Bauxite is actually a collective term for industrially available ores consisting of alumina trihydrate, soft alumina monohydrate, or hard alumina monohydrate as the main minerals. Bauxite applications in metal and non-metal aspects, is the best raw material for the production of aluminum metal, but also the most important application areas, its use accounts for more than 90% of the world's total bauxite production. Bauxite in the non-metallic aspects of the amount of proportion is small, but the use is very broad.
Bauxite actually refers to the industrial use, with alumina trihydrate, monohydrate soft alumina or monohydrate hard alumina as the main mineral composition of the ore. It has both metallic and non-metallic applications. Bauxite is the best raw material for the production of metallic aluminum and is the most important application area, with its usage accounting for more than 90% of the world's total bauxite production. Bauxite
The non-metallic uses of bauxite are mainly as raw materials for refractories, abrasive materials, chemical products and high-alumina cement. Bauxite in the non-metallic aspects of the amount of proportion is small, but the use is very wide. For example: chemical products to sulfate, trihydrate and aluminum chloride and other products can be applied to paper, water purification, ceramics and petroleum refining; activated alumina in the chemical, refining, pharmaceutical industry can be used as catalysts, catalyst carriers and decolorization, dehydration, degassing, deacidification, drying, and other physical adsorbents; with r-Al2O3 production of aluminum chloride can be used for dyes, rubber, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, and other organic synthesis applications; Glass composition of 3% to 5% Al2O3 can improve the melting point, viscosity, strength; abrasive materials is the main raw material for high-grade grinding wheels, polishing powder; refractory materials are indispensable furnace materials in the industrial sector. Aluminum metal is the second most important metal in the world after steel, the world per capita consumption in 1995 reached 3.29 kg. Due to the small specific gravity of aluminum, good electrical and thermal conductivity, easy to mechanical processing and many other good properties, and therefore widely used in various sectors of the national economy. At present, the world's largest amount of aluminum is the construction, transportation and packaging sectors, accounting for more than 60% of the total consumption of aluminum. Aluminum is an indispensable raw material for the electrical industry, aircraft manufacturing industry, machinery industry and civil appliances. The focus is on bauxite and its deposits for the production of metallic aluminum. As for bauxite and its deposits used as refractory clay, they are discussed in the non-metallic minerals "Refractory Clay".
Edit Main Components
Gibbsite Al(OH)3 Alumina trihydrate is a crystalline hydrate of aluminum hydroxide, which is the main component of bauxite
Bauxite. The crystals of alumina trihydrate are extremely fine, and the crystals are clustered together into nodules, beans, or earthy shapes, which are generally white with a glassy luster, or reddish if they contain impurities. They are mainly secondary minerals produced by the weathering of feldspar and other aluminum-bearing minerals. The chemical composition is Al(OH)3, the crystal is monoclinic P21/n space group of hydroxide minerals. With Bayer three water alumina (bayerite) and Nord three water alumina (nordstrandite) into homogeneous polymorphism. Formerly known as trihydrate alumina or hydroaluminoxite. To mineral collector C.G. Gibbs (Gibbs) last name in 1822. The crystal structure is similar to that of hydromagnesite, which consists of sandwich-cookie type (OH)-Al-(OH)-coordinated octahedral layers stacked parallel to each other, except that Al3+ does not occupy all octahedral voids in the sandwich, but only occupies 2/3 of them.The crystals of alumina trihydrate are generally extremely fine, pseudo-hexagonal, and often bicrystalline, and are usually produced in nodule, bean, and earthy assemblages. White, or stained by impurities and light red to red. Glassy luster, with pearly luster on the cleavage surface. The base surface is very well disintegrated. Morse hardness 2.5-3.5, specific gravity 2.40. Alumina trihydrate is mainly a secondary product of chemical weathering of feldspar and other aluminum-bearing minerals, and is the main mineral component of laterite bauxite. It is the main mineral component of laterite bauxite. However, it can also be of low-temperature hydrothermal origin. Crystals up to 5 centimeters in size have been produced from hydrothermal veins in Zlatoustovsk, South Urals, Russia. For uses, see Bauxite.
