1. A little knowledge of the law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases
A little knowledge of the law on the prevention and control of infectious diseases 1. Article 39 of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases
"People's Republic of China*" **Article 39 of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases is as follows:
Article 39: When medical institutions discover Class A infectious diseases, they shall promptly take the following measures:
< p> (1) Patients and pathogen carriers shall be isolated and treated, and the isolation period shall be determined based on the results of medical examinations;(2) Suspected patients shall be isolated and treated separately in a designated place before diagnosis;
(3) Conduct medical observation and take other necessary preventive measures in designated places for patients, pathogen carriers, and close contacts of suspected patients in medical institutions.
For those who refuse isolation treatment or leave isolation treatment without authorization before the isolation period has expired, the public security organs may assist medical institutions in taking compulsory isolation treatment measures.
When medical institutions discover patients with Category B or C infectious diseases, they shall take necessary treatment and transmission control measures according to their condition.
Medical institutions must disinfect and harmlessly dispose of sites, items and medical waste contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in accordance with laws and regulations.
2. Knowledge on the prevention and control of infectious diseases
1. Infection
The key to effectively suppressing the spread of infectious diseases lies in cutting off the chain of transmission of infectious diseases: that is, controlling infection sources, cut off transmission routes, and protect susceptible groups. To this end, we must do the following:
1. Develop good hygiene habits and pay attention to personal hygiene, food hygiene, and environmental hygiene.
2. Strengthen physical exercise and improve immunity.
3. Get vaccinated as required.
4. People with infectious diseases should be identified, reported, treated and isolated early to prevent cross-infection.
2. Infectious diseases with high incidence in each season
Spring
Popular infectious diseases mainly include: epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (meningococcal meningitis for short), measles, Respiratory infectious diseases such as chickenpox, mumps, scarlet fever, rubella, and influenza; viral hepatitis A; hand, foot, and mouth syndrome caused by contact transmission.
Prevention and treatment methods: Keep the room well ventilated, use vinegar and disinfectant, dry quilts frequently, get vaccinated on time, go on outings in spring, and avoid going to crowded places.
Summer
is a period of high incidence of intestinal infectious diseases, mainly including: bacterial food poisoning, bacillary dysentery, amoebic dysentery, viral enteritis, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis, etc. .
Prevention and control methods: Strictly control food procurement, ensure double insurance of tableware disinfection, pay attention to personal hygiene, avoid eating raw vegetables and salads for more than one meal, peel fruits and melons before eating, reduce large-scale family banquets, clean indoors and eliminate mosquitoes and flies , ensure adequate nutrition and sleep.
Autumn
is located between summer and winter. Therefore, infectious diseases in summer and winter may occur in autumn. In addition, polio often occurs in autumn.
Winter
Affected by factors such as climate and population mobility (Spring Festival Transport), local outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases are prone to occur. Common respiratory infectious diseases in winter include: common cold, influenza, measles, chickenpox, rubella, mumps, meningitis, etc., which are mainly spread through air droplets.
Prevention and treatment methods: Get vaccinated on time, pay attention to adding or removing clothes, and strengthen physical exercise.
3. Tips on how to prevent infectious diseases
1. Wash your hands frequently. Did you know that microorganisms can live on inert surfaces for anywhere from minutes to months? Imagine these disease-causing microorganisms could live in computer keyboards, on electrical switches, and even on sidewalk handrails! Surprisingly, most people don’t know that effective handwashing is the best preventative measure. The CDC recommends washing thoroughly with soap and water and drying your hands with paper towels. Where running water is not available, alcohol-based gels can suffice for handwashing, although they are not as effective as soap and water.
2. Do not share personal belongings. Toothbrushes, towels, razors, handkerchiefs, and nail clippers can all be sources of infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, and fungi). In kindergarten, children are usually taught to enjoy toys but learn to control their hands. Try to remember not to share your personal belongings with others.
3. Cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing. In the same spirit, good personal hygiene includes not only personal hygiene but also the traditional practice of covering your mouth when coughing and sneezing. Why is this important even when you are not sick? Because as with most infections, the disease-causing microorganisms begin growing and dividing long before symptoms appear. Coughing or sneezing can spread these germs through the air. It is recommended to cover your mouth with your arms or sleeves rather than with your hands.
4. Get a flu shot. The human immune system is designed to "remember" previous infections. When the body encounters a microorganism that caused a previous infection, it ramps up the production of white blood cells and antibodies to prevent a second infection. Therefore, through vaccination, you can trick your body into thinking you have been infected with certain microorganisms, thereby improving your defenses against infectious diseases.
5. Use safe cooking methods. Poor food preparation and eating habits are often the cause of food illness. In fact, microorganisms love all foods, especially when kept at room temperature. Refrigeration slows or prevents the growth of most microorganisms. Have separate cutting boards for cooked and raw foods, and be sure to wash all fruits and vegetables before eating.
