Large shopping mall fire system linkage test and pay attention to a few problems
Mall, fire, system
Today's society is developing rapidly, people's quality of life. Decoration and decoration gradually upscale, the increase in electrical equipment, high-rise and ultra-high-rise buildings and shopping malls and supermarkets and other places where people gather the rapid expansion of the scale of the importance of fire safety is increasingly prominent. With the development and maturity of intelligent building technology. More and more new buildings are adopting intelligent fire protection systems.
It consists of two parts, one is the automatic fire alarm system, that is, the perception and the central system, as if the human five senses and the brain; the other part is the linkage fire extinguishing system, that is, the implementation system, as if the human limbs. In this way, the intelligent fire protection system can discover the fire hazards of the building in time and take corresponding measures. Fighting in time. The fire that may cause a big disaster will be eliminated in the flame retardant period or the early stage, which can prevent the disaster from expanding.
Intelligent fire protection systems are put into operation after passing through the design, fire building audit, construction and acceptance links. All the links are for a purpose - practical. Practical, that is, rapid and effective response, normal and reliable operation. Currently. People pay more attention to the design and construction of the intelligent fire protection system, and after it is put into operation, it often lacks sufficient attention. The operation of the system is the meaning of the existence of intelligent fire protection systems. Through the case of some well-known domestic commercial building fire gives us a good warning. Problems in the operation of the more should attract our attention and thinking.
1 Intelligent fire protection system operation of several typical problems
1.1 host can not run normally
System operation. Some did not connect the DC standby power, more frequent failures, running with disease, high false alarm rate, alarms and so on. In the long run, the duty officer is easy to get used to, paralyzed, simply do not go to the scene to run the point, take for granted to do the muffler reset, so as to form a habit. Some even shield the faulty area, the sound and light alarm device wiring removed. Make intelligent fire protection system is a sham.
1.2 Linkage system function is missing
The host screening fire risk, issued a command, through the linkage system for the corresponding action. This is the key point of the intelligent fire protection system. Linkage of many devices. Summarized in five parts: wind, water, electricity, gas and machine.
Wind: smoke extractor, air supply fan, air valve;
Water: fire hydrant system, sprinkler, spray, water curtain, rain shower system;
Electricity: fire power. Emergency lighting, evacuation instructions, fire broadcasting, telephone. Elevator, access control;
Gas: halide, foam, carbon dioxide and other gas fire extinguishing system, gas leakage alarm system;
Machine: fire doors, windows, rolling shutters, smoke exhaust windows, fire separation.
When there is a fire. All the corresponding functions should work, can not be mistaken and refused to act. And now, many of the linkage of the operation of the power supply is not put into use at all. Some of the mechanical mechanism is stuck, some in a manual state, can not guarantee automatic linkage.
1.3 management is not in place
Now in order to reduce the number of watchmen, equipment centralized management, the usual design practice is to set the fire and security in a control room. Often the watchman is replaced frequently, without professional training, the level of professional knowledge is poor. For the principle of the system and the current status of the equipment do not understand, when there is a failure and alarm. Improper disposal. In case of emergency, the advantages of technical defense can not be played.
2 from the following aspects of the analysis of the causes of the above problems
2.1 design omissions and defects
Fire protection design is generally four stages: preliminary design; secondary design; deepening design: design changes. These steps of the disconnect is more common usually not by a design unit, the person in charge of the design of a unified completion, resulting in incoherent design ideas. More omissions and defects.
Intelligent fire protection in the preliminary design. Generally according to the building structure of the fire function division, give the probe and linkage equipment floor plan system diagram and equipment list. But how to control the linkage equipment involves less. Design depth is not enough. Such as. In the fire linkage desk remote control of fire pumps, sprinkler pumps, and smoke exhaust fans, whether to set the fault display and so on. Many details of the problem affect the laying of pipelines, control of the topological form, equipment selection and positioning. It is because in the preliminary design, only gives the functional framework, does not give specific equipment models and technical data and specific linkage relationship and requirements, so that the secondary design lack of guidance.
Because of the understanding of the specification and grasp the differences in the application process. Resulting in the design of many problems. Some of these principles in the design drawings and construction drawings of the two submissions, by the fire building review department comments, was modified. However, there are still many problems in details. In the construction process has not been well resolved to become a hidden danger in the project. Such as. Some of the equipment of the fire linkage is the building for self-control. When designing, some omitted fire linkage joints are not yet available. Fire signal and building control signal in the same controlled device conflict. Can not reflect the fire priority.