Edit Morphological Properties
Bauxite (crystal chemistry) Theoretical composition (wB%): Al2O365.4, H2O34.6. Common analogous homogeneous substitutions are Fe and Ga, with Fe2O3 up to 2% and Ga2O3 up to 0.006%. In addition, often contains impurities CaO, MgO, SiO2, etc.. Monoclinic crystal system: a0=0.864nm, b0=0.507nm, c0=0.972nm; Z=8. Crystal structure Bauxite
Similar to hydromagnesite, it is a typical layered structure. The difference is that Al3 only fills 2/3 of the octahedral voids in the two layers of OH- between the OH-hexagonal most tightly packed layers (∥(001)), because Al3 has a higher charge than Mg2, so the charge of OH- can be balanced by a smaller number of Al3. Rhombohedral column crystals: C2h-2/m(L2PC). Crystals in the form of pseudohexagonal plates, very rare. Main monomorphs: parallel double-sided a and c, rhombohedral m. Often follows (100) and (110) into bicrystals. Commonly aggregated sheet bicrystals. Assemblages are radial-fibrous, squamous, crusty, stalactitic or oolitic, pea-like, globular nodules or as fine-grained earthy masses. Mainly colloidal amorphous or fine-grained crystalline. Physical properties: white or light gray, light green, light red hue due to impurities. Glassy luster, pearly luster on the detrital surface. Transparent to translucent. Extremely complete disintegration. Hardness 2.5~3.5, relative density 2.30~2.43, earthy odor. Colorless under polarized light. Biaxial crystal. Ng=1.587, Nm=Np=1.566. Production and combination: Mainly made from aluminum-containing silicates by decomposition and hydrolysis. Tropical and subtropical climate favors the formation of tridymite. In regional metamorphism, it can be transformed into soft water alumina and hard water alumina by dehydration (140~200℃); with the increasing degree of metamorphism, it can be transformed into corundum.
Edit Resource Characteristics
China's bauxite mines, in addition to their concentrated distribution, are predominantly large and medium-sized deposits. There are 31 large deposits*** with reserves greater than 20 million tons, which own 49% of the country's total reserves; there are 83 medium-sized deposits*** with reserves between 20 and 5 million tons, which own 37% of the country's total reserves, and the large and medium-sized deposits together account for 86% of the country's total reserves. Bauxite Ore
The quality of China's bauxite ore is relatively poor, with monohydrate stibnite-type ore, which is difficult to process and consumes a lot of energy, accounting for more than 98% of the country's total reserves. In the retained reserves, the first-grade ore (Al2O360%～70%, Al/Si≥12) accounts for only 1.5%, the second-grade ore (Al2O351%～71%, Al/Si≥9) accounts for 17%, the third-grade ore (Al2O362%～69%, Al/Si≥7) accounts for 11.3%, and the fourth-grade ore (Al2O3>62%, Al/Si≥5 ) accounted for 27.9%, fifth-grade ore (Al2O3>58%, Al/Si≥4) accounted for 18%, sixth-grade ore (Al2O3>54%, Al/Si≥3) accounted for 8.3%, seventh-grade ore (Al2O3>48%, Al/Si≥6) accounted for 1.5%, and the rest were of unknown grade. Another disadvantage of bauxite in China is that there are not many bauxite deposits suitable for open-pit mining, accounting for only 34% of the country's total reserves, according to statistics. Unlike foreign laterite bauxite, China's ancient weathered crust bauxite is often **** born and accompanied by a variety of minerals. In the bauxite distribution area, the overlying rock layers often produce industrial coal seams and high-quality limestone. Semi-soft clay, hard clay, iron ore and sulfurous iron ore are found in the ore-bearing rock systems***. Bauxite ores are also associated with gallium, vanadium, lithium, rare earth metals, niobium, tantalum, titanium, scandium and many other useful elements. In some areas, the above *** raw minerals and bauxite together often constitute deposits with industrial value. Gallium, vanadium, scandium, etc. in bauxite also have recovery value. China bauxite, the degree of geological work is relatively high, as of the end of 1994, China's bauxite ore reserves belonging to the exploration stage accounted for 32.5%, belonging to the detailed investigation stage accounted for 55.8%, the two together, the detailed investigation of the level of work above the reserves accounted for 88.3% of the country's total retained reserves.
