1 Difficulties faced by private enterprises in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
Firstly, after the implementation of the "management of services", it has not had a positive impact on the improvement of administrative efficiency, or the effect is not obvious, and there is still no clear boundary between the relationship between the government and business. First of all, the submission list in the administrative approval is not standardized and clear. Since the reform, the level of administrative approval services has not been improved. Involved in the review and approval of the agency, the breakdown is not timely published, there are objections to the differentiation of the review of the breakdown of the form has not been made available to the public to see, can not be open and transparent.
Secondly, government officials are not afraid to take responsibility for their own actions, nor are they afraid to make "ultra vires" actions on their own. Personal circumstances are not well reflected in the policy provisions and cannot be fully covered. On the contrary, the relevant policies only make some general constraints, including general and non-specific provisions, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations. And according to the "no entry" rule, the right should be decentralized to the hands of some specific implementers to exercise.
Again, a clear and cordial relationship between the government and business enterprises should be established. The government should fully support the development of private enterprises. However, civil servants are either alienated from business for the sake of "purity" or accused of being "pro-government". Finally, the leadership of the government should not be changed too often, as this is detrimental to the long-term development of the economy and trade, and may even shake the political and economic foundations that have been stabilized.
Secondly, the prevalence of the three gates makes it impossible for the majority of private enterprises to be treated normally. First, the "transparent door" can be seen everywhere, and repeatedly prohibited. Although the relevant departments have made a series of policy provisions, seems to be very reasonable, but in the specific operation of private enterprises, still encountered hidden obstacles.
Secondly, the forces of discrimination prevail. As our country is now in the primary stage of the reform market, the coexistence of various systems, the implementation of the policy is subject to a variety of constraints, can not be done from one to the end. Finally, the phenomenon of tug-of-war. After making the reform, although the attitude of some government leaders have eased, but, some of the subtleties still exist, and these problems can not rely on private enterprises to solve their own.
Thirdly, private enterprises have not solved the problem of financing difficulties, so that the number of new financial products is far from meeting market demand. First of all, the private enterprise loan difficulties, banks led by the financial sector for the private enterprise loan control is very strict, the amount of its loan approval of the number of limited, or in favor of state-owned enterprise loans mainly. Some state-owned enterprises still issue unused loans to private enterprises at an annual interest rate of 12% to 15%. Secondly, it is more difficult for private enterprises to carry out financing activities when there is a credit system that is not yet perfect. In particular, light private enterprises have difficulty in obtaining loans because they do not have much material that can be used as collateral. Again, some of the agricultural production materials (such as vegetable greenhouses) can not be used as collateral loans, land ownership certificates can not be used as collateral loans (not recognized by the bank).
There are some provinces and cities of the Finance Bureau, once also tried to jointly with the Agricultural Committee to guarantee, but, due to the cost of the guarantee is not affordable, and the income is very limited, and did not receive good results, the economic return is small. Finally, unsecured loans for government procurement programs have encountered obstacles. According to the regulations, the bank loan 50% to 80% of government procurement projects without collateral, but most private enterprises are difficult to meet the requirements of government procurement, even if the power to obtain, the lack of government procurement procedures, can not get a loan.
Fourth, the policy of serving small and micro enterprises is not sound, small and micro enterprises are powerless. Most of the private enterprises are small and medium-sized micro-enterprises, is an active market players, has a very good development prospects. However, the process they need some necessary support measures from the government. For example, some southern provinces are able to provide government procurement services for MSMEs, and on the premise that MSMEs sign marketing service contracts, the relevant departments will pay for the services. However, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region does not have relevant service provisions for MSMEs.
Fifth, another important reason for the lack of competitiveness of private enterprises is that certain things do not make sense, such as the structure of talent policy. For one thing, there is differentiation, with employment policies inside and outside the system not being treated in the same way. The level of housing subsidies and unit housing fund within the system is high, and the treatment of employees is generally high. However, private enterprises in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei cannot afford such high expenses. As a result, this has led to a general reduction in the competitiveness of talent in these regions.
The second is the unfair talent treatment policy. Units for the internal original talent as well as foreign talent introduced to different degrees of importance, generally pay attention to the treatment of foreign talent, while the original enterprise talent treatment is reduced, affecting the original talent enthusiasm to play. This situation also exists in the investment policy, the government for foreign enterprises to pay more attention than local enterprises, resulting in the loss of local enterprises to develop the advantages, gradually lagging behind foreign enterprises.
Thirdly, the policy of scientific researchers' resettlement is not implemented, and scientific and technological personnel can not be well-preferred. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region does not even have relevant policies in this regard. Overseas, the ratio of treatment between scientific and technological personnel and ordinary employees is 1:8, China is 1:1. the construction of the national advanced manufacturing R & D base, the need to cultivate a large number of scientific and technological achievements into talents. And at present this kind of talent is in a state of extreme shortage. The introduction of short-term talent needs to be tilted policy support.