Some of the design itself is not a problem. But in the construction process. Reflects the problem of not considering the whole with other systems. For example, there is no installation location, access to space is too small, etc.; picking the optical head and the environment does not match. There is no calibration of its sensitivity level applicable area range, it is easy to cause a delayed response or frequent false alarms; smoke sensor head from the light source, air conditioning vents are too close to the fire line cable from the strong electricity, strong magnetic interference source is too close to the false alarms are easy to produce a reason.
Some defects, although they do not directly affect the performance of the system, but the operation and maintenance is more difficult, such as water curtain system. As the system side of the rain shower group is not set up test valve and return valve. Resulting in the completion of the installation, there is no way to test. In operation, it is also impossible to test the automatic start function of the system.
2.2 Supervision duties are not in place
Some supervision companies focus on civil, structural, plumbing, electrical and other traditional professional supervision. Intelligent fire engineering supervision lacks sufficient attention. On the other hand, although the development of intelligent fire technology and products is rapid. But the supervision engineers business level is relatively lagging behind, do not understand the nature of intelligent fire protection products, only wiring and installation of general supervision advice. Did not play the role of supervision should be.
Supervision is not only to supervise the construction. And more importantly, the design of the implementation of supervision. Supervisory body of the design drawings for the review process. Often diluted or missing.
2.3 Poor quality of construction
Construction units are not well coordinated with each other, the work process arrangement is unreasonable, and some places are not reserved for pre-embedding. Because the weak electricity construction is generally after the civil construction and machine installation. Construction space, wire channel, installation location, etc. often due to the impact of site conditions. Have to be adapted to local conditions, due to the simple.
For example, some of the fire module because there is no location fixed, can only rely on the wire suspended in the ceiling. These hidden works of shoddy construction quality to the future operation and maintenance brings great difficulties and hidden dangers.
Now, although the construction unit has reduced the phenomenon of layers of subcontracting. But due to the construction and installation personnel quality is not high, lack of experience. Not in accordance with the norms of operation. Cable joints too much, the guard tube off, interface is not strict, line labeling is not clear, not in accordance with the provisions of the phenomenon of fire treatment occurs repeatedly. For example, the construction unit does not select materials in accordance with the norms. Signal line with ordinary BV single-stranded hard line instead of red, blue two-color voltage 250V multi-core cord. In this way, in the threading is easy to rub its insulation layer. Causes grounding or short-circuit failure. This line is not easy to crimp firmly, easy to connect, to bring great difficulties in troubleshooting. In addition, the terminal pressure a little more than one wire, the wire does not shabu-shabu tin, wireless nose. For a long time, it is easy to oxidize and corrode, so that the node resistance increases, resulting in local failure.
2.4 Negligence of the commissioning staff
Intelligent fire equipment is usually commissioned by the agent or manufacturer. Commissioning personnel often travel to various construction sites. Some of the problems are easily disguised or omitted. Especially the linkage aspects of the problem. Because it involves electromechanical installation. Manufacturers, weak electricity, design and many other aspects. So often put on hold. In addition, due to the construction side of some of the requirements do not meet the specifications, the commissioning staff failed to deal with and solve the problem well, often the wrong for the wrong.
2.5 Improper maintenance
Operators failed to regularly clean. Some due to failure and damage, can not be repaired in a timely manner and out of service, linkage equipment is not regularly tested for its performance.
2.6 Change of building use
After apartments and office buildings are rented out, tenants carry out secondary decoration. The layout and function often change. Some facilities and equipment were removed or covered up on their own, most of which were not reported to the Fire Services Bureau for review.
3 In the work need to pay attention to the following aspects. Minimize the chances of occurrence of problems and adverse consequences
3.1 Construction units to regulate their own investment
Construction units in the contracting of fire protection works. Should consider the integrity of the intelligent fire protection system. Should not be divided and contracted to several design and construction units, and should not be driven by their own interests, expressly or implicitly design, supervision, construction units in violation of fire regulations and the corresponding standards, to set unreasonable goals. To follow the construction procedures, standardize the investment behavior, correct the guiding ideology, to prevent the slightest step.