6. Be a smart traveler. It is easy to contract infectious diseases while traveling, especially when traveling to less developed areas. If the water in your travel destination is questionable, be sure to have a safe source of water available, such as bottled water for drinking and brushing your teeth. Eat cooked foods and avoid raw fruits and vegetables. It is recommended that all immunizations be updated based on the travel destination.
7. Safe sex. Sexually transmitted diseases are probably the most preventable infectious diseases. Smart practices about safe sex (using condoms) can prevent the spread of infectious bacteria or viruses from one person to another.
8. Don’t pick your nose (or mouth and eyes). Not only is it a social taboo, it can also lead to the spread of various diseases. If you look around you will see many people putting their hands on their faces. Many microorganisms prefer the warm and moist environment of the nose, as well as the mucous membrane-covered surfaces of the eyes and mouth, among others. By avoiding these areas, you can easily prevent infectious diseases.
9. Be careful when touching animals. Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans are called "zoonotic diseases" and they are more common than people know. If you have pets, make sure they get regular checkups and are up to date on their vaccinations.
10. Watch the news. A good understanding of current events can help you make informed decisions about travel and other recreational activities. For example, the bird flu that occurred in Asia deserves your attention.
4. Knowledge on prevention of infectious diseases
Preventive measures for infectious diseases The purpose of preventing infectious diseases is to control and eliminate infectious diseases, protect people's health, ensure social stability, and promote the country's for the purpose of modernization.
Focusing on the three basic links of the epidemic of infectious diseases and based on comprehensive epidemic prevention measures, we must conscientiously implement the prevention policy. The main preventive measures are as follows: (1) Management of sources of infection 1. Management of patients and pathogen carriers requires early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation, and active treatment of patients.
In 1978, the State Council promulgated the "Regulations on the Management of Acute Infectious Diseases". On February 21, 1989, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress officially passed the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases". In September of the same year, It will come into effect on the 1st. Infectious diseases managed under the Prevention and Control Law are divided into three categories: A, B, and C.
Infectious diseases reported to health and epidemic prevention agencies are called notifiable infectious diseases. Category A: Plague, cholera.
Category B: viral hepatitis, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, poliomyelitis, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, Scarlet fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis, anthrax, epidemic and endemic typhoid fever, epidemic encephalitis, kala-azar, malaria, dengue fever. Category C: Tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, filariasis, hydatid disease, leprosy, influenza, mumps, rubella, neonatal tetanus, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever Infectious diarrhea other than.
Our military also stipulated in 1979 that bacterial food poisoning and acute enteritis should be reported in the monthly epidemic report. Reporting of infectious disease outbreaks should be done promptly.
Category A infectious diseases require reporting to the health and epidemic prevention agency within 6 hours in cities and no more than 12 hours in rural areas; Category B infectious diseases require reporting within 12 hours in cities and no more than 24 hours in rural areas. Health and epidemic prevention personnel and medical care personnel must not conceal or lie about the epidemic, or instruct others to conceal or lie about the epidemic.
Carry out management and necessary treatment for pathogen carriers. In particular, food production and supply and marketing personnel, cooks, and child care workers should be subject to regular bacterial inspections, timely discovery, timely treatment and replacement.
Those who have been in contact with infectious diseases must be subject to medical observation, observation, collective quarantine, and if necessary, immunization or drug prevention. 2. Management and treatment of infected animals. Animal infection sources, wild animals and domestic animals with economic value should be isolated and treated, slaughtered and disinfected if necessary. Wild animals without economic value should be hunted and killed by the masses.
(2) Cut off transmission routes. Different epidemic prevention measures should be taken according to different transmission routes of infectious diseases. For intestinal infectious diseases, bedside isolation should be carried out, vomiting and diarrhea should be disinfected, food hygiene and personal hygiene should be strengthened, and water sources and feces should be managed well.
For respiratory infectious diseases, indoor windows should be opened for ventilation, air circulation and air disinfection should be carried out, and individuals should wear masks. For insect-borne infectious diseases, insect-proof equipment should be provided, and drugs should be used to kill, prevent and repel insects.
(3) Protect susceptible groups. Improve the resistance of the population, carry out focused and planned vaccinations, and improve population-specific immunity. Artificial automatic immunization is a planned vaccination of susceptible people with vaccines, vaccines, and toxoids. Immunity appears within 1 to 4 weeks after vaccination and lasts for months to years.
Artificial passive immunity is an injection of anti-venom serum, gamma globulin, placental globulin, and high-efficiency immune globulin when urgently needed. Immunity appears quickly after injection and lasts for 1 to 2 months before losing its effect.
5. Common sense of infectious disease prevention and control
Try to avoid going to public places with many people as much as possible! Strengthen exercise and improve your immunity! In addition, you should know the following knowledge! Preventive measures for infectious diseases can be divided into general preventive measures before the epidemic occurs and epidemic prevention measures after the epidemic occurs.
