Introduction
Tourmaline (T ourm cline) is the general name of the tourmaline family of minerals.
Chemical composition is more complex . Is characterized by boron containing aluminum, sodium, iron, magnesium,
file the ring structure of silicate 1hm,. Mineral . The structural formula is N a( M g, Fe,
M n, 1,i, Al) }A16 }Si60,} ) }T30})}(OH, F) 4. According to the analogous homogeneity of not I }J
. It can be divided into iron tourmaline, magnesium tourmaline and filed tourmaline
. Tourmaline crystal structure for the bipartite crystal system. The symmetry type is 1.}3>?
Crystals are often short columnar, long columnar or acicular (columns and longitudinal lines . Transverse section
and spherical and diametrical. The aggregates are acicular, fibrous or radial).
Sometimes granular or cryptocrystalline masses. The color varies with the composition. Black
(with F e), red (rich in Mn, Li, as}, tawny (with Cr). Colorless
transparent rare; glassy luster, hardness 7 } 7.5, non-decomposition, density
degree 2. 9} 3. 5g/ cm}, with thermoelectricity and piezoelectricity, is a classic
type high temperature gas-forming minerals. Tourmaline is mainly produced in several pegmatites and gas-forming
high temperature hydrothermal deposits, and beryl, topaz, filed mother-of-pearl, monazite, etc.
*** born, but also seen in several metamorphic rocks and alluvial mines.
Tourmaline is mainly produced in the former Soviet Union, the United States, Myanmar, Brazil
and other countries, Africa is also a tourmaline-producing areas, China's tourmaline resources
sources are mainly distributed in J a few Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia accounted for the stone South, Jilin, Shandong and other provinces
pegmatite development areas.
Tourmaline as a new type of industrial minerals, in the field of environmental protection, electricity
r, medicine, chemical industry, light industry, building materials and other fields, mountain "a few minerals unique
property and high value-added products, by the world's countries in the general attention.
With the development and application and process technology research in-depth, has made
larger development, showing a broad application prospects.
2 Tourmaline development and research status
2. 1 foreign tourmaline development and research profile
19s9 years, the Japanese wood scholars I< ubo first discovered tourmaline in the spontaneous electrodes, tourmaline particles around the existence of the phenomenon of the static field, he
Tourmaline micropowder of the electric field effect of the start of a series of application studies
This has led to a new wave of research on tourmaline in the field of environmental and human health care
. Since then, Japan, the United States and other countries scholars have begun this side of the
Applied research, one after another applied for a number of patents. In recent years, some research institutions around the world
invested huge sums of money from South America and other places to buy tourmaline
stones, crushed into particles for a number of research and industrial tests.
In the field of tourmaline development and research, Japan, the United States, South Korea and some European
countries in the "several leading level, involved in a wide range of fields, such as electric r.
Pharmaceuticals, chemical industry, light industry, environmental protection, etc., and its products have replaced the detergent detergent powder washing
washing ball, skin and hair detergents, cosmetic fillers, sewage treatment agents
(device), dust absorbers, and so forth. ), floating dust absorber, artificial fiber, etc., the science and technology industry will be widely used in "several environmental protection, medical care, daily-use chemicals, plastics, construction and installation
full, national defense, negative ion generator, health clothing and health care products, cosmetics
products, cigarettes, medicines, automobiles, paints, improve the soil, water treatment, purification of
air and shielding of electromagnetic radiation and other high-tech fields. electromagnetic radiation and other high-tech fields.
2.1.1 Water treatment research
Tourmaline has a thermoelectricity and piezoelectricity, can adsorb fine dust in the air
, but also enhance the activity of drinking water from the nu available "a few drinking
water activation, sewage treatment, crop spraying and other fields.
Tourmaline minerals in the water zet potential of a 20. sss}V,
Mountain "a few light based on the existence of the table, through the electrostatic mutual attraction can be with the water
in the yin and yang away from the r role, mountain "a few spontaneous polarization effect in the tourmaline
around the existence of the stone in order. The electrostatic field which is polarized by the axis axis, Fo=
P,/ 2 }o. According to the value of P* given by V oigt, it is obtained that Fo= 6. 2 X
106V/m o The electrostatic field weakens rapidly as it moves away from the center, F,. = ( 2/
3) F_al r less than 3, where "for the radius of the tourmaline particles,: for the distance from the center
center, it can be seen in the tourmaline surface and thickness of more than ten microns within the paradigm
there is a high field strength of 10 'maximum value) a 104V / m, in the role of electrostatic
fields, the water r Electrolysis occurs, the formation of H ten and OH-, H ten
and water r combined to form the active fraction rH}0 ten, the active fraction r has
extremely strong boundaries and activity, can attract impurities in the water, dirt, and play a
purification of the role of the water source; OH a water r and water r combined with the formation of the negative r,
can increase the number of negative f in the air, improve the living environment. people's living environment.
