2: Graphics card failure
3: Sound card failure
4: Hard disk failure
5: Memory failure
6: Drive failure
7: Mouse failure.
8: Keyboard failure.
9: The modem is out of order.
10: printer failure
1 1: Fault display.
12: burner failure
13: scanner failure
14: Causes of display jitter.
15: Troubleshooting BIOS Settings
16: Computer restart failed.
17: Solve the problem of high CPU utilization.
18: Hard disk damage was found and repaired.
19 page manual dealing with malicious code.
20. Common problems and solutions of integrated sound card
2 1: USB storage device is not recognized.
22: Black screen failure
23: Windows Blue Screen Code Quick Lookup Table
24: Encyclopedia of Windows Error Codes
25: BIOS self-test and boot failed.
The following are related quick troubleshooting problems.
The computer is out of order, which is confusing and elusive. The components of Windows operating system are relatively complex. Once the computer breaks down, it is almost impossible for ordinary users to accurately determine the cause of the failure. Does this mean that if we encounter a computer failure, we are completely helpless? Although there are many reasons, it is not the case, which leads to computer failure, but as long as we carefully observe and summarize, we can still have some laws and methods of computer failure. By publishing this booklet, we will tell you some of the most common and typical computer fault diagnosis and maintenance methods. Through it, you will find that the solution of computer fault is at your side, simple but effective!
mainboard
Motherboard is the key component of the whole computer and plays a vital role in the computer. If the motherboard fails, it will affect the whole PC system. Next, let's take a look at the most common failures of the motherboard in this process.
Common faults: No display when starting the machine.
The computer does not display when it is turned on. First, we need to check the BIOS. Important hardware data are stored in the BIOS on the motherboard, and the fragile part of the BIOS is the motherboard, which is easily damaged. Once damaged, the system can't run. The reason for this failure is usually that the motherboard BIOS is destroyed by CIH virus (of course, it does not rule out the failure of the system itself. ) Generally, the data of hard disk whose BIOS is damaged by virus will be lost, so we can judge whether the BIOS is damaged by detecting whether the data of hard disk is intact. If the data on the hard disk is complete, there are three reasons why it is not displayed when it is turned on:
Motherboard expansion slot or expansion card, resulting in the insertion of expansion cards, such as sound cards and other motherboards do not respond and do not display.
The free jumper motherboard is set incorrectly in CMOS, and the CPU frequency may lead to the failure that cannot be displayed, which can be solved by clearing CMOS. The jumper for clearing CMOS is generally near the lithium battery on the motherboard, and the default position is generally 1 2 short circuit. As long as you jump to 2, 3 in just a few seconds, you can solve the problem. The user should not find the jumper on the old motherboard. Just remove the battery until it is turned on to enter the CMOS setting, and then turn off the battery to discharge the CMOS.
The motherboard can't recognize the memory, the memory is damaged or mismatched, and there is no fault when booting. More selective memory is inserted into the memory that some old motherboards can't recognize, which causes the motherboards to fail to start, and even some motherboards don't give you any fault tips (chirp). Of course, sometimes in order to expand memory and improve system performance, different brands and types of memory will also lead to such failures, so pay more attention to maintenance.
For the failure of BIOS damage on the motherboard, we can plug in the ISA card to see if it is displayed (if prompted, follow the following steps). ), if it is not for the boot screen, you can make a floppy disk that automatically updates the BIOS to refresh the BIOS. However, after the BIOS of some motherboards is destroyed, the floppy drive will not work. You can try (I have tried to solve a hot plug problem, as long as the BIOS can burn successfully on the motherboard at the same level). It may also lead to the damage of some components on the motherboard that need the same BIOS, so the more reliable method is to use the BIOS in the written code (write BIOS update file to find a computer to solve the problem.
Common fault 2: CMOS settings cannot be saved.
This kind of fault is generally that the motherboard battery voltage is insufficient and can be replaced, but some motherboard batteries can not solve the problem after replacement. At this time, there are two possibilities:
Main board circuit problems, which are repaired by professionals;
The problem of CMOS jumper on the motherboard is sometimes because the clearing option of CMOS jumper on the motherboard is set incorrectly, or it is set to an external battery, which leads to the failure to save CMOS data.
Common fault 3: the speed is slow after freezing under Windows or installing the motherboard driver on the CD-ROM drive.