1. General preventive measures When infectious diseases do not occur, general preventive measures mainly include: strengthening management of the external environment where pathogens may exist (such as "three tubes and one elimination" and other tasks); Planned immunization to protect susceptible groups; timely detection of pathogen carriers through regular health examinations of key groups (such as regular physical examinations for employees in child care institutions, food, drinking water, and service industries); and carry out health education, etc. In disaster areas, due to the destruction of sanitary facilities, poor environmental sanitation conditions, difficulties in supplying daily necessities, and reduced resistance of residents, the chances of the occurrence and spread of various infectious diseases have greatly increased. General preventive measures should be strengthened. To sum up, they are as follows Several key aspects of work.
1. Strengthen leadership and formulate disaster relief and disease prevention plans. Health and epidemic prevention agencies at all levels should serve as advisers to the general public and formulate practical disaster relief and disease prevention plans based on the local disaster situation at that time. They should quickly restore and strengthen the three-level health and epidemic prevention network and carry out various epidemic prevention work under the leadership of the general public.
2. Carry out health education. Use various publicity tools and adopt various forms to carry out health education work on disaster relief and disease prevention, so that the knowledge of disaster relief and disease prevention can be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and fully mobilize the masses to actively participate in various disaster relief and disease prevention work.
3. Add *** student supervision. Strengthen the management and supervision of drinking water hygiene and food hygiene, thoroughly clean up the environment, especially deal with environmental pollutants such as feces, garbage, and dirt, and carry out disinfection, insecticide, and rodent control in an organized manner.
4. Protect vulnerable groups. Targeted universal vaccination will be carried out among residents in disaster areas to strengthen the protection of key groups.
5. Strengthen the disease detection system to ensure the smooth flow of prevention information.
6. A 200-word essay on disease prevention knowledge
Common respiratory infectious diseases in winter include the common cold, influenza, measles, chickenpox, rubella, mumps, etc., mainly through Airborne droplets spread, and the following matters should be paid attention to in preventing and treating respiratory infectious diseases:
1. Avoid catching cold. When the human body catches cold, the blood vessels in the respiratory tract constrict, the blood supply decreases, local resistance decreases, and viruses can easily invade.
2. Purify the environment and keep the indoor air fresh.
Windows should be opened regularly for ventilation to maintain air circulation and allow sunlight to shine through the room; vinegar can also be used to fumigate the room.
3. Pay attention to the rules of life and ensure adequate sleep. Adequate sleep can eliminate fatigue, regulate various functions of the human body, and enhance immunity.
4. Increase nutrition. Supplement nutrition and appropriately increase the intake of water and vitamins.
5. Strengthen exercise and enhance physical fitness. Physical exercise can enhance blood circulation and improve immunity.
6. Pay attention to hygiene. Strengthen personal hygiene and personal protection.
7. Immunization prevention. Corresponding vaccinations can be carried out before the epidemic season, such as influenza, pneumonia, measles, meningitis and other vaccines.
8. Early detection and early treatment. When respiratory symptoms occur, you should seek medical treatment promptly and do not take it seriously, let alone take medicine randomly.
7. There are several types of infectious diseases under the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Law
There are currently 39 types of statutory infectious diseases.
Class A infectious diseases (2 types): plague, cholera; Class B infectious diseases (26 types): influenza A H1N1 (newly added), infectious SARS, AIDS, viral hepatitis, Poliomyelitis, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, measles, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, anthrax, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid and paratyphoid, epidemic Meningitis, whooping cough, diphtheria, neonatal tetanus, scarlet fever, brucellosis, gonorrhea, syphilis, leptospirosis, schistosomiasis, malaria. Category C infectious diseases (11 types, newly added hand, foot and mouth disease): influenza, mumps, rubella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, leprosy, epidemic and endemic typhus, kala-azar, hydatid disease, Filariasis, infectious diarrheal diseases other than cholera, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, hand, foot and mouth disease.
8. There are several types of infectious diseases under the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Law
There are currently 39 legal infectious diseases.
Class A infectious diseases (2 types): plague, cholera; Class B infectious diseases (26 types): influenza A H1N1 (newly added), infectious SARS, AIDS, viral hepatitis, Poliomyelitis, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, measles, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, anthrax, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid and paratyphoid, epidemic Meningitis, whooping cough, diphtheria, neonatal tetanus, scarlet fever, brucellosis, gonorrhea, syphilis, leptospirosis, schistosomiasis, malaria. Category C infectious diseases (11 types, newly added hand, foot and mouth disease): influenza, mumps, rubella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, leprosy, epidemic and endemic typhus, kala-azar, hydatid disease, Filariasis, infectious diarrheal diseases other than cholera, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, hand, foot and mouth disease.