3.2 Improve the design
The design of fire protection includes a number of specialties. Structure, HVAC, air conditioning, water supply and drainage, integrated wiring, weak electricity and so on. Design unit design is based on the design commission provided by the construction unit. Some are completed by a design institute, some are completed by a number of professional design companies. Intelligent fire protection system is a specialty of weak electricity. Need to link the electromechanical specialties of many devices. Therefore, when designing, it is necessary to carry out systematic design and overall consideration. When making design changes, consider the matching relationship. Design, to understand the essence of fire prevention design and construction specifications. Everywhere to run through the "fire" design ideas, such as cable to fire, fire retardant; fire protection pipe to try to bury in the concrete structure; open pipe to brush fireproof paint, wire trough to be laid separately. Not allowed to mix with other lines; power supply should be fireproof. To take a two-way power supply to ensure that the fire fighting equipment can operate effectively in disaster situations. The design should be comprehensive and exhaustive. When design changes and additions occur. Be sure to communicate with all other specialties and parties to do a good job of connecting with each other. The design of intelligent fire protection is the basis of project quality and operation and maintenance, and it is necessary to prevent unreasonable and defective designs from the source. Prevent the loss of a tiny bit, the fallacy of a thousand miles.
3.3 Do a good job of equipment selection
To understand the historical situation of the production and use of products, to be used by a large number of projects have been used, the performance is better, and constantly improve the product. The entire system should be economically rational. Individual devices to high performance, the overall function to match the coordination. The reliability of the host should be high, stable operation, accurate and reliable signal transmission. The average trouble-free working time is long. To have self-test, patrol function. Flexibility, compatibility, adaptability, debugging, maintenance, management is convenient.
The control module of the linkage system, the interface between the dual switching box and the linkage equipment, etc. To match each other. For example, the control module and the exhaust window controller, air conditioning dampers, elevator forced descent relay, non-fire power tap coil and so on. First. To clarify the parameters and interface requirements of the controlled equipment, and then, to determine the specifications of the intelligent fire protection products. For the linkage equipment that does not meet the control requirements. To put forward the functions that need to be added in a timely manner. In order to order processing.
3.4 Strengthen construction management
Construction quality determines the future failure rate and reliability of the system. By the strong qualification unit for construction, strengthen the organization and management, before the construction of drawings review and technical briefing. Compare the construction drawings with the site conditions. Make a detailed and feasible construction program. After each division and sub-division, the construction quality of pipelines and equipment should be checked in time, and these construction data and changes should be made. Record in time on the construction drawings, especially to do a good job in the inspection records of hidden works. As-built information should be complete, the drawings should be clearly labeled, so that it can guide the operation and maintenance, cut can not be schematic instead.
3.5 Strict implementation of acceptance procedures
According to the relevant national regulations. By the fire detection organization for system performance testing. After obtaining the report, submit it to the public security fire control authorities for acceptance. Under the supervision of the public security fire prevention supervisory agency, the construction unit presided over by the design, supervision, construction, commissioning and other units **** with the acceptance. If problems are found, because the system has been molded, the difficulty of rectification is relatively large, the rectification program must be demonstrated, the corresponding construction adjustments and remedies. To meet the requirements of the acceptance specifications. The acceptance of the fire supervision agency only grants the construction party to have the right to use. It does not exempt from the danger of fire. The bearer of the responsibility for fire accidents is the manager and user of the building, design, construction, products left behind by the hidden dangers of the design side, the construction side, the supplier to assume responsibility for the corresponding fire, and, this responsibility is lifelong.
3.6 operation and management in place
Intelligent fire protection system into operation, how to standardize the management and use is an important issue. In terms of personnel. To pass the fire department training, licensed; to understand the composition of the system, the working principle and operating procedures; to master the emergency disposal process, as well as disaster disposal measures.
For the alarm system to be regularly tested, cleaned and dusted on a regular basis, the electrical parameters calibration adjustment, and to keep records. For the linkage system to do simulation experiments. Ensure that the action is flexible and effective. For a variety of actuators, are to carry out flexibility, reliability, real-time testing. Especially the main and backup power supply switching each other, emergency lighting and fire broadcasting.
Annexed: large shopping malls and supermarkets of the fire system 〈Working Procedures〉
Daily inspection
Equipment maintenance workers once a day in accordance with the "equipment, facilities, inspection content and procedures" inspection of the pump room and the fan room equipment, record "pump room inspection record sheet" and "fan equipment inspection record sheet". Equipment abnormalities and malfunctions in a timely manner to report to the equipment supervisor, record the "equipment failure record sheet", and in the weak electricity foreman under the coordination of abnormalities and failures;
Security personnel are responsible for the daily inspection of fire protection facilities, fire protection facilities at all levels of the monthly inspection once a month, the results of the inspection will be recorded in the hydrant, the extinguishing machine box in the record sheet.