This phenomenon sometimes appears on some motherboards with miscellaneous brands. Bahrain motherboard driver, after restarting the computer, can not enter the Windows 98 desktop in normal mode, and can not uninstall the driver under Windows 98. If this happens, it is recommended to find the latest driver and reinstall it. Generally can be solved. If it really doesn't work, you can only reinstall the system.
Common failure 4: The mouse is not available when installing or starting Windows.
The failure of this software is usually caused by the wrong CMOS settings. CMOS power management settings prohibit a modem from using IRQ project, and its options are 3, 4, 5 ..., NA. Generally speaking, this is the default option, which is set by the external interrupt key.
Common fault five: the computer often crashes, and CMOS settings will crash.
When a CMOS crash occurs, it is usually a problem with the motherboard or CPU. If the fault can be solved by pressing the key, just replace the motherboard or CPU.
This failure is caused by the problem of the motherboard cache of the general 8 15EP motherboard or the poor heat dissipation of the motherboard design. I found the failure phenomenon caused by poor heat dissipation of the motherboard. Touched the motherboard components around the CPU and found that the temperature was very hot. After replacing the high-power fan, the crash fault was solved. If there is a problem with the cache, we can enter the CMOS setting and prohibit the cache from successfully solving the problem. Of course, the speed will definitely have an impact after caching is prohibited.
Common fault 6: COM port or parallel port and IDE port of motherboard are out of order.
This failure is generally due to the hot plug of user-related hardware, and users can use multi-function cards instead, but the COM port and parallel port on the computer must be prohibited (some motherboards can use their own motherboards normally if they are prohibited from connecting IDE ports).
draw
Common faults: No display when starting the machine.
This failure is generally caused by poor contact between the graphics card and the motherboard or motherboard slot. For some motherboards with integrated graphics cards, the memory * * * enjoys the main memory, so you need to pay attention to the location of the memory, which should generally be inserted in the first memory slot. Because of the graphics card, the computer did not show the fault when it was turned on. Generally, the computer will have a long beep and a short beep (BIOS graphics card).
Common fault 2: display the flower screen and read the handwriting.
This failure is usually caused by the monitor or graphics card not supporting high resolution. When the screen is displayed, you can switch the startup mode to safe mode, and then enter the display settings. In Windows 98, the color is 16. Click the "Apply" and "OK" buttons. Restart Windows 98 system in normal mode, delete the graphics card driver, and restart the computer. You want to enter safe mode, edit in a pure DOS environment.
Change display.drv = pnpdrver to display.drv = vga.drv system.ini file, save and exit, and then update in Windows.
Driver.
Common faults: abnormal color display, which are generally caused by the following reasons:
The graphics card is in poor contact with the display signal line.
2。 Monitor one's mistakes
The color of some running software is abnormal, which is generally common in the BIOS option of color selection of old machines. You can open it.
4 graphics are damaged;
The display screen is magnetized, generally because of magnetic objects, and the display screen may be deflected because it is too close to magnetization.
Common Fault 4: Crash
This kind of fault is generally seen in the poor contact between the motherboard and the graphics card, which is incompatible with the motherboard. Incompatibility between graphics cards and other expansion cards can also lead to crashes.
Common fault 5: Abnormal noise or pattern appears on the screen.
This kind of failure is generally caused by memory problems of the graphics card or poor contact between the graphics card and the motherboard. Should be a clean Goldfinger website graphics card or replace it significantly.
Card.
Common Fault 6: Missing Video Card Driver
The graphics card driver is automatically lost after loading and running for a period of time. This kind of fault is generally due to the poor quality of the graphics card or the incompatibility between the graphics card and the motherboard, which makes the temperature of the graphics card too high, leading to unstable operation or crash of the system, so the graphics card can only be replaced.
In addition, there are some special cases where the graphics card driver is loaded, but when the graphics card driver is loaded into Windows, it crashes. You can load their drivers instead of other types of graphics cards and insert old graphics cards to solve the problem. It should not be possible to solve such a fault, and then restore or reinstall the operating system in the registry fault.
sound card
Common fault: mute sound card. Common causes of this failure are:
The default output of the driver is "mute". Click the sound icon (speaker) in the lower right corner of the screen, and the normal pronunciation volume adjustment slider will appear. Click the Mute option below and clear the selected box. You can.
