Why are there no mosquitoes in winter?

The following is for reference only: 1. Eggs: According to different species, mosquitoes' eggs may be laid in three different locations: water surface, such as Anopheles and house mosquitoes, and water surface, such as Aedes. Anopheles and domestic mosquitoes hatch in about two days, while Aedes takes three to five days. 2. Larvae: The larvae of mosquitoes are called dragonflies. The old man breathed through a straw. Intake of organic matter and microorganisms, bristles in the mouth will generate water flow and flow to the mouth. This period lasts about 10 ~ 14 days, and it becomes a pupa after molting for four times. 3. The pupa looks like a comma from the side. Don't eat, but you can swim in the water. Breathe at the first pair of breathing angles. Fully mature after two days. 4. Adult newborn mosquitoes can't take off until their wings are hard (eclosion). Within 24 hours after emergence, the male mosquito completely reverses the abdominal segment180 to complete the mating posture. Mating movements vary from species to species, and some form mosquito rows in the open fields at dusk for group dancing. The mosquito column is not necessarily composed of only one male mosquito, but often several different mosquito species. At this time, when the female mosquitoes saw the group dance, they flew close to the mosquito column and left after mating with the male mosquitoes of the same kind. Mating usually takes 10-25 seconds. Female mosquitoes mate only once in their lives. After mating, the fluid secreted by the male accessory gland forms a mating plug in the female mating hole, but it gradually dissolves and disappears completely after about 24 hours. Only once in her life, the eggs laid in her lifetime (100 days later) can still be fertilized. Living habits of mosquitoes Mosquitoes also have the following living habits 1. Breeding Habits Mosquitoes breed in water, and different kinds of mosquitoes breed in different water quality and different types of stagnant water. Controlling or reforming breeding grounds is a measure to prevent mosquitoes. Mosquitoes mainly breed in the water body, which seriously pollutes the water body, such as cesspits and cesspools, which disturb Aedes mosquitoes, and slightly pollutes the water body, such as sewage pits (ditches), clean cesspits, stagnant water in depressions and other clean water bodies in which Culex pipiens pallens appears in large areas, such as clean flowing water bodies of Anopheles sinensis and Culex tritaeniorhynchus such as paddy fields, lotus ponds, swamps and irrigation ditches, and small natural water bodies of Anopheles minimus such as mountain streams or creek beds. Such as Aedes albopictus in tree holes, bamboo tubes and jars, Aedes aegypti inside and outside the Aedes aegypti house in Incheon, such as water tanks and coconut shells. 2. Mosquitoes also spread diseases by sucking blood. Understanding the blood-sucking habits of mosquitoes can reveal their relationship with diseases. Only female mosquitoes suck blood, and female mosquitoes must suck blood on the ovaries to develop and reproduce. Female mosquitoes begin to suck blood 2-3 days after emergence. Many factors, such as temperature, humidity and light, will affect the blood-sucking activity of mosquitoes. When the temperature is above 10℃, start blood supply; Generally, Aedes mosquitoes mostly suck blood during the day, while Anopheles mosquitoes and Culex pipiens mostly suck blood at night. Some prefer human blood, others like to suck the blood of domestic animals, but there is no strict selectivity, so mosquitoes can spread human and animal diseases. 3. Habitat Habits Mastering the habitat habits of mosquitoes is the basis for formulating mosquito control measures. Mosquitoes need to find a place to live after eclosion and blood feeding. Generally speaking, mosquitoes like to live in hidden, dark and poorly ventilated places, such as under the bed, behind cabinets, behind doors, crevices in walls, barns and basements, as well as outdoor lawns, caves, cellars, bridge opening and crevices. Mosquitoes can be divided into the following three types according to their different habitat habits: domestic type: such as Anopheles minimus and Anopheles anthropophagus. Semi-domestic type: such as Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles sinensis in Sun Moon Lake and Anopheles sinensis, some of them live indoors and some live outdoors. Wild type: Anopheles dirus, Aedes albopictus, etc. Fly outdoors to digest the blood in the stomach after sucking blood. The life span of mosquitoes is about 7- 10 days after mating in natural conditions, but it can live to 1 to 2 months in the laboratory. Female mosquitoes can live at least 1 to 2 months, and have lived in the laboratory for 4 months. Among mosquitoes, the most hateful mosquito is the mosquito that sucks human blood. Male and female mosquitoes have different feeding