put your hands up to the ground. If you find a passing ship, you should take a standing swim, raise your hands out of the water to swing, and call for help when you are within 1,000 meters.
If the temperature is low, the person who fell into the water can take the cuffs, collars, etc., to protect the parts of the body that dissipate heat quickly; if there is a float around, you should bend both legs together, two elbows close to the side of the body, two arms crossed in front of the float, as far as possible to float, keep the head and neck out of the water; if a few people at the same time fell into the water, the person who fell into the water can think of ways to swim to the tightly together, body contact with each other as much area as possible. If you are in the water at the same time, you can try to swim close together and keep your body in contact with each other as much as possible to keep your body temperature up.
How to rescue a drowning person
In case of drowning in the sea, after lifting the drowning person out of the water, you should immediately remove the water, mud and dirt from his mouth and nasal cavity, wrap your fingers in gauze (handkerchief) and pull his tongue out of his mouth, and undo the buttons of his shirt and neckline in order to keep his respiratory tract open. Take a half-kneeling position, place his abdomen on your lap so that his head is down and pour water with the flat of your hand on your back.
A person who has stopped breathing should be given artificial respiration immediately, generally with mouth-to-mouth blowing as the best. First aiders are located on one side, lifting their jaws, pinching the nostrils, inhaling a deep breath, blowing slowly into the mouth of the casualty, and when their chest is slightly raised, relaxing their nostrils, and using one hand to press their chest to help exhale. Repeatedly and rhythmically (16-20 times per minute) until breathing is restored.
A person in cardiac arrest should first have chest cardiac massage. Let him lie on his back, back pad a hard board, head low slightly back, the first aiders are located on one side, the right hand palm flat on the lower part of its sternum, the left hand on the back of the right hand, through the body weight of the first aiders to slowly force, can not be too strong, in order to prevent bone fracture, will be pressed down the sternum of about 4 centimeters, and then loosened the wrist (the hand does not leave the sternum) to make the recovery of the sternum, repeated and rhythmically (60 - 80 times per minute), until the heartbeat is restored, repeated and rhythmically (16 - 20 times per minute). -80 times per minute) until the heartbeat is restored.
What first aid measures should be taken for a drowning victim in a more serious situation such as semi-consciousness, unconsciousness or false death? When the drowning victim is not shivering, but is in a more serious situation such as semi-consciousness, coma or false death, the victim's respiration should be constantly observed during the rescue process; if the victim does not breathe, artificial respiration should be carried out immediately; if the victim recovers his breath but is unconscious, he should be allowed to lie down in the left side position; avoid all unnecessary man-made movements, and don't even take off his wet clothes or massage him.
The person in distress should be wrapped in blankets or other clothing and immediately taken to a cabin where the temperature is between 15 and 20 degrees to rest, preferably balanced with the head slightly down.
The ship's personnel trauma bleeding emergency stop bleeding common sense
Scientific research shows that the human body's whole body blood volume of 70 milliliters per kilogram of body weight. Generally speaking, healthy people lose 10% of the body's blood will not cause major changes in the body, but if the loss of 20% of the body's blood, people will appear now heartbeat, thirst, weakness, and even cold sweat. If the loss of 30%, people will be restless, talking nonsense, pale, cold limbs, urine decreased, weak and rapid pulse, blood pressure decreased significantly. If the loss of more than 35% to 40%, the body will fall into deep shock, blood pressure is extremely low, life-threatening.
The types of traumatic bleeding in the human body are divided into external and internal bleeding. Internal bleeding such as intra-thoracic, intra-abdominal and intracranial bleeding, the situation is more serious, the scene can not be dealt with, need to find ways to send to the hospital. "Shiatsu method to stop bleeding". Mainly used for first aid treatment of more acute arterial bleeding. In the fishing boat due to the conditions of the limitations, the hands of a moment without bandaging materials and tourniquet when used. Finger pressure on the proximal end of the bleeding artery adjacent to the bone, blocking the source of blood flow. The method is simple, can quickly and effectively achieve the purpose of hemostasis, the disadvantage is that hemostasis is not easy to last. The correct point of compression should be known beforehand to be effective.