The sound card conflicts with other cards. The solution is to adjust the system resources used by PnP cards so that these cards will not interfere with each other. Sometimes when you open the device manager, there is no yellow exclamation mark (conflict sign), but the sound card is imperfect and there is conflict, but the system does not check it out.
3。 No sound can be heard when installing the Direct X sound card. This sound card is not compatible with Direct X, and the driver needs to be updated.
Four channels are silent. Check whether the audio cable from the sound card to the speaker is disconnected.
Common faults: the sound card is too noisy. Common causes of this failure are:
1。 Incorrect card. Because the manufacturing accuracy of the chassis is not high enough, and the external baffle of the sound card is poorly manufactured or installed, the sound card is not tightly combined with the expansion slot of the motherboard, and the reed of the expansion slot of the "Golden Finger" sound card is visually misaligned. This phenomenon ISA common fault of ISA card or PCI card. Generally, it can be corrected with pliers.
2 Speaker The input and output terminals of the movable speaker are connected to the sound card. The active speaker should be connected to the line output of the sound card, and the signal output by it.
A power amplifier without a sound card is much quieter. Some sound cards have only one output, and the line output or speaker jumper depends on the card, which is often the factory default speaker, so unplug the sound card and adjust the jumper.
Windows comes with a bad driver. To install the sound card driver, you need to choose the driver provided by the manufacturer, not the driver.
If the Windows default driver is installed with the addition of new hardware, select Install from Disk instead of selecting from the list box, and then select. If you have installed a Windows drive with an optional control panel →→→ System → Device Manager → Sound, Video and Game Controller, click Detach Device and select Properties → Drivers → Change Drivers → Install from Disk. "At this point, insert the disk or CD attached to the sound card and load the driver provided by the manufacturer.
Common fault 3: the sound card can't be "plug and play"
Try using a new driver or a replacement driver. I have a sound card under Windows 98, and the original disk driver can't be installed, so I have to use the creative SB 16 driver instead, and everything is fine. Later, it was not normal to upgrade to Windows Me, but it was normal to use the sound card driver that came with Windows 2000 (full version).
2。 You choose plug-ins and playback devices that are more troublesome than detecting self-assertion under Windows 9x to help you install drivers. Do not use the driver bias, so every time you delete and reinstall this point, you can't use the "add new hardware" solution. I'm here to reveal a trick: enter the Win9xinfother directory and manually install the * on the sound card. After all the INF files are deleted, restarting 100% is effective, saving countless sound card lives ... Of course, the registration form can also achieve the same goal.
3 PnP sound card installation is not supported (also applicable to PnP sound cards without the above PnP): enter the control panel/add new hardware/Next, and a prompt appears, "Do you need Windows to search for new hardware? , select No, and then select the sound, video and game controller from the list to install the drive disk or directly select the sound card type.
Common fault 4: playing CD silently
1。 Completely speechless. The CD player of Windows 98 plays the CD silently, but the CD player works normally, indicating that there is no CD-ROM audio cable connected. The 4-pin audio cable is used to connect the analog audio output of CD-ROM with the sound card. The cable will be included in the purchased CD.
Only one channel is loud. The output of optical drive is generally around two lines of signals, and the middle two lines are grounded. The colors of the four lines of the audio signal line are usually different colors to find a one-to-one interface. If the sound card has only one interface or each interface does not match the audio line, the wiring of the audio line sequence usually changes only two lines.
Common fault five: PCI sound card sonic boom
Hanging on PCI bus, hard disk reading and writing, mouse movement and other operations, because PCI graphics card and bus master control technology expand the background.
Because of the noise. Solution: Turn off the PCI graphics card of the bus master station, replace it with AGP graphics card and put it in the PCI slot of the sound card.
Common fault 6: unable to record normally.
First, check that the microphone is plugged into other jacks. Secondly, double-click "Small Speaker" and select "Properties → Recording" in the menu to see if all the settings are correct. Next, adjust the mixer equipment in the control panel → Multimedia → Equipment and input the equipment, and set it to "use" status. The option of multimedia → recording is grayed out, which may be worse. Of course, there is no room for redemption. You can try to add new hardware → system equipment, add ISA plug-in and play bus, just install a sound card and restart it with software tools.
Common faults: unable to play WAV format music, midi music.
