What are the grades made of? How to measure the distance with a level?
Jony J release date: 07-09- 15 13: 43: 07.
1, what level?
The level is mainly composed of telescope, level and base. Telescopes are used to aim at distant targets. There are two kinds of water levels: tubular water level and circular water level. Tube level is used to indicate whether the collimation axis is horizontal, and circular level is used to indicate whether the vertical axis is vertical. The base is used to support the upper part of the instrument and is connected with a tripod.
2. How to measure the distance with a level?
(1) Set up the instrument, and be familiar with the basic structure of the level meter, the names and functions of each component.
1) Open the tripod in a solid, flat and wide place, so that the three legs of the tripod are roughly equidistant, the erection height is moderate, the tripod head is roughly horizontal, and tighten the leg brake screws;
2) Open the instrument box, take out the level with both hands, carefully place the instrument on the top of the tripod, hold the instrument with one hand, and loosen the connecting screw in the center of the tripod with the other hand to fix the instrument on the tripod;
3) Observe the structure of each part of the instrument, be familiar with the name and function of each spiral, and try to twist each spiral to understand its function.
(2) Learn the operation procedures of rough leveling, aiming leveling, fine leveling and level reading.
1) rough leveling
Rough leveling is to make the longitudinal axis of the instrument roughly vertical and the collimation axis roughly horizontal through the bubble centering of the circular level. As shown in figure 2. 1.3(a), the bubble is not centered but located at a; First, rotate the anchor screws ① and ② with both hands in the direction indicated by the arrow to make the air bubble move to the position B (Figure 2.1.3 (b)); Then turn the foot screw ③ with your left hand to center the bubble. In the process of leveling, the direction of bubble movement is the same as that of left thumb movement.
2) Align the leveling staff
(1) aim the telescope at the bright background and turn the eyepiece screw to make the crosshair clear;
(2) Loosen the brake screw, rotate the telescope, align the leveling rod with shutter and sight with the telescope barrel, and then tighten the brake screw; ③ Observing from the telescope, rotate the objective screw to aim at the light to make the target clear, and then rotate the inching screw to aim the vertical line at the leveling rod; ④ The eyes move slightly up and down at the eyepiece end. If the crosshair moves relative to the target, aim the objective carefully again until the reading remains the same.
3) Jingping
The eyes look at the bubbles in the leveling tube through the bubble observation window on the left side of the eyepiece, and the right hand turns the slightly inclined screw to make the images at both ends of the bubbles overlap, which means that the collimation axis of the leveling instrument is just horizontal.
4) reading
Observe the dividing position of the middle line of the crosshair on the leveling staff and read the reading.
(3) closed or attached leveling route measurement.
1) Select a closed or attached leveling route with a length of 4-6 stations, and determine the starting point and heading of the leveling route;
2) Set the leveling staff at the starting point and the first fixed point, place the instrument at a position roughly equal to the distance between the two points, observe the backward reading and forward reading respectively according to the operating procedures of coarse leveling, aiming leveling staff, fine leveling and reading, and calculate the height difference of 1h, then move the instrument to the middle of 1 and the second point for observation, and get 2h, and measure 3h and 4h forward.
3) According to the known point elevation and the observed elevation difference of each observation station, calculate the elevation difference closure difference of the leveling route and check whether it exceeds the limit. If it exceeds the limit, it should be re-observed; If there is no overrun, the closure difference is assigned, and then the elevation of each point to be measured is calculated.
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