2. 1. 2 to go 1:}J purification research and
According to the mechanism of the action of tourmaline and water, tourmaline can be used as a variety of
substitutes for laundry detergent, detergent, such as the manufacture of non-phosphorus far-infrared ceramic laundry ball containing particles of tourmaline
in the process of washing, the reflection of the far
infrared role of the "a few water, so that the water r to obtain energy, generate a large number of water, and then the water is not a source of energy, but a source of energy. Water r get energy, produce a lot of
activated oxygen and negative i ion J", using the principle of boundary and activation, wash away the clothing on
the word, scale. Such as antibacterial, anti-mold, insecticide, deodorant purpose _ infrared radiation
synthetic ceramics, its composition is: 20% of a 30% serpentine, 15%
a 25% magnesite, 20% of a 30% of hornblende, 15% of a 25%
silica, 3% of a 7% of tourmaline and 3% of a 7% of the tuff,
the synthetic The synthetic ceramic is alkaline, pH is constant, radiates infrared rays, produces negative
Isolated r, decomposes into ammonia, disperses mosquitoes, and can be used to clean the bathroom or sanitary
room deodorization.
2. 1.3 Healthcare research and
Mountain "a few tourmaline can have to go electromagnetic waves into the human body does not
go far infrared rays, can be made into a variety of protective devices, with "a few computer operation
room, arc operation room, substation, and other places, as well as televisions, game
machine, cell phones, and other various electrical protection equipment. . Can also be used to promote
blood_fluid_circulation and metabolism, relieve fatigue, as well as antimicrobial, deodorant, anti
mold, anti-moth-eaten, anti-static properties, foot massage, speed up the rehabilitation of medical care
health and so on. Such as with "a few improve blood_fluid circulation of health shoes, the shoes contain
tourmaline flakes, placed "a few soles of the edge of the shoe or shoe body of the corresponding
fang, the tourmaline flakes in the infrared radiation produced by electrical stimulation, from Ifn to promote
legs and feet of the blood_fluid circulation; containing tourmaline particles of the standing electrode synthesis
synthetic fibers, the tourmaline particles r and the synthetic fiber mass ratio of 0.5 to 5. synthetic fiber mass ratio of 0.5%}
2%, the maximum diameter of the tourmaline particles is 0.21}m, and the average diameter is
0.15um or smaller, and its advantage is that the tourmaline particles can be easily dispersed uniformly in the synthetic fibers, and used in the garments, especially the sports fibers
vitamin garments, which can produce highly active ions and improve the blood_fluid circulation of
the legs and feet. Blood_fluid_circulation, so that
People's energy day Wang Sheng.
2. 1. 4 filler research and
Tourmaline mineral color is darker, with silane coupling agent surface and change
sex, can be used as a filler, "a few opaque rubber and plastic materials. Such as tourmaline
and plastic raw materials and lubricants through a certain proportion mixed in a
together, in the extruder extrusion uniform 7{fermentation, and then injected into the formation of rosary beads
shaped, ring-shaped, etc., used in the plastics industry in a lot of products, with
a certain advantage. Such as polystyrene or polystyrene containing *** poly
things with an average diameter of 0. lum to lmm tourmaline particles mixed
combined with the heating molding of the complex, with a good l from the r role
use, with "a few food preservation, deodorization and sterilization, electromagnetic wave abatement, and other industrial fields
domains.
2. 1. 5 acoustic-electric materials research and
Mountain "a few tourmaline minerals have piezoelectric properties, that is, in the role of pressure or tension
Force can be provoked by the surface of the charge, if it will be placed in the "a few outside the electric field
in the tourmaline crystals will be corresponding to the occurrence of the {T}I} expansion or contraction. When the external electric field
is an alternating electric field, it will be synchronized with the electric field's change of sign Ifu
alternatively occur {T}I}expansion and contraction, that is to say, the frequency of its vibration is the same as that of the electric field frequency
rate of mechanical vibration. This property is widely used in several wireless
electricity industry, tourmaline can be used as the wavelength adjuster
in the radio industry, polarizer in the polarizer. Tourmaline that is well crystallized, unbent and uncracked
. Used as a piezoelectric meter for determining impulse pressure in air and water.
Can also be used to "a few sonar wood parts, test material standards, instruments and industrial equipment
Wood devices. Such as the use of J several skin epidermis power generation controller.