WAV music cannot be played very rarely, often because there are multiple devices under multimedia → audio devices, which can be disabled. There are three possibilities that MIDI files cannot be played:
The MIDI playback of the early ISA sound card is not normal, which may lead to the incompatibility between 16-bit mode and 32-bit mode. Install the software wave table.
The method should be a solvable problem.
2, the most popular wave table synthesis technology of PCI sound card, if MIDI part can't be played, it may be because you didn't load the appropriate wave table sound library.
The MIDI channel in Windows volume control is set to mute mode.
Common faults PCI sound card in WIN98 is not normal.
Some users complained that everything was normal and there was no equipment conflict during the installation of the sound card driver, but the following is what they can't say in WIN98, or whether there are other faults. This phenomenon usually appears on PCI sound cards. Please insert your PCI sound card into the PCI slot during installation. Some friends consider heat dissipation, such as sound card inserted from AGP slot, close to ISA slot and multiple PCI slots. The problem that often appears here, the problem of Windows98: Sometimes only the sound cards inserted in PCI- 1 and PCI-2 slots can be correctly identified. The two PCI cards that shut down the AGP ATX motherboard are PCI- 1 and PCI-2 (as opposed to some ATX motherboards, PCI- 1 is close to ISA), so if you don't install the PCI sound card in the correct slot, there will be problems.
memory
Memory is one of the most important accessories in a computer, and its function is beyond doubt. So what is the most common problem with memory?
Common faults: No display when starting the machine.
Memory failure is generally caused by poor contact between the memory and the motherboard memory stick. Cheating on the spot with an eraser can solve the problem (don't clean it with alcohol), and memory damage or motherboard memory stick may also lead to this failure.
As a result, the memory boot has no display failure, and the host speaker usually rings for a long time (for the prize BIOS).
Common fault 2: Windows registry is often damaged for no reason, prompting users to recover.
This kind of fault is generally caused by the poor quality of memory chips, which is difficult to repair. Only in this way can we replace a passerby.
Common faults: Windows often automatically enters safe mode.
This kind of fault is generally caused by incompatibility between motherboard and memory or poor memory quality. Common motherboards with high-frequency memory do not support this frequency of memory. You can try to read at high speed under CMOS settings to reduce the problems solved by memory when possible. If not, you can replace the memory.
Common fault 4: random death
This failure is generally due to several different memory chips, each memory speed produces a time difference, leading to death.
Machine can be solved by reducing the high-speed CMOS setting of memory, otherwise only the same type of memory can be used. Another possibility is that the memory is incompatible with the motherboard, which is generally rare, or it may be that the random crash causes poor contact between the computer memory and the motherboard. 0 1
Common fault 5: memory improves system resources, no
This phenomenon is usually caused by incompatibility between motherboard and memory, which is a common high-frequency memory. For some motherboards that do not support this memory frequency, when such a fault occurs, you can try to set the speed of COMS memory to a lower level.
Common fault 6: Memory information often appears when running some software.
This phenomenon is generally caused by insufficient remaining space on the system disk. You can delete useless files, leave more space, and generally keep them in.
About 300 meters
Common faults: When booting from the hard disk and installing Windows into the detected disk space, the system prompts for memory.
This kind of fault is generally the EMM386.EXE file in the config.sys file, which can be solved as long as the problem is covered up.
CD
Optical drive is one of the accessories with the shortest service life in computer hardware. In fact, many scrapped cars are still of great value. You just need to maintain them a little when using them. This usually does not require any advanced radio expertise, nor does it require the use of any complicated maintenance tools and materials. As long as you carefully observe the fault phenomenon and implement the lighting elimination method, I believe your old CD-ROM drive will still regain its "charm".
Common fault: When the optical drive is working, the hard disk light keeps flashing.
This is an illusion, but it is not. The hard disk light flashes, and then the CD-ROM and hard disk with IDE interface are used as the result and control work. A CD-ROM drive can be connected to a separate IDE interface.
Troubleshooting: CD-ROM 32 running in Windows environment cannot access the disk and then crashes.
Obviously, Windows' 32-bit disks access some CDs. The CD connected to the IDE interface of the hard disk is not supported.
Windows' 32-bit disk access function caused internal errors and crashes in Windows. In Windows, double-click the "group owner" in the control panel to enter the "386 enhanced mode" setting, click the "virtual memory" button, and then click the "change the 32-bit disk access verification box" in the lower left corner to close and confirm, and then restart Windows to access the CD in Windows to an error.