Commonly used compression points:
(1) head and face:
Temporal artery compression - finger pressure on the ear in front of the mandibular joints, can be stopped on the same side of the forehead, the temporal and anterior head bleeding. Compression of the extra-mandibular artery - one hand to fix the head, the other hand thumb pressure on the mandibular angle in front of the lower artery, can stop the ipsilateral lower face and oral bleeding.
Compression of the carotid artery - the carotid artery at the anterior edge of the middle sternocleidomastoid muscle on the same side to the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae, can stop the head and neck, pharynx and other wider bleeding on the same side. Be careful not to press too long, not to mention the two sides at the same time, causing severe cerebral ischemia, not to mention the trachea in a hurry.
How to rescue the drowning person
In case of drowning in the sea, the drowning person will be lifted out of the water, you should immediately remove the water, mud and dirt in his mouth and nasal cavity, use gauze (handkerchiefs) wrapped around the fingers to pull his tongue out of the mouth, undoing the buttons of the coat, collar, in order to keep the airway open. Take a half-kneeling position, place his abdomen on your lap so that his head is down and pour water with the flat of your hand on your back.
A person who has stopped breathing should be given artificial respiration immediately, generally with mouth-to-mouth blowing as the best. First aiders are located on one side, lifting their jaws, pinching the nostrils, inhaling a deep breath, blowing slowly into the mouth of the casualty, and when their chest is slightly raised, relaxing their nostrils, and using one hand to press their chest to help exhale. Repeatedly and rhythmically (16-20 times per minute) until breathing is restored.
A person in cardiac arrest should first have chest cardiac massage. Let him lie on his back, back pad a hard board, head low slightly back, the first aiders are located on one side, the right hand palm flat on the lower part of its sternum, the left hand on the back of the right hand, through the body weight of the first aiders to slowly force, can not be too strong, in order to prevent bone fracture, will be pressed down the sternum of about 4 centimeters, and then loosened the wrist (the hand does not leave the sternum) to make the recovery of the sternum, repeated and rhythmically (60 - 80 times per minute), until the heartbeat is restored, repeated and rhythmically (16 - 20 times per minute). -80 times per minute) until the heartbeat is restored.
What first aid measures should be taken for a drowning victim in a more serious situation such as semi-consciousness, unconsciousness or false death? When the drowning victim is not shivering, but is in a more serious situation such as semi-consciousness, coma or false death, the victim's respiration should be constantly observed during the rescue process; if the victim does not breathe, artificial respiration should be carried out immediately; if the victim recovers his breath but is unconscious, he should be allowed to lie down in the left side position; avoid all unnecessary man-made movements, and don't even take off his wet clothes or massage him.
The person in distress should be wrapped in blankets or other clothing and immediately taken to rest in a cabin with a temperature between 15 and 20 degrees, preferably balanced with the head slightly down.
Intra-abdominal and intracranial hemorrhage, the situation is more serious, the scene can not be dealt with, need to urgently find ways to send to the hospital. "Shiatsu method to stop bleeding". Mainly used for first aid treatment of more acute arterial bleeding. In the fishing boat due to the conditions of the limitations, the hands of a moment without bandaging materials and tourniquet when used. Finger pressure on the proximal end of the bleeding artery adjacent to the bone, blocking the source of blood flow. The method is simple, can quickly and effectively achieve the purpose of hemostasis, the disadvantage is that hemostasis is not easy to last. The correct point of compression should be known beforehand to be effective.
Commonly used pressure points:
The thumb of one hand is pressed on the artery in front of and below the angle of the jaw, which can stop the bleeding of the lower part of the face and the mouth on the same side.