Designed to allow light to pass through the vicinity of the drug. In the direction of light
directed fluctuation field. Current controllers use "electrotherapy. They also electrify
the epidermis of the skin to stimulate nerves. This type of therapy is expected to replace needling, baking
stabbing, and far-infrared radiation therapy. Also used are J-type mirrors containing parabolic columns and reflective
mirrors and electric sensors containing tourmaline crystals with current outputs.
z.1.6 Coatings and paints
In the hull coatings of ocean-going vessels mixed with tourmaline micropowder. It can
Adsorb anionic I, -JI_ by electrolysis of water to form a single fraction of the film.
It prevents marine organisms such as shellfish and algae from attaching to the hull.
Ifn avoids the damage to the marine environment caused by the paint. According to the performance of tourmaline. Ultrafine tourmaline can be used as a paint filler
with antirust properties. Tourmaline particles in the paint generate a weak current. Water adsorbed on the surface
is electrolyzed by the weak current. The synthesized OH- combines with the
moisture r to form H}02, which is a surface-active agent. By
surface-active agent dirt rust binds with water r.7{from the surface.
The product has good anti-rust performance. It can be used in several construction, shipbuilding and other industries
.
As a coating for cell phones, household appliances and other coatings. Add 3%
20% of tourmaline into 100% PV C. It can be used as a coating for mobile phones and household appliances. It is good for physical and mental
health. It can be used in the refrigerator for food preservation, sterilization and deodorization.
2,. 1. 7 abrasive material research side
Tourmaline mineral hardness. Generally 7. 2. can be used as abrasive
material. Can also be utilized in large quantities of non-electric r industrial use of fine
granular tourmaline. Make full use of the valuable tourmaline resources.
The natural tourmaline grinding particles are bonded together by Y'"}compound. The high hardness and piezoelectricity of tourmaline. It can be formed into an I-type polishing stone.
The whetstone is composed of abrasive grains of tourmaline. It is bonded by Y'"}
compound. It has the advantages of high processing efficiency, satisfactory processing
work performance and safe and pollution-free working environment. No dust will be generated when polishing the coated surface of
metal. It can produce the air ionomer which is suitable for several human bodies
to breathe. It can make laborers recover from fatigue. At the same time
Mountain" several tourmaline hardness. It can also be used as a building material for highways.
Tourmaline of a predetermined fineness is placed on top of the main road material.
Reduces l:l:J water retention. Making it possible to utilize tourmaline as a roadway material for highways in snowy areas. Improves environmental quality.
2.2 Overview of the development and research of domestic tourmaline
Compared with the above countries. China's research and development of tourmaline
Development and there is a certain gap. There are fewer comprehensive and basic
research reports and product development on tourmaline. China has relatively abundant
tourmaline resources. In addition to gemstones and scientific research equipment components. There are still
considerably large resources have not been developed and utilized especially black tourmaline.
Domestic tourmaline is easy to mine and easy to select minerals, high grade, good quality, development
Broad prospects.
In the past, people have been treating tourmaline as a gemstone mineral, and the non-gemstone application of
tourmaline has not been recognized, resulting in a large number of tourmaline resources not
capable of being used as gemstones not being developed and utilized, or only used
as a raw material for abrasive materials, or discarded to the side. After all, there are only a few tourmalines that can be used as gemstones, and most of them can't be used as gemstones.
Tourmaline is a new type of environmentally friendly mineral that can be utilized as gemstones, but it is also an industrial mineral that can be utilized as a raw material for abrasive materials, or it can be discarded. Tourmaline as a new type of environmentally friendly minerals, the relevant state
departments are also concerned about the development of this emerging discipline, 7{give sub
statutory support in the basic theoretical research, the level of its level of participation in the
international academic exchanges, dialogue and the ability to compete.
Tourmaline in the
development and utilization of the way, there are still many theoretical and practical aspects of the problem
to be researched and explored, while the quality of tourmaline evaluation of industrial standards also
to be developed as soon as possible.
At present, Xinjiang, Shandong, Yunnan, Guangxi, Jiangsu and other provinces have tourmaline
Tourmaline raw minerals, crystals (in a crystal), micropowder, ultra-fine micropowder raw material supply. In
development and application of research, the development of products are environmentally friendly washing ball, self
water purification with ceramic balls, anionic fibers, tourmaline inside and outside the wall
coating and air deodorant.
3 Tourmaline application prospects
Tourmaline minerals as a new type of resources being developed,
its application is more and more attention by countries around the world, a variety of patented technologies
more and more, there are tourmaline manufacturing methods, tourmaline ceramic ball manufacturing
manufacturing, containing tourmaline particles of synthetic fibers manufacturing method. We through the
domestic Shandong Province, Yunnan Province and other different origins of tourmaline minerals
chemical analysis, physical properties of the test, mineralogy, the mechanism of action and other research
studies, combined with domestic and foreign development and research of the patents and information, looking forward to the new industry
industrial minerals of tourmaline in order to bu the main prospects for application.