Editing the discovery process
Aluminum element is in 1825 by the Danish physicist H.C. Oersted (H.C. Oersted) using potassium amalgam and aluminum chloride interaction to obtain aluminum amalgam, and then use distillation to remove the mercury, for the first time, the production of metallic aluminum and discovered. The production of metallic aluminum, the initial stage is Bauxite
Chemical method. That is, in 1854 the French scientist H. SainteClaireDiwill founded the sodium method of chemical method and in 1865 the Russian physical chemist H.H. Beketov (Н. Н. Бекетов) founded the magnesium method of chemical method. France began industrial production in 1855 using the chemical method, the world's first country to produce aluminum. The discovery of bauxite (1821) predates the element aluminum, which was mistakenly thought to be a new mineral at the time. To produce aluminum from bauxite, alumina is first produced, and then aluminum is electrolyzed. Bauxite mining began in 1873 in France, from bauxite production of alumina began in 1894, using the Bayer method, the production scale is only more than 1t per day. By 1900, France, Italy and the United States and other countries have a small amount of bauxite mining, the annual output is only 90,000 tons. With the development of modern industry, aluminum as a metal and alloys used in aviation and military industry, and then expanded to the civil industry, from the aluminum industry has developed rapidly, to 1950, the world's production of aluminum metal has reached 1.51 million tons, increased to 20.92 million tons in 1996, becoming the second most important metal after steel.
Edit this section of the genesis of the law
According to Liao Shifan and others, China's bauxite deposits can be divided into ancient weathered crust bauxite deposits and laterite bauxite deposits. The formation of ancient weathered crust bauxite deposits in China has gone through three stages. The first stage is the terrestrial stage, is formed by weathering under atmospheric conditions containing bauxite minerals, clay minerals, iron oxide minerals, such as residual, slope accumulation of aluminum-rich weathered crust material, bauxite
For example, calcium laterite layer, laterite layer or laterite bauxite, this stage for the atmospheric conditions of the residual in situ, accumulation or ex situ accumulation stage; the second stage is the calcium rich in aluminum, laterite layer or laterite bauxite for the Seawater (or lake water) flooding stage, some immediately for the seawater (or lake water) flooding, some after a certain period of time after the petrogenetic effect for the seawater (or lake water) flooding, and gradually buried deep underground, after a period of time of rock-forming post-generation role of the evolution of the transformation of the formation of primitive bauxite layer; the third stage is the epigenetic enrichment stage, is the primitive bauxite layer with the earth's crust lifted to the surface of the shallow part of the earth due to the surface water or groundwater The third stage is the epigenetic enrichment stage, in which the primitive bauxite layer is uplifted to the shallow part of the earth's surface by surface water or underground water, resulting in the loss of silica and the enrichment of aluminum, and the formation of bauxite deposits with industrial value of higher grade. China's ancient weathered crust bauxite was mainly formed in the Carboniferous period. The formation of this type of bauxite deposits is related to the ancient weathering crust on the erosion interruption surface. Generally speaking, the long period of erosion discontinuity, especially the underlying bedrock is carbonate rock or aluminum containing more easily weathered basaltic ejecta (such as basalt), the formation of the deposit is often rich in ore grade, thick ore layer, the size of the ore body. As for the laterite bauxite deposits, it is generally believed that the formation of modern climatic conditions by the weathering of aluminum-bearing rocks. There is only one subclass of laterite bauxite deposits, called Zhangpu-style laterite bauxite deposits, which are bauxite deposits formed by recent (Quaternary) weathering of Tertiary to Quaternary basalts, and their reserves are very small, accounting for only 1.17% of China's total bauxite reserves. China's modern laterite bauxite is mainly formed in low latitude areas, such as Fujian, Hainan and some areas of Guangdong. These areas have hot weather, abundant rainfall, and easy to weather basalt, so it can form modern laterite bauxite. As for China's Spratly Islands, the Spratly Islands, although also in the low latitude, there is the formation of bauxite climate, but these islands rise for the land time is not long, only 1 to 30,000 years, weathering time is short, so it is difficult to form bauxite deposits.