Compression of the carotid artery - the carotid artery on the anterior edge of the middle sternocleidomastoid muscle on the same side to the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae, can stop the ipsilateral head and neck, pharynx and other more extensive bleeding. Be careful not to press for too long, not to mention the two sides at the same time, causing severe cerebral ischemia, not to mention the trachea in a hurry, causing respiratory obstruction.
(2) Bleeding from shoulder and upper limbs:
Compression of the subclavian artery - in the supraclavicular fossa - and pressing it against the first rib can stop bleeding from the shoulder, axilla and upper limbs.
Compression of the brachial artery - after the biceps groove bone is touched to the pulsation, it is pressed against the humerus to stop bleeding from the lower forearm of the upper extremity, and from the hand.
Operation at sea when encountered in the wind and waves of the weather response
In the wind and waves of the weather before the arrival of the weather: first of all, you should listen to weather forecasts in a timely manner, pay attention to changes in the wind conditions, return to the harbor in a timely manner to avoid the wind. If for some reason it is too late to avoid the wind, the following preparations should be made. First, keep the ship watertight. All watertight doors, portholes, hatches, vents, skylights, water outlets and anchor chain barrels should be reinforced or covered as soon as possible to keep the watertight; Secondly, ensure smooth drainage. All drainage machinery, piping, valves and deck drainage doors should be in good condition; Third, fix all movable objects, such as nets, trailing platforms, anchors, etc. Adjust all objects inside and outside the cabin. Adjust all objects inside and outside the cabin, such as boom, ice, catch and oil, water, etc., to lower the center of gravity of the ship and improve stability; four is to check the rudder device and anchor equipment to ensure that it is in good condition; five is to ensure that the main engine compartment is in good condition. If you are unfortunate enough to encounter big wind and waves at sea, you should immediately report the situation to the shore station, take mobile anchoring or put clip brown (bigrope) drifting measures, maintain safe speed, slow car top wind and waves. Remember, sailing in the wind and waves shall not easily turn around to avoid cross waves.
Self-help method of falling into the water
The person who falls into the water in this case must quickly choose the correct swimming position. Generally preferred backstroke position to reduce physical exertion; find a way to take off or cut wearing plastic jumpsuit, to prevent the lower limbs float up to cause the human body inverted in the water; the use of clothes to make their own temporary flotation; looking around whether there are floating objects to be fetched to act as a flotation device; unless there are passing ships have been found to fall into the water, or else you should not be ineffective swimming to avoid physical exertion because of the swimming; if you find passing ships, you should take a stand-up swim, put your hands up to the ground. If you find a passing ship, you should take a standing swim, raise your hands out of the water to swing, and call for help when you are within 1,000 meters.
If the temperature is low, the person who fell into the water can take the cuffs, collars, etc., to protect the parts of the body that dissipate heat quickly; if there is a float around, you should bend both legs together, two elbows close to the side of the body, two arms crossed in front of the float, as far as possible to float, keep the head and neck out of the water; if a few people at the same time fell into the water, the person who fell into the water can think of ways to swim to the tightly together, body contact with each other as much area as possible. If several people fall into the water at the same time, they can find a way to swim closely together and keep their bodies in contact with each other as much as possible to keep their body temperature up.
The boat people bleeding trauma emergency stop bleeding common sense
Scientific research shows that the human body's blood volume of 70 milliliters per kilogram of body weight. Generally speaking, healthy people lose 10% of the body's blood will not cause major changes in the body, but if the loss of 20% of the body's blood, people will now have a rapid heartbeat, thirst, weakness, and even cold sweat. If the loss of 30%, people will be restless, talking nonsense, pale, cold limbs, urine decreased, weak and rapid pulse, blood pressure decreased significantly. If the loss of more than 35% to 40%, the body will fall into deep shock, blood pressure is extremely low, life-threatening.
