PCB is the abbreviation of Printed Circuit Board (i.e. Printed Circuit Board). Printed Circuit Board is a substrate for assembling electronic parts, a printed circuit board that forms inter-point connections and printed components on a general-purpose substrate according to a predetermined design. The main function of the product is to enable a variety of electronic components to form a predetermined circuit connection, the role of relay transmission, is the key electronic interconnections of electronic products, "the mother of electronic products," said. Printed circuit boards, as the substrate for loading electronic parts and key interconnections, are required for any electronic device or product. Its downstream industry covers a wide range of general consumer electronics, information, communications, medical, and even aerospace technology (information forum) products and other fields. With the development of science and technology, all kinds of products, electronic information processing needs to gradually enhance the emergence of new electronic products, so that the use of PCB products and the market continues to expand. Emerging 3G cell phones, automotive electronics, LCD, IPTV, digital TV, computer updates will also bring greater than the traditional market now PCB market.
PCB is the most basic building blocks of the information electronics industry, belonging to the electronic components industry in the electronic components industry. According to the number of layers, PCB is divided into single-side board (SSB), double-side board (DSB) and multilayer board (MLB); according to the softness of the PCB is divided into rigid printed circuit boards (RPC) and flexible printed circuit boards (FPC). In industrial research, generally in accordance with the above basic classification of PCB products, PCB industry is subdivided into single-panel, double-sided boards, conventional multilayer boards, flexible boards, HDI (high-density sintered) boards, packaging substrates, and other six major industry segments.
PCB industry is a typical cyclical industry. From the historical situation, its cycle is generally 7-8 years, but with the downstream demand for faster renewal, gradually shortened to about 4 years, the high point of the recent boom in 1995, 2000 and 2004, respectively. Unlike products such as LCD panels and memory, the price trend of CCL is mainly driven by the cost of raw materials, while the price of PCB is more affected by the balance of supply and demand.
Two, PCB industry chain
By the upstream and downstream of the industry chain to classify, can be divided into raw materials - copper-clad board - printed circuit boards - electronic applications, the relationship is simply expressed as follows:
Glass fiber cloth: glass fiber cloth is one of the raw materials for copper-clad board, woven from glass fiber yarn, accounting for about 40% of the cost of the copper-clad board (thick board) and 25% (thin board). The glass fiber yarn is made of silica sand and other raw materials calcined into liquid state in a kiln, which is pulled into very fine glass fibers through very fine alloy nozzles, and then several hundred glass fibers are twisted and twisted into glass fiber yarn. Kiln construction investment is huge, generally need hundreds of millions of funds, and once the fire must be 24 hours non-stop production, into the exit cost is huge. Fiberglass fabric manufacturing and weaving companies are similar, you can control the rotational speed to control the capacity and quality, and the specifications are relatively single and stable, since the Second World War, there is almost no specification on the big changes. Unlike CCL, the price of fiberglass cloth is most affected by supply and demand, with prices fluctuating between US$0.50-1.00/meter in recent years. Currently Taiwan and mainland China account for about 70% of global production capacity.
Copper Foil: Copper foil is the raw material that accounts for the largest proportion of the cost of copper cladding boards, accounting for about 30% (thick boards) and 50% (thin boards) of the cost of copper cladding boards, and therefore the price increase of copper foil is the main driver of copper cladding boards' price increase. Copper foil prices closely reflect the price changes in copper, but the bargaining power is weak, recently, with the copper prices rising, copper foil manufacturers in a difficult situation, many enterprises were forced to close down or be merged, even if the laminates manufacturers to accept the price increase of copper foil each copper foil manufacturers are still in a general loss-making state. Due to the emergence of the price gap, the first quarter of 2006 is very likely to see another wave of price increases, which may lead to CCL price increases.
Copper-clad laminate: copper-clad laminate is epoxy resin and other fusion agent will be glass fiber cloth and copper foil pressed together with the product, is the direct raw material for PCB, after etching, plating, multilayer board pressed together made of printed circuit boards. The capital requirement of the copper-clad laminate industry is not high, about 30-40 million yuan, and it can stop production or change production at any time. In the upstream and downstream industry chain structure, CCL's bargaining power is the strongest, not only in the fiberglass cloth, copper foil and other raw materials procurement has a strong voice, and as long as the downstream demand is still available, the pressure of rising costs can be passed on to downstream PCB manufacturers. In the third quarter of this year, copper-clad laminates began to raise prices, price increases in the range of 5-8% or so, the main driving force is to reflect the price of copper foil, and strong downstream demand can be digested CCL manufacturers to pass on the pressure of price increases. The world's second-largest copper-clad laminate manufacturer Nanya also raised prices on December 15, showing that at least the first quarter of 2006 PCB demand in good form.
Three, the international PCB industry development
Currently, the global PCB industry output value of electronic components industry accounted for more than a quarter of the total output value, is the largest proportion of each electronic component industry in the industry, the industry scale of 40 billion U.S. dollars. At the same time, because of its unique position in the electronic base industry, has become the most active industry in the contemporary electronic components industry, in 2003 and 2004, the global PCB output value of 34.4 billion U.S. dollars and 40.1 billion U.S. dollars, respectively, year-on-year growth rate of 5.27% and 16.47%.
Four, the domestic PCB industry development
China's PCB development began in 1956, 1963-1978, gradually expanding the formation of PCB industry. More than 20 years after the reform and opening up, due to the introduction of foreign advanced technology and equipment, single-panel, double-sided boards and multilayer boards have gained rapid development, the domestic PCB industry from small to large and gradually developed. 2002, China's PCB output exceeded that of Taiwan, becoming the third largest PCB output. 2003, PCB output and import and export value of more than 6 billion U.S. dollars, becoming the world's second-largest PCB output country. China's PCB industry in recent years to maintain a high rate of growth of about 20%, and is expected to exceed Japan in 2010 or so, to become the world's largest PCB output value and technology development of the most active countries.
From the point of view of the composition of the output, China's PCB industry's main products have been shifted from single-panel, double-sided boards to multilayer boards, and is from 4 to 6 layers to 6 to 8 layers or more to enhance. With the rapid growth of multilayer boards, HDI boards and flexible boards, the structure of China's PCB industry is gradually being optimized and improved.
However, although China's PCB industry has made great progress, but there is still a big gap with advanced countries, there is still a lot of room for improvement and enhancement in the future. First of all, China entered the PCB industry late, there is no specialized PCB R & D institutions, in some of the new technology research and development capabilities with foreign manufacturers have a large gap. Secondly, from the point of view of the product structure, is still dominated by the production of medium and low-layer boards, although FPC, HDI and other fast-growing, but because of the small base, the proportion is still not high. Again, most of China's PCB production equipment is dependent on imports, some of the core raw materials can only rely on imports, the incompleteness of the industrial chain also hindered the development of the domestic PCB series of enterprises in the footsteps.
Fifth, the industry overall
As the most widely used electronic components products, PCB has a strong vitality. Whether from the supply and demand relationship or from the historical cycle of judgment, the beginning of 2006 is the industry to enter the boom climbing stage, downstream demand continues to be strong has been level by level to pull the PCB industry chain manufacturers shipments, the formation of at least in the first quarter of 2006, "the off-season is not bad" situation. The industry rating was upgraded from "avoid" to "good".
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