Edit this paragraph genesis law classification
(1) Xiuwen-style carbonate rock ancient weathering shell heterogeneous accumulation subtype bauxite deposits, also known as carbonate rock ancient weathering shell heterogeneous accumulation subtype bauxite deposits. Its genesis is related to the carbonatite karst lateritic paleo-weathering crust. And because of the bauxite and the underlying carbonate bedrock between a few meters thick lake-phase iron ore lentil deposits, bauxite is not in situ accumulation, but this has been close to drying up the lake near the laterite weathering shells ex-situ migrated to the accumulation of the. This type of deposit is more typical of Xiaoshanba bauxite deposit in Xiwen County, Guizhou. As the underlying bedrock is carbonate rock, the formation by weathering is rich in aluminum calcium laterite residual slope accumulation layer. Generally speaking, the longer the erosion interruption time, i.e., the longer the weathering time, the more and thicker the residual slope accumulation rich in aluminum calcium laterite layer formed by weathering is, the more bauxite minerals are generated, the fewer clay minerals are generated, the richer the ore grade is, and the greater the thickness of the ore layer is. (2) Xin'an-style carbonate paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation subtype bauxite deposits, also known as carbonate rock paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation subtype bauxite deposits, Henan Xin'an Zhang Yaoyuan bauxite deposits are more typical. The bauxite of this type of deposit is directly overlying the karst erosion surface of carbonate rock, which is piled up in situ, and in many cases, it is piled up in karst caves and buckets, and the ore body is not long (a few hundred meters), but the thickness is large (40~60m). If the erosion interruption time is short, generally only the formation of calcium laterite residual layer, slightly migrating and carrying phenomenon, this kind of ore quality, although slightly poor, but the ore layer is stable, the thickness of the change is small. (3) Pingguo-style carbonate paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation-modern karst accumulation subtype bauxite deposits. Also known as carbonate ancient weathering crust in situ accumulation - modern karst accumulation subtype bauxite deposit. This deposit of stratified ore overlying and underlying bedrock hundreds of meters thick bauxite ore
Within the range of limestone, through the Quaternary karstification, limestone, bauxite ore and then weathered into calcium laterite and bauxite ore fragments fell into the accumulation of ore. The formation conditions of this type of heap ore are: a certain scale of stratified ore, suitable climatic conditions, the upper and lower layers of the ore layer should be thick limestone, and the direct top and bottom of the layer of clay shale is thin. (4) Zunyi type alumino-silicate rock paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation subtype bauxite deposit. Also known as alumino-silicate paleo-weathering crust in situ accumulation subtype bauxite deposits, the underlying bedrock is fine clastic rock or basal volcanic rock, is the underlying bedrock laterite weathering crust in situ accumulation (a few slope accumulation) of bauxite deposits. The metallogenic law of this kind of deposit is: firstly, there is a transition phenomenon with the underlying bedrock, and the overlying strata have an erosion discontinuity surface, so the thickness varies greatly, and there are more ore-free days and windows; secondly, the thickness of the ore layer and the size of the ore body, the ore grade is rich and poor, depending on the length of time of the erosion discontinuity when the ore is formed, and the nature of the underlying bedrock whether it is easy to weathering. If the erosion interruption time is long, most of the subordinate bedrock weathered by erosion is fine clastic rock, clay shale, only part of the carbonate rock, often the ore layer is thick, large scale, good ore quality, but then no ore day window increases. If the bedrock underneath the eroded and weathered bedrock is more easily weathered basalt, the thickness of the ore layer and the size of the ore body may be larger, and the ore may also be richer. If the underlying bedrock is more easily weathered basalt, but the time between erosion is too short, the weathering is not complete, the thickness of the ore layer, the size of the ore body and the quality of the ore are difficult to meet the ideal.