The types of traumatic bleeding in the human body are divided into external and internal bleeding. Internal bleeding such as intra-thoracic, intra-abdominal and intracranial bleeding, the situation is more serious, the scene can not be dealt with, need to find ways to send to the hospital. "Shiatsu method to stop bleeding". Mainly used for first aid treatment of more acute arterial bleeding. In the fishing boat due to the conditions of the limitations, the hands of a moment without bandaging materials and tourniquet when used. Finger pressure on the proximal end of the bleeding artery adjacent to the bone, blocking the source of blood flow. The method is simple, can quickly and effectively achieve the purpose of hemostasis, the disadvantage is that hemostasis is not easy to last. The correct point of compression should be known beforehand to be effective.
Commonly used compression points:
(1) head and face:
Temporal artery compression - finger pressure on the ear in front of the mandibular joints, can be stopped on the same side of the forehead, the temporal and anterior head bleeding. Compression of the extra-mandibular artery - one hand to fix the head, the other hand thumb pressure on the mandibular angle in front of the lower artery, can stop the ipsilateral lower face and oral bleeding.
Compression of the carotid artery - the carotid artery at the anterior edge of the middle sternocleidomastoid muscle on the same side to the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae, can stop the head and neck, pharynx and other wider bleeding on the same side. Be careful not to press for too long, not to mention the two sides at the same time, causing severe cerebral ischemia, not to mention the trachea in a hurry, causing respiratory obstruction.
(2) Bleeding from shoulder and upper limbs:
Compression of the subclavian artery - in the supraclavicular fossa - and pressing it against the first rib can stop bleeding from the shoulder, axilla and upper limbs.
Compression of the brachial artery - after the biceps groove bone is touched to the pulsation, it is pressed against the humerus to stop bleeding from the lower forearm of the upper extremity, and from the hand.
(3) Bleeding from the lower extremities:
Compression of the femoral artery - at the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, press it hard against the femur, can bleed from the upper and lower extremities.
We continue to introduce the other two methods of hemostasis:
First of all, let's introduce the bandage hemostasis, no obvious arterial hemorrhage can generally be used in this way. If a small wound is bleeding, if the fishing boat is equipped with saline, disinfectant gauze and other materials, you can first use saline to rinse the local area, and then use disinfectant gauze to cover the wound with a bandage or triangular towel; if the fishing boat is not prepared with the above first aid supplies, you can use cold boiled water to rinse, and then use a clean towel or other soft fabric to cover the bandage. If the wound is large and bleeds a lot, put pressure on the bandage to stop bleeding. It is important to note that the strength of the bandage should be moderate, and the distal arterial pulsation should be palpable after the bandage is applied, with no significant change in skin color.
Limb arterial bleeding more, for the convenience of transporting the casualty, you can use rubber bands, wide cloth, triangular towel, towel, etc. as a tourniquet to stop bleeding. Specific practice is, if the upper limb bleeding, tourniquet should be ligated in the upper arm up and down two places, prohibit tie in the upper arm in the middle, to avoid damage to the radial nerve; if the lower limb bleeding: tourniquet can be tied in the middle of the thigh. Before putting on the tourniquet, the injured limb should be elevated first, try to make the venous blood flow back, and use the soft material to pad on the binding part, and then tie the tourniquet.
The method of using a tourniquet must be correct, if it is tied too tightly and for too long, it will cause soft tissue compression necrosis, distal limb blood flow obstacles, muscle atrophy, and even produce extrusion syndrome; if it is not tied too tightly, the arterial distal end of the blood flow is still there, and venous flow is completely blocked, which will cause the wound to bleed more. In addition, the tourniquet needs to be relaxed once every half an hour or one hour, after 3-5 minutes of relaxation, and then tied again, when relaxing the tourniquet, you can temporarily use your fingers to stop the bleeding by compression. After tying the tourniquet, you can make a clear sign, write on the tourniquet site and time, so as not to forget to relax regularly, resulting in limb ischemia for too long and necrosis.
These are also just the tip of the iceberg, we usually read more news, books. Listen to people with experience, more experience.