Fourth, the tax burden is too onerous for private high-tech talent, too much personal income tax.
2 Countermeasures and Suggestions to Improve the Business Environment for Private Enterprises
First, build a pro-people and pro-business culture, implement the auditing, positive and negative list system, and explore the civil service performance appraisal system. First, guide cadres at all levels to change the concept of service. Combine the construction of public *** organization culture with party members' "two studies and one do" learning and education activities, and prioritize the training of party cadres to become leaders and promoters of this work. Discipline inspection and supervision departments should promptly take disciplinary action against civil servants who evade their responsibilities and create difficulties for businessmen.
The second is that administrative approval departments should develop and issue approval lists by the relevant departments in accordance with laws, regulations and the spirit of the document, clarify the details of the specifications, submit them for approval for different types of documents, and work to complete the approval.
Third, the establishment of positive and negative lists of private enterprise services. The positive list clarifies the duties that civil servants must fulfill, while the negative list specifies the bottom line of strict prohibitions. Fourth, exploring the implementation of a performance appraisal system for civil servants. A performance appraisal system for civil servants at all levels focusing on administrative efficiency and service performance has been formulated and implemented, and the results of the appraisal are linked to civil servants' salaries and promotions. Fifth, the establishment of a direct communication platform between government departments and private enterprises, the actual promotion of harmonious relations between government and enterprises.
Second, the use of the Internet + government services, deepen the "devolution of power to send services" reform, to build constraints on the power of the public **** and market players in the two-way mechanism. First, deepen the reform of the regulatory system, continue to promote decentralization. Create a free competition, fair and orderly market environment, get rid of the government's control over private enterprises and dependence on the government. Second, make full use of the electronic network platform to build a network information **** enjoyment platform. Through the network platform to publish the process, submit a list of material details and completion time, the implementation of online approval or online pre-approval, offline one-time submission of approval materials. Third, build a two-way restraint mechanism between public **** power and private capital. Through a combination of autonomy, rule of law and moral rule, a two-way constraint mechanism between public power and private enterprises has been established.
Third, to further broaden the financing channels construction, through the way of credit, the establishment of a sound property rights mortgage system as well as joint mobilization of credit **** enjoyment system, so that the role of the business association is given full play to. Specific practices are as follows:First, the establishment of the relevant system for joint mobilization *** enjoyment. Improve the existing personal and enterprise credit system, smooth city and national credit information network, realize the credit system **** the same application and interconnection.
The second is to explore the financing method of credit + joint guarantee for light-asset private enterprises. Promote the development and innovation of light-asset financial products. The use of municipal finance bureau, association guarantee, the administration of limited liability guarantee joint guarantee loan management methods or banks and other financial institutions to implement the enterprise credit and entrepreneur credit rating combination, the Chamber of Commerce and other forms.
Third, making the intellectual property pledge financing system can be sound. Suggested the establishment of technology guarantee company to ensure that science and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises can use patents, trademarks, accounts receivable and other equity securities as loan guarantee.
Fourth, the implementation of land property rights pledge financing. Banks and other financial institutions to speed up the development of land contract management rights and land management rights certificate pledge financing methods, and explore rural steel structure greenhouses and other real estate mortgage financing methods.
Fourth, improve the talent appeasement policy, sound Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei basic services, strengthen and enhance the vitality of private enterprises. First, the completion of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei functional area infrastructure, expanding urban applications. Such as strengthening residential housing, traveling, rental housing and other urban public **** service facilities to expand, and enhance the city's population capacity.
The second is the development and implementation of children's schooling policies, improve pre-school education, reduce personal income tax, basic education and community medical service organizations, improve the quality of education and medical services, such as the preferential policies for high-end talent in private enterprises.
Thirdly, it is to increase the scope of construction of residential housing for migrant workers and office workers, and to adapt to the needs of private enterprise staff for living places.
Fifth, the development of special support measures for small and medium-sized companies, especially to enhance the activities of private enterprises, pulling the supply-side reform efforts, the relevant purchasing departments to introduce more raw materials from the private sector. First of all, to learn from other regions, more relevant policies to facilitate small and medium-sized enterprises. The use of "enterprise determines demand, the market determines the product, the government pays" support policy, so that small and medium-sized micro-enterprises to minimize the operation of the basic expenses.
Secondly, when it comes to government procurement, the development of relevant bidding programs should be formulated especially according to the situation of MSMEs, so as to increase the probability of success of these units in obtaining the project, and further enhance the competitiveness of these enterprises.