Periodic inspection
The weak power maintenance operator is responsible for the monthly fire hydrant pumps, sprinkler pumps, air supply and smoke exhaust machine, dual power supply start-up test, record the "regular start-up of the equipment record sheet";
Organized by the weak power foreman and operated by the security supervisor, security personnel and equipment maintenance workers involved in the fire hydrant once a year, the sprinkler to carry out the system test; air supply, Smoke exhaust system test; power, control linkage function and alarm security system test. Record "fire hydrant, sprinkler system test record sheet", "fire air supply, smoke exhaust system test record sheet".
Maintenance
Weak-electricity operation and maintenance workers are responsible for the maintenance of fire protection facilities;
Equipment rooms are cleaned once a week, and units are cleaned once a month. Fire pump "running" and "standby" monthly regular startup alternately replaced once;
According to the "equipment, facilities (annual) cycle inspection, maintenance schedule" and "fire equipment (facilities) maintenance procedures" content requirements for cycle Inspection, maintenance, and record the results in the "equipment, facilities cycle inspection, maintenance record sheet";
Fire protection equipment, facilities maintenance work recorded in the "equipment, facilities maintenance record sheet".
Weak-electricity equipment
[Work procedures]
Cycle inspection and maintenance according to the "equipment, facilities (annual) cycle inspection, maintenance schedule" and "weak electricity equipment (facilities) repair and maintenance procedures" of the contents of the requirements of the cycle inspection, maintenance and record the results in the "equipment, facilities cycle inspection, maintenance record sheet";
Weak-electricity equipment, facilities maintenance work Record "equipment, facilities maintenance record sheet";
Weak-electricity equipment abnormalities and malfunctions in a timely manner to report to the weak-electricity foreman, record "equipment failure record sheet", and timely troubleshooting of anomalies and malfunctions.
Equipment Inspection Standards
Power Supply and Distribution Equipment
[Power Transformer]
Check whether the power transformer meets the requirements.
Whether the tap changer gear matches the power supply.
Whether the shell grounding device is reliable, grounding resistance is qualified.
Transformer temperature is within the required range, ventilation is good.
Three-phase voltmeter is balanced, transformer sound is normal.
Whether the fastening of the terminals is good.
[High-voltage switchgear]
Whether the withstand voltage test is in accordance with the specification.
Isolation switches, load switches and fuses are correctly positioned, leveled and secure.
Operating mechanism action is flexible, correct, porcelain parts should be clean, there should be no cracks and scars.
Disconnecting switches, load switches and fuses should be tightly connected to the wires.
The grounding wire connection should be tight and firm, and the anticorrosion treatment should be even and without leakage.
[Low-voltage switchgear]
Whether the voltage withstand test complies with the specification.
The equipment in the switchgear cabinet should be complete, intact, fixed and secure, and the disk surface paint should be intact.
Secondary wiring and electrical appliances or terminal connections should be firm, tied neatly arranged, clear and complete signs.
Grounding wire connection should be tight and firm.
Operating part should be flexible, contact and mechanical blocking action should be correct.
Gate switch, load switch, air switch and fuse intact.
Contactors and various relays are intact, panel indicators and buttons are intact.
Dual power switching box can automatically switch.
Control box manual and automatic operation can run.
[Lighting equipment]
Lamps, switches, sockets and lighting distribution boxes are fixed firmly, clean and tidy.
Whether the switch cuts off the phase wire, whether the single-phase three-pole socket grounding wire is reliable, and whether there is any danger of electric shock to the lighting head.
Is the insulation of the lighting line good, the terminal should not be exposed, the height of the lamps and lanterns in accordance with the regulations.
Explosion-proof humid places whether the application of explosion-proof moisture-proof lamps.
Warehouse lighting fixtures and combustibles between the distance to meet the requirements.
Whether the moving lighting fixtures with safe voltage 24 volts.
[Lightning protection grounding device]
Check whether the grounding resistance value meets the requirements.
The grounding wire should be straight and firm, and there should be no undulation or bending.
Welding of the grounding body should be firm, and the anticorrosion treatment should be even.