Edit Main Uses
Bauxite ore is used for various purposes: (1) Aluminum industry. Used in national defense, aviation, automobiles, electrical appliances, chemicals, daily necessities and so on. (2) Precision casting. Bauxite clinker processed into fine powder made into casting mold after precision casting. Used in military, aerospace, communications, instrumentation, machinery and medical equipment sector. High-alumina cement
(3) for refractory products. High alumina bauxite clinker refractoriness up to 1780 ℃, chemical stability, good physical properties. (4)Aluminosilicate refractory fiber. It has the advantages of light weight, high temperature resistance, good thermal stability, low thermal conductivity, small heat capacity and resistance to mechanical vibration. It is used in various industries such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metallurgy, electronics, petroleum, chemical industry, astronautics, atomic energy, national defense and so on. It is the high alumina clinker into the melting temperature of about 2000 ~ 2200 ℃ in the high-temperature electric arc furnace, high-temperature melting, high-pressure high-speed air or steam blowing, cooling, into a white "cotton" - aluminum silicate refractory fiber. It can be pressed into fiber blankets, boards or woven into cloth instead of smelting, chemical industry, glass and other industries, high-temperature kiln lining refractory bricks. Firefighters can use refractory fiber cloth made of clothes. (5) magnesium sand and bauxite clinker as raw materials, add appropriate binding agent, used for casting steel drums as a whole barrel lining effect is very good. (6) Manufacture of bauxite cement, abrasive materials, ceramic industry and the chemical industry can make a variety of aluminum compounds. One of the most important use is: aluminum industry in the extraction of aluminum metal, as refractory materials and grinding materials, as well as used as raw materials for high-alumina cement. The quality requirements of the ore are different for different uses. China Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation (CNMIC) issued an industry standard for bauxite ore in 1994 (YS/T78-94). According to this standard, bauxite is divided into three major types: sedimentary monohydrate chalcocite, accumulation monohydrate chalcocite, and laterite trihydrate alumina, and is classified into nine grades according to its chemical composition, such as LK12-70, LK8-65, LK5-60, LK3-53, LK15-60, LK11-55, LK8-50, LK7-50, LK3-40, etc. The standard has been adopted for the production of bauxite ore. In addition to the chemical composition of bauxite, the standard also requires that the moisture content of sedimentary monohydrate chondrite shall not be greater than 7%, and the moisture content of heap type monohydrate chondrite and laterite type trihydrate bauxite shall not be greater than 8%. In addition, it is required that the particle size of bauxite ore shall not be greater than 150mm. bauxite ore shall not be mixed with dirt, limestone and other debris.
Edit Type Distribution
Basic Types Subtypes Main Distribution Areas
Monohydrate Bauxite 1) Hydrotalcite-kaolinite type (D-K type) Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Guizhou
Monohydrate Bauxite 2) Hydrotalcite-phyllosilicate type (D-P type) Henan
Monohydrate Bauxite 3) Boehmite- Kaolinite type (B-K type) Shandong, Shanxi
Monohydrate bauxite 4) Hydrotalcite-illite type (D-I type) Henan
Monohydrate bauxite 5) Hydrotalcite-kaolinite-rutile (D-K-R type) Sichuan
Trihydrate bauxite Trihydrate bauxite type (G type) Fujian, Guangdong
Edit Typical deposits in the section
Xiuwen Xiaoshanba Bauxite Mining Area, Guizhou
Xiuwen Xiaoshanba Bauxite Mining Area began exploration in 1957, with a cumulative total of 20.264 million tons of proven bauxite, with an average ore grade of 67.91%.1979, Wulongsi Mining Area began production, with the ore layer in the form of a seemingly stratified layer, with a gently sloping production, dipping at an angle of 5° to 10°, and inclined to the north-east.