habits. Male mosquitoes are "vegetarians" who specialize in feeding on nectar from plants and juice from fruits, stems and leaves. Female mosquitoes occasionally taste the juice of plants, but once they get married, they will feed on blood. Because it can only develop ovaries after sucking blood. So only female mosquitoes bite and suck blood. There are many spiral sensory hairs on a pair of antennae and three pairs of feet of mosquitoes, and each sensory hair is densely arranged with round or oval pores. In the dark, mosquitoes can sense the carbon dioxide emitted by the human body in the air through this sensor, respond within 1‰ second, and fly to the blood-sucking object correctly and in time. Before sucking blood, mosquitoes inject saliva containing anticoagulant into the skin and mix it with blood, so that the blood becomes thin plasma that will not coagulate, and then spit out undigested old blood and suck out fresh blood. If a person bites 654.38+100000 mosquitoes at the same time, he can absorb human blood. Mosquitoes suck human blood and are also "picky", looking for objects that meet their "tastes". When mosquitoes "buzz" around a sleeping person's pillow, they rely on proximity sensors to sense temperature, humidity and chemicals contained in sweat. Therefore, female mosquitoes first bite people with higher body temperature in love sweating. Because of the high body temperature, the odor secreted by people in love sweating contains more amino acids, lactic acid and ammonia compounds, which are easy to attract mosquitoes. The main harm of mosquitoes is to spread diseases. According to research, mosquitoes spread more than 80 diseases. On the earth, no animal is more harmful to human beings than mosquitoes. Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria is also called miasma. According to the investigation of 1935 Ministry of Health, 50% of residents have plasmodium in their blood, and 72% have falciparum malaria. 1936, about 20,000 people died of malaria in Gao County, Jiangsu Province. 1876 When the Panama Canal was dug, countless workers died of yellow fever and malaria, which made 1889 have to stop working. Only after entomologists have solved the problem of mosquitoes can they continue to complete the canal project. 1930 the report of the far east tropical diseases medical association points out that about 50 people die of tiger's mouth and 50,000 people die of malaria every year in Thailand. How do mosquitoes transmit pathogens into human body? When Anopheles mosquitoes suck the blood of malaria patients, they also inhale plasmodium (the source of malaria). When they bite again, plasmodium is injected into the bitten person from the mouth of the mosquito. After 10 days, plasmodium began to appear in the blood vessels near the skin. They multiply in patients' red blood cells and divide into a large number of small protozoa, which destroy red blood cells and release a toxin. Each plasmodium invades other red blood cells, constantly multiplying, making more and more plasmodium and toxins in patients, leading to chills and fever in patients. At first, malaria patients feel cold and trembling all over, but the temperature measured by thermometer is very high. About an hour later, the patient felt a fever, and then his temperature continued to rise. After three or four hours, he began to sweat and his temperature dropped. A few hours later, the patient felt relaxed and his illness seemed to have passed. In fact, at this time, the small protozoa have invaded new red blood cells and started to reproduce. When Plasmodium destroys red blood cells again, the patient becomes ill again, forming a second round. Unless proper treatment is given, this attack will continue periodically and painfully. The losses caused by malaria to human beings are considerable. The patient is weak, inefficient, and even loses his life in severe cases. At present, drugs can be used to treat and prevent this disease, but the best way is to eliminate malaria, a mosquito infected with this disease. Japanese encephalitis (an acute infectious disease caused by viral infection) is also spread by mosquitoes. This disease is also called Japanese encephalitis, commonly known as encephalitis. The patient developed fever, headache, vomiting, convulsions, lethargy and coma. There is no specific treatment, so the mortality rate is quite high. Mosquitoes bite the blood of infected people or animals, and after a considerable period of time, they become contagious. When biting people without immunity, they can make the bitten person sick. The mosquitoes infected with this disease are Culex pipiens and Aedes. In order to prevent the occurrence and prevalence of this disease, in addition to vaccination and infection prevention, we must also vigorously kill mosquitoes and eliminate communicators. In addition, Culex pipiens and Anopheles can also spread filariasis (elephantiasis). Mosquitoes that