Troubleshooting: The CD-ROM drive can't read the disk normally, and the screen shows "Drive X disk, insert the disk and try again" or "CDr 10 1: not".
Ready to read drive x abort. Try again. Fall? "I occasionally open the box to read the disk, but I can't read it soon.
In this case, virus detection, check anti-virus anti-virus software on the machine. If virus file editing software is not found in the root directory of drive C, open CONFIG. SYS file to see if they hang the driver and if the driver is damaged. Go to and check "AUIOEXEC". The bat is MSCDEX. EXE/in D: D:MSCDOOO/M:20/V file, if the above two steps.
Common fault 4: drive read-write error or no disk prompt.
This phenomenon of CD changer, there is no fault caused by the operation of the CD drive there. All operations on the CD-ROM drive need to wait for the image position of the CD-ROM drive indicator light. In a DVD player, you should also return the disc at 0:00, so as to avoid the above mistakes.
Common fault five: the VCD picture in the movie is paused or interrupted.
Check the "smart drv”AUTOEXEC. The bat file belongs to MSCDEX.EXE. If this is the case, the SMARTDRV statement will be placed.
Before MSCDEX.EXE, the party group did not use the program that the high-speed optical disc drive was red, but SMARTDRV.EXE/U;. The fault can be eliminated.
Common fault 6: When reading data from the CD-ROM drive, sometimes it can't be read, which takes a long time to read the disk.
The hardware failure of driving the reading disk is not concentrated in the laser head assembly, which can be divided into two categories: one is that the laser tube is aging due to long use time.
Deformation and displacement of the laser tube lens with dirty or dirty surface of another photovoltaic cell. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the power of the laser tube and clean the lens of the photoelectric tube and laser tube.
Cleaning method of photocell and focusing lens: unplug the cable, remember the direction, and disconnect the laser head assembly. At this time, you can see the coat that covers the laser head and focusing lens. If you remove the jacket, you will find that the focusing lens that tracks the focus of the coil is connected with four thin copper wires, and the light tube assembly is wrapped with cotton and a small amount of distilled water (wipe the surface of the photoelectric tube and the focusing lens with alcohol) and looks at the laser tube with the lens horizontally vacant, unless there are appropriate adjustments. At this point, the cleaning work is completed.
Adjust the power of the laser head. On one side of the laser head assembly, the potential is as small as a cross screw. According to the remarks of its initial position color, it is generally 5? For the first time, rotate clockwise 10, and when the installed capacity of the tester is 5 to 10, rotate counterclockwise until the disk reading is smooth. Be careful not to rotate too much, so as to avoid excessive power and burning the photovoltaic cell.
Troubleshooting 7: The CD-ROM drive cannot be detected at startup or the test fails.
This may be caused by loose connector of data cable of CD-ROM drive, damaged data cable of hard disk or wrong jumper setting of CD-ROM drive. When you encounter such a problem,
Climate, the first thing to check is whether the driver's data cable connector is loose. If you find it unplugged, plug it back in and plug it tightly. If this still doesn't solve the problem, then let's try a new data cable. At this time, if the fault still exists, we need to check the jumper setting of the CD-ROM drive, and replace it if there is any error.
mouse
Mouse fault analysis and maintenance are relatively simple, and the faults are mostly poor interface or poor key contact, damaged and dirty mechanical positioning system. The welding of mouse internal components or circuits exists in some inferior products, especially in light-emitting diodes and IC circuits, which failed to damage most ethnic minorities.
Common failure: mouse not found.
1 The mouse is completely damaged and needs to be replaced.
2 The serial port or PS/2 port between the mouse and the host is not well connected. Carefully connect the cable and restart.
The serial port or PS/2 port of the motherboard is damaged, which is relatively rare. If this is the case, we must replace the motherboard or use the serial port on the multi-function card.
The mouse cable is not connected well, which is the most common. The poor contact point is mostly the connection between the wire inside the mouse and the circuit board. As long as it is not the fault of PS/2 interface, general maintenance is not difficult. Usually because the line is short or the mouse line is messy. The solution is to turn on the mouse and then weld the solder joints with a soldering iron. One case is that the poor contact of the mouse line inside is due to long-term aging, which is generally difficult to find. Replacing the mouse is the fastest solution.