Shanxi xiaoyi ke russian bauxite deposit
The earliest exploration of ke russian bauxite deposit ke russian section in 1960, followed by the exploration of bujiayu and other sections of the mine, **** the cumulative total of 62,656,000 tons of proven bauxite, the average grade of the ore is 64.36%. 1986, shanxi aluminum plant began to xiaoyi bauxite ore mining. The ore types are dense, rough and bean oolitic.
Henan Xin'an Zhang Yaoyuan Bauxite Deposit
The deposit was explored with refractory clay ore from 1961 to 1964, and began production in 1966. A total of 9.497 million tons of bauxite has been proved. The geological age of the ore-bearing layer is the same as that of the Xiaoyi Keo deposit in Shanxi, both belonging to the Late Carboniferous Benxi period.
Guangxi Pingguo Bauxite Deposit
The mining area has an area of 1750km2, and there are stacked ores in the 132km-long range of the distribution of stratified ore bodies. The earliest exploration of primary ore was conducted from 1959 to 1961. Because of the high sulfur content of the primary ore can not be used, in 1974 to the accumulation of ore exploration, before and after a **** cumulative proven bauxite reserves amounted to 126.098 million tons, with an average grade of 64.69%. Due to the stratified ore sulfur content is too high (1.5% to 7%), the industry is still difficult to use.
Zunyi, Guizhou Goujiang bauxite deposits
The mine was explored in 1989, with proven reserves of 11.12 million tons and an average grade of 53.62%. The output shape of the ore layers is complex, with many ore-free skarns and a small ore-bearing coefficient of about 0.5. These rock layers in situ laterite stripping into bauxite material, clay minerals and other weathered shell material in situ accumulation, a small portion of the nearby weathered shell bauxite minerals, clay minerals due to the role of the slope accumulation of slightly migrated and accumulated.
Hainan Penglai bauxite deposits
The deposit is a modern laterite bauxite deposits, 1959 ~ 1961 census exploration, in 1975 on the Robben 5, 6 and other 9 ore bodies and exploration, *** cumulative proven bauxite reserves amounted to 21.906 million tons, with an average grade of 44.4%. Bauxite ore is distributed on the top of the gentle hills, elevation about 30 to 60m, for the Tertiary to Quaternary basalt weathering laterite type three water alumina bauxite deposits.
Shandong zibo wangcun bauxite mine
Wangcun bauxite mine is located in the northwest of zibo basin. 1956 for its detailed investigation, 1964 to 1965 for the initial and detailed exploration work. 1958 began to mining, 1967 end. 1965 for the opening up of the infrastructure, in 1966 put into production. The mine accumulated 2.945 million tons of proven bauxite, a small deposit.
Editing the development base
Guizhou is the main producing area of bauxite in China, with reserves accounting for about 1/5 of the country, among which, Qingzhen and Xiowen have the largest bauxite reserves and the highest grade. Bauxite ore can be used to make cement and refractory materials after processing, and can also be used in aluminum industry, non-ferrous metal smelting and abrasive industry. The bauxite mining and deep processing base relies on Qingzhen Magee Mine, Guiyang Refractories Factory's mine. in June 2007, a company in Shenzhen successfully acquired the whole property of Guiyang Refractories Factory, a policy bankrupt enterprise. In accordance with the "revitalization of stock, optimization of incremental" principle, the company has invested nearly 200 million yuan on the development of the Qingzhen Magee mine. It is expected that by the end of 2009, the company in Guizhou will form a comprehensive production capacity of 40.4 million tons / year of production capacity, can achieve sales income of 3.1 billion yuan, and then become China's largest refractory finishing enterprises in the south of the Yangtze River and in the southwest region. Guiyang Refractories Factory is located in Qingzhen City, Magee Township bauxite mining and deep processing base started construction. Three rotary kiln production lines with an annual output of 60,000 tons of high-alumina clinker were constructed, becoming the largest bauxite deep-processing base in Guizhou Province. Guizhou is expected to become China's largest bauxite deep processing base.