3. 1 environmental protection
Mountain "several tourmaline has thermoelectric properties, can react with charged particles
reaction, adsorption of fine dust in the air, can be treated with factory exhaust, purification
chemical water quality, treatment of sewage, and neutralization of acid and alkali in the water, can be used "several acid RI:! , on
soil acidification treatment, etc.. Such as black tourmaline ultrafine powder, particle size 0. 1
a 15um, in. A 70 0C temperature range can be applied to water purification,
medicine, desalination and other industries. Tourmaline can also enhance the drinking water activity
sex, so widely used in "several air purification, drinking water activation, sewage treatment
treatment, crop spraying and other fields.
According to the mechanism of the action of tourmaline in water, combined with the retrieved
patented materials, Shandong Ruxi tourmaline and black yao rock, millimetalite and other
composite fine-grained minerals are bonded with cement, sintered at 700 ~ 12000C
bu. The far-infrared rays emitted by the mixed minerals can be used to purify J several
water, but also antibacterial deodorization.
3. 2 health care medical
Tourmaline can enhance the activity of drinking water or make the air negative l ion f
increase, can be widely used in "a few drinking water activation, crop spray and
purification of the air in various fields, to promote plant growth and human health. Among the known
known electret minerals with permanent polarity, tourmaline is the strongest permanent
sexual self-generation polarity, because Ifn its polarization vector will not be affected by the external
partial electric field, IfuN_tourmaline can emit far-infrared wavelengths of 4} 14um
electromagnetic wave radiation, which affects the human body's leukocyte_balloon activity
inhibition of saturation, and the human body's health.
movement, inhibit the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, improve blood_fluid circulation, can be
widely used" several beauty, medical industry, has great potential. Such as the manufacture of
new fiber materials, is a mountain of ultra-fine tourmaline and other minerals composed of a mixture of
materials made of synthetic ceramics, and then the mountain of synthetic ceramics containing tourmaline and other
human minerals of man-made fibers. The man-made r}fiber can release active
l ion r, from Ifn has the effect of enhancing or activating the cells of living organisms.
Artificial fibers containing tourmaline and other natural minerals have far-infrared
ray emission, antibacterial, deodorant, anti-mildew, anti-moth-eaten and anti-static properties.
The fiber made of human underwear and other products can increase blood_fluid circulation, raise
higher epidermal temperature, human health has played a role in health care.
3. 3 decontamination washing
Tourmaline can enhance the activity of water, adsorption of impurities in water, remove water
in the Shantou,, can be used as a variety of laundry detergents, detergents, such as manufacturing
made containing tourmaline particles of non-phosphorus far-infrared ceramic laundry ball, in the
laundering process, the role of the reflection of the far-infrared J a few water r,. The far-infrared rays are reflected from the water and the water is energized to produce a large amount of activated oxygen and negative l-ion,
Using the principle of activation, the ball works strongly with the dirt on the clothes, avoiding the pollution of the environment by chemical substances
The washing ball can be used as a washing machine to clean the clothes.
Washing ball products for washing machines special washing ball, can completely replace
washing powder, the test proved that the decontamination effect is better, a set of washing ball positive
often can wash 1000 kg of clothing. The product has a strong sterilization,
deodorization, anti-static, softening the role of clothing. The washing ball does not dissolve" several water,
no residual detergent, because Ifn the human body does not go; washing water contact with the skin
not only no allergic reaction, Ifu N_ have skin care function; is a set of water-saving,
energy-saving, environmentally friendly, health care" several integration of a new concept of washing products.
3. 4 Electromagnetic shielding and other
Many objects around the human body, such as cell phones, telephones, microwave ovens, computers
will emit electromagnetic waves, the human body caused by varying degrees of negative and impact.
Tourmaline can react with the moisture r in the air to form the yin l ion r,
neutralizing the yang ion r emitted by the radiation to stop the spread of electromagnetic waves. Only
To make a shell with substances containing tourmaline micropowder, it can effectively play
the role of electromagnetic shielding.
In addition, tourmaline can also be used in the fields of "several abrasive materials, rubber and plastic fillers, coating
layer coatings, synthetic fibers and so on.
4 Conclusion
A few days ago, tourmaline in the application of the prospects of the research is still "a few"
preliminary stage. The focus of the current research is to carry out basic theoretical
studies to explore the internal and
external factors affecting the spontaneous polarization effect of tourmaline on the one hand, and to make practical attempts to apply it on the other hand.
With the development of China's national economy and the improvement of people's living standards
, the requirements for environmental protection, health care and other aspects will be higher and higher,
Tourmaline in these areas has a unique role and effect, as well as
higher value-added, so that it has a good prospect for development. The development and application of tourmaline
products will certainly produce high social and economic
benefits.