What kind of disease is myocardial infarction?

Severe acute myocardial infarction Most patients with acute myocardial infarction can recover after proper treatment and rest, but there are still 1-2% patients who have serious complications due to the large area and wide range of embolism and serious tissue damage, which brings many difficulties for treatment. Generally speaking, within 3 days after the onset of acute heart infarction, and the first 24 hours is the most dangerous period, many complications will appear during this period, such as common cardiogenic shock, heart failure and arrhythmia. In recent years, due to the establishment of coronary heart disease intensive care unit, patients with acute myocardial infarction have been closely observed, and arrhythmia that posed the greatest threat to patients in the past can be found early through special monitoring system, thus greatly reducing the mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction. However, cardiogenic shock and heart failure are still two serious complications at present. In addition, in the acute phase of myocardial infarction, heart rupture and ventricular septal perforation may occur, resulting in sudden decline of cardiac function and stubborn heart failure. Most of these complications occur within one week after illness and are often not treated. Some people think that these serious complications are mostly related to the failure to diagnose myocardial infarction at an early stage, so that patients travel back and forth. In addition, quiet bed rest in the first or second week after onset is also the key to reduce complications. After myocardial infarction, the necrotic myocardium has hardened and lost the elasticity of normal myocardium. Under the influence of the pressure in the cardiac cavity, it expands outward to form a so-called ventricular aneurysm. This part of the expanded ventricular muscle can not only contract and relax normally, but also has the opposite effect, affecting the blood discharge function of the heart to varying degrees, and can also produce blood clots due to the blood retention in the tumor. Once it falls off, it will be made into organ embolism. Patients with large ventricular aneurysm often have shortness of breath, chest tightness and arrhythmia. Through the above introduction, it goes without saying that acute myocardial infarction is an extremely serious heart disease, so we should strengthen prevention, actively treat angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, and try our best to avoid acute myocardial infarction. People over 4 years old should also be familiar with the manifestations of acute myocardial infarction, and early detection and treatment will help reduce the occurrence of complications of myocardial infarction. The most likely cause of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly. Acute myocardial infarction in the elderly is one of the main life-threatening reasons. Due to the increasing prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease in the elderly, in addition to taking effective preventive measures, we should find out some factors that induce acute myocardial infarction in the elderly and try our best to avoid or eliminate these factors, so as to reduce the occurrence and recurrence of acute myocardial infarction. According to representative data, it is pointed out that fatigue is the most important cause of the disease. In a set of statistics, the incidence of fatigue accounted for 28.7%; Emotional excitement often induces illness, accounting for 7.3%; Full meals are also noteworthy, accounting for 5.2%; 3% were induced by infection. Other incentives accounted for 5.4%. Unexplained inducement accounts for 3%. No inducement accounted for 47.4%. It should be especially worth mentioning that in the minds of ordinary people, it is considered that the infection factor, especially the upper respiratory tract infection, often leads to pneumonia in the elderly as the cause of death, while ignoring the life-threatening myocardial infarction caused by infection. Experts point out that the proportion of people who sometimes induce acute myocardial infarction due to infection is very high, which can reach 15. 8% in a set of statistics. Infected people in the elderly, not only upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, dysentery in summer and autumn, but also urinary tract infection, may spread to the heart with serious coronary artery lesions, leading to acute myocardial infarction. In a recent report, domestic medical units engaged in geriatrics with rich clinical experience and scientific research achievements emphasized this problem: we should pay special attention to the possibility of inducing acute myocardial infarction due to upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, dysentery and urinary tract infection. Patients and their families should not only pay attention to these infections themselves, but also pay attention to whether there are other conditions, and don't forget the relationship with coronary heart disease; As for doctors, they should not "treat the symptoms only", but should make a comprehensive examination and diagnosis. Monitoring of myocardial infarction Because the heart of patients with acute myocardial infarction suddenly loses oxygen supply, it causes electrophysiological and biochemical metabolism of myocardial cells and pathological changes of myocardial tissue, which can easily induce life-threatening ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest. This situation is especially common in the first 72 hours after onset (medically called "highly dangerous period"), and it is often too late to rescue. Experience has proved that the key to treating severe arrhythmia lies in early detection. Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen cardiac monitoring measures for patients with myocardial infarction. At present, the "coronary heart disease intensive care unit" in many hospitals is designed to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction. It is equipped with continuous ECG monitoring devices, trained medical staff and all kinds of equipment needed for rapid treatment. The core of the heart monitoring and measuring system is composed of the "switchboard" for monitoring the patient's heart beat and the "extension" placed at the patient's bedside. The medical staff can get a panoramic view of the ECG activity of all patients in the room by ECG display and pressing the key of channel selection, and with the help of TV system, so that the patients are under close supervision. Once there is a danger, the automatic alarm of the monitoring system immediately sends out a "call for help" with striking lights flashing and special sounds. Almost at the same time, the ECG recording device also started by itself, recording the ECG activity pattern within 2 seconds for further determination, analysis and archiving. Through the cardiac monitoring system, arrhythmia can be found early and treated effectively in time. Therefore, the mortality rate of myocardial infarction has decreased significantly. The monitoring system can accumulate valuable data, which further promotes the medical understanding of the basic law of arrhythmia in patients with myocardial infarction. Intravenous infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium chloride in the treatment of myocardial infarction in the early stage of treatment, doctors often give patients intravenous infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium chloride mixture. Doctors call it polarization liquid or energy mixture. After infusion of this fluid, most patients have fewer angina attacks, shorter duration, less pain, and improved heart failure, shock, fever and arrhythmia, thus reducing the mortality rate of myocardial infarction. Why is the combination of these three drugs beneficial to myocardial infarction? Because they have the following benefits: insulin can promote the intake of fatty acids, further synthesize fat, and reduce the concentration of free fatty acids in the blood. Although free fatty acid is an important nutrient component of myocardium, it is very harmful to continue to use it when myocardial hypoxia occurs. Because the utilization of fatty acids requires a lot of oxygen, under normal circumstances, fatty acid oxidation consumes 6% of myocardial oxygen, and when myocardial infarction occurs, the shortage of myocardial oxygen is the most prominent problem. At the same time, due to the existence of free fatty acids, the ability of myocardial sugar utilization is reduced, which is very unfavorable to cardiac function and even causes arrhythmia. Therefore, to sum up, reducing the concentration of free fatty acids can reduce myocardial oxygen consumption and increase the utilization of sugar, which is beneficial to heart function and myocardial viability. 1% glucose is commonly used in the solution, which can increase blood sugar and increase the uptake and utilization of glucose by myocardium. The best nutrient for myocardium is glucose, which can be metabolized to produce energy with or without oxygen. Due to the sufficient supply of glucose and sufficient sources of energy, it has a good effect on maintaining the integrity of myocardial structure, maintaining myocardial function and reducing the degree of ischemia around the infarction area. In addition, it can prevent arrhythmia. Therefore, the mixture is a simple and easy drug, which is beneficial to myocardial infarction. Except for non-patients with severe diabetes or obvious damage to renal function, most patients can apply it. Rescuing patients with acute myocardial infarction Acute myocardial infarction often occurs at home, when "doctors are short of medicine", and myocardial infarction is most likely to be complicated with various arrhythmias, especially ventricular fibrillation, shock, heart failure and so on. If it is moved indiscriminately and sent to the hospital blindly, it is easy to be dangerous and the mortality rate is high. However, with proper first aid, the mortality rate can be significantly reduced. Although the onset of acute myocardial infarction is sudden, most patients have premonitory symptoms within one week of onset, the most important of which is angina pectoris. However, the pain at this time is heavier than the previous angina pectoris, and the number of pains increases, the time is prolonged and the scope is enlarged. Some people have no history of angina pectoris in the past and suddenly have severe pain in the chest area. Pain is accompanied by palpitation, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, pallor and other phenomena, and the patient is agitated and has a sense of fear. There are also a few patients who don't have pain. The onset of myocardial infarction can be induced, such as after strenuous labor, exercise, mental tension, full meal and defecation; It can also occur during sleep without cause. Severe pain in precordial region is the earliest and most prominent symptom in patients with myocardial infarction. When taking nitroglycerin tablets, it is still not relieved, and the symptoms are still getting worse. We should think that myocardial infarction may occur. At this time, it is necessary to calm his emotions and let the patient lie flat or in other suitable positions. If he is watching TV or talking at that time, he can take a seat, lean back slightly, and lift his feet slightly to minimize unnecessary movement. If you have an oxygen bag at home, you can take oxygen immediately. Nitroglycerin-containing tablets, Guanxinsuhe pills, inhaling broad-chested aerosol, etc., can also be taken as appropriate when there are sedative and analgesic drugs at home; If lidocaine (a drug for preventing and treating arrhythmia and ventricular fibrillation) is available at home, it can be used. At the same time, please call a doctor at home for treatment. If the patient suddenly loses his demeanor and his heart stops, he should take first aid measures such as boxing, heart squeezing and mouth-to-mouth blowing. The relationship between age and myocardial infarction has different views on whether the higher the age, the more dangerous and the higher the mortality rate after myocardial infarction. Some people give a positive answer to this, while others hold an uncertain attitude. Although there are different opinions, it is a fact that the older you get, the more serious the consequences of acute myocardial infarction will be. Some of the reasons are obvious, such as the high incidence of serious complications, serious illness, decreased resistance and other factors. Therefore, this fact is enough to remind us that when acute myocardial infarction is found in the elderly, we should take it seriously, not only do a good job in family first aid, but also strengthen supervision after admission. After returning home from the hospital, we should also follow the doctor's instructions and continue to take relevant preventive measures seriously, and we must not be negligent.