Editing a brief history of the mining industry
China's bauxite census and search for minerals first began in 1924, when the Japanese Junxiong Itamoto and other geological surveys of bauxite shale in Liaoyang, Liaoning Province, and Yantai, Shandong Province, were carried out. After that, Japanese Onuki Yoshio and others, as well as Chinese scholars Wang Zhuquan, Xie Jiarong, Chen Hongcheng and other successive Shandong Zibo area, Hebei Tangshan and Kailuan area, Shanxi Taiyuan, Xishan and Yangquan area, Liaoning Benxi and Fuzhouwan area bauxite and bauxite shale carried out a special geological survey. The investigation of bauxite in southern China began in 1940, starting with Bian Zhaoxiang's investigation of bauxite near the town of Banqiao in Kunming, Yunnan. Subsequently, from 1942 to 1945, Peng Qirui, Xie Jiarong, Le Sen Wang Xun and others, successively conducted geological surveys and systematic sampling work on bauxite and high-alumina clay ores in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. In general, the work before the founding of new China is mostly a general survey and investigation and research nature. Bauxite real geological exploration work from the founding of new China began. 1953 ~ 1955 years, the Ministry of Metallurgy and the Ministry of Geology of the geological team of Shandong Zibo bauxite, Henan Gongxian Xiaoguan bauxite (such as Zhulin ditch, Chadian, Shuitou and Zhongling and other mines), Guizhou Qian bauxite (such as Linxi, Xiaoshanba, Yan ridge, etc.), Shanxi Yangquan baijiazhuang mine, and so on, carried out the geological exploration work. Geological exploration work. However, due to the lack of experience in bauxite exploration and blindly applying the former Soviet Union's bauxite specification without combining the actual situation of bauxite in China, most of the geological exploration reports were downgraded and the reserves were reduced a lot when they were reviewed from 1960 to 1962. 1958 onwards, China accumulated some experience in bauxite exploration, and found and explored a lot of mining areas on the basis of the large-scale copper-aluminum census. Exploration of a number of mining areas, the more important are: Henan Zhang Yaoyuan, Guangxi Pingguo, Shanxi Xiaoyi Keru, Fujian Zhangpu, Hainan Penglai and other bauxite mining areas. China's bauxite mining began in 1911, when the Japanese first of China's Liaoning Province, Fuzhou Bay bauxite mining, followed by 1925 ~ 1941 and Liaoning Province, Liaoyang, Shandong Yantai mining area A, G two layers of bauxite mining, the above mining is used as refractory materials. 1941 ~ 1943 Japanese Zibo bauxite mine in Shandong Province, the Hutian and Fenghuishui mine Tianzhuang, Hongtupo Mining was carried out, the ore as raw materials for aluminum refining. Later, Taiwan Aluminum Company also had a small-scale mining for aluminum refining. The large-scale development and utilization of bauxite in China started after the new country, and the first one was to restore Fengshui mine in Shandong Province which had been mined by Japanese on a small scale in 1954, and the three major aluminum factories of 501, 502 and 503 were successively constructed in Shandong, Henan and Guizhou Provinces after 1958, and in order to satisfy the demand of these three aluminum factories for bauxite, the Zhangdian Aluminum Mines were built in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi and Guizhou Provinces, Xiaoguan Aluminum Mine, Luoyang Aluminum Mine, Xiowen Aluminum Mine, Qingzhen Aluminum Mine, Yangquan Aluminum Mine and other aluminum raw material bases. Into the 1980s, especially after the establishment of the National Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation in 1983, China's bauxite geological exploration and the aluminum industry has developed rapidly, with a number of large-scale aluminum factories represented by Shanxi Aluminum Plant and Guizhou Aluminum Plant newly built and expanded, so that the output of primary aluminum from less than 2,000 tons in 1954 to 1.87 million tons in the 1990s. A complete aluminum industry system has been established from geology, mining to smelting and processing, and aluminum metal and its processed products can basically meet the needs of China's economic construction.
