1. Astronauts use a "funnel" to urinate.
The "funnel" is connected to a hose, and the other end of the hose is connected to a urine collection system. When astronauts urinate, they turn on a fan inside the collection system, which sucks urine from the funnel through the hose and into the urine collector.
2. A special "flush toilet" is used for bowel movements.
It relies on the fan suction, first of all, the water, odor pumped out, and then the dry part of the plastic bag sealed up. Because there is no gravity in space, the astronauts' intestines are in a floating state and their internal organs do not work properly, so the astronauts often have problems such as straining to defecate and taking a long time to do so.
Strange face-washing and tooth-brushing
Because of the weightless environment in space, seemingly simple face-washing, tooth-brushing, shaving, haircutting, and washing on Earth all become very complicated and troublesome in space.
Taking brushing and gargling as an example, initially the Americans used a special kind of gummies to replace brushing with full chewing inside the mouth, and the Soviet astronauts used a towel wrapped around their hands to massage and scrub inside the mouth to replace brushing. Both methods are simple, but bacteria in the mouth are not easily removed.
On one occasion, Soviet medical personnel found that there were many disease-causing bacteria in the mouths of the astronauts when they returned to the ground for a physical examination, which aroused a high degree of vigilance on the part of space medicine experts, who were reminded that it was not possible for astronauts to brush their teeth in space without thorough brushing. Later, the sealed suction method was invented. Astronauts can clean their teeth and mouth more thoroughly in space.
Today's astronauts use a sealed razor that can be linked to a vacuum cleaner through a sealed tube, which sucks the ballast into a waste disposal bin.