Dietary guidance: malnutrition can cause respiratory muscle fatigue, aggravated dyspnea and decreased immune system function. Patients should be instructed to eat a high-protein, high-calorie, vitamin-rich and digestible diet, and given intravenous nutrition when necessary. Patients with severe anemia should be properly transfused to improve their physical resistance.
Life guidance: Persuade patients to quit smoking patiently 2 weeks before operation. Tell patients that smoking stimulates respiratory mucosa, increases respiratory secretions, affects the effect of surgery and anesthesia, and increases the incidence of postoperative respiratory complications. Instruct patients to brush their teeth and gargle every morning and evening and after meals, and provide oral care in time after coughing and hemoptysis.
Breathing mode and effective expectoration guidance: after admission, instructing patients to cough effectively, expectorate effectively and take deep abdominal breathing correctly can prevent postoperative respiratory complications and relieve incision pain. If the patient has chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms, give continuous oxygen inhalation. Combined with respiratory tract infection, give antibiotics to control infection.