Edit paragraph development status
According to the U.S. Bureau of Mines "MineralCommoditySummaries" 1996 data, the world's bauxite reserves of 23 billion tons, the reserve base of 28 billion tons, of which bauxite resources are relatively rich in the countries are: Australia (reserve base of 7.9 billion tons), Guinea (reserve base of 5.9 billion tons), Brazil (reserve base of 5.9 billion tons), the United States of America, the United States of America, the United States of America, the United States of America and the world. billion tons), Brazil (reserve base of 2.9 billion tons), Jamaica (reserve base of 2 billion tons), India (reserve base of 1.2 billion tons), Hungary (reserve base of 900 million tons). The quantity and quality of China's bauxite ore are not as good as those of the above countries, such as A+B+C grade reserves (industrial reserves) and the reserve base of these countries, compared with the far after them. On the whole, China is relatively rich in bauxite resources, with the seventh largest bauxite reserves in the world and the eighth largest reserves in the world. As of 2006, the reserved resource reserves were 2.776 billion tons, of which 542 million tons of reserves, 742 million tons of base reserves and 2.035 billion tons of resources, mainly distributed in four provinces and regions of Shanxi, Henan, Guangxi and Guizhou, whose resource reserves accounted for 90.26% of the whole country, of which Shanxi accounted for 35.9%, Henan accounted for 20.6%, Guangxi accounted for 18.37% and Guizhou accounted for 15.39%. In addition, 15 provinces and municipalities such as Chongqing, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Sichuan and Hainan also have certain resource reserves, but their combined volume accounts for only 10% of China. In 1995, China's total **** production of bauxite ore 6.4 million tons, in addition to non-ferrous system of state-owned mining enterprises, China's township collective mining enterprises and individual mining sites are also a large number of bauxite mining, but its output is not stable. China's output of alumina and aluminum metal has grown rapidly in recent years. in 1996, it reached 2,546,200t and 1,907,700t respectively, an increase of nearly 2.5 times and 4 times compared with 1985. The production of aluminum has grown even faster, from 31.00 million tons in 1985 to 162.01 million tons in 1996, an increase of more than 35 times (Table 3.9.10). Bauxite is mainly used in alumina industry and high alumina clinker industry, etc., and the usage of the two was almost equal in 2003. Based on the proportion of bauxite production used for alumina in major provinces and regions in 2003, it is possible to estimate the amount of bauxite resource reserves that can be used for the alumina industry. In addition, the optimal carrying capacity for alumina must be based on reality, i.e., the demand for bauxite in industries such as high-alumina clinker must be taken into account. It is therefore more appropriate to assess the scale of alumina production in each province in terms of the carrying capacity of bauxite resources partially used for alumina production. With the over-expansion of the scale of China's electrolytic aluminum, the contradiction of alumina supply shortage is becoming more and more prominent, imports soared, prices rose sharply, and product profits increased dramatically. Driven by economic interests, henan, shanxi and other parts of the province with bauxite resources set off a local construction of alumina enterprise boom, according to statistics, henan, shanxi, shandong and other places are in the big on alumina plant, under construction and the proposed project there are as many as 29, the planning of the total scale of more than 20 million tons/year, together with the existing scale of production of alumina total scale of more than 30 million tons/year
Pictures of bauxite collection in Geological Museum of China
Image description: This is a photograph of a specimen of bauxite pebble (Bauxite scree) from Dongwu Mountain, Zhangpu, China. Yellowish brown, cryptocrystalline structure with honeycomb configuration. The dominant mineral composition is bauxite. [1]Preservation unit: ? Geological Museum of China