can transmit diseases in China can be roughly divided into three categories: one is Anopheles, commonly known as Anopheles mosquitoes, which mainly transmit malaria. According to incomplete statistics, during the period of 1929 1 year, about 2 million people worldwide died of malaria. The other is Culex pipiens, which mainly spreads filariasis and Japanese encephalitis. The third category is called Aedes mosquitoes, which have black and white stripes on their bodies, and are also called black-spotted mosquitoes, which mainly spread Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever. In a suitable environment in summer, female mosquitoes lay eggs in water and hatch into larvae in a day or two, which is called dragonflies. After molting for four times, it becomes a pupa, which can continue to live in water for two or three days and then emerge into mosquitoes. It only takes about 10- 12 days to complete the development of one generation, and seven or eight generations can be bred in one year. Scientists have found that carbon dioxide is very attractive to mosquitoes for a long time, but carbon dioxide alone cannot tell the whole story, because facts show that mosquitoes prefer to bite people's arms, legs and feet after all. Therefore, the role of carbon dioxide can not be ignored, but the skin must also release other substances that are more attractive to mosquitoes. Scientists have found that mosquitoes react strongly to some mixtures. Among the 346 substances they tested, the mixture of three special chemicals attracted 90% mosquitoes every time. Bernier found that his own arms and hands only attracted seven mosquitoes. "Sometimes, mosquitoes mixed with 30 substances are not attracted at all," bernier said. However, in this experiment, scientists have never found that any attractant can attract mosquitoes 100%. The researchers also found that the mixture that can release human body odor is more attractive to mosquitoes. However, this is far from being a better attractant. Because the attractant must be more attractive to mosquitoes than the human body nearby, bernier and others said, "It is very difficult to get close to the human body, and we have not been able to do it." Eliminating mosquitoes is the key to ensure people's health and avoid the spread of diseases. Mosquitoes go through four stages: egg, larva (larva), pupa and adult. Mosquitoes like to lay eggs in clear water, such as rivers, rain pools, ponds, ponds, rice fields and mountain streams. In warm seasons, eggs can hatch in about three days and begin to eat tiny microorganisms and protozoa growing in water. They lean on two air holes at the end of their bodies and suck air near the water surface. After molting, the baby finally stops eating and becomes a pupa. After about two or three days, the pupa surfaced to shed its skin, emerged as an adult (that is, a mosquito) and flew out. Male and female mating is mostly in the early morning or evening. First, male mosquitoes fly around in groups in treetops, eaves, windows or open places. Female mosquitoes seize the opportunity to join the team and mate quickly in flight. Male mosquitoes only suck grass juice and live on nectar, not blood. Female mosquitoes have to feed on blood (human or animal blood) eggs after mating to develop and mature, so only female mosquitoes can spread diseases. Female mosquitoes can lay eggs once after being full of blood, and they can lay eggs six to eight times in their lives, with 200-300 eggs each time. So killing a mosquito early is equivalent to killing hundreds of mosquitoes. It is important to know the life history and breeding place of mosquitoes. We can use this knowledge to kill mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae are the easiest to put out because they have to live in water. If we can fill the lowlands, drain the accumulated water and clean up the blood stored in the water frequently, we will certainly get a good mosquito killing effect. Dark mosquitoes begin to fly indoors at dusk, when the mosquito killing effect is the best. The corners of the room, the ceiling, the bottom of the bed and the back of the seat are the favorite places for mosquitoes to hide. Therefore, special attention should be paid when spraying aerosol. Good Ways to Deal with Mosquitoes After learning about their living habits, what are the good ways to deal with mosquitoes? Here are a few tips for you: the first tip for physical mosquito repellent: eliminate the living environment of mosquitoes (there is nothing to do in the dormitory, too much grass and too much garbage below). Some people have poor living environment and a lot of water around them, so they need to be sprayed frequently, which is not only difficult to kill mosquitoes, but also costs a lot of money. So we might as well use some physical methods to kill mosquitoes. Solution: Clean up the garbage in time and don't leave water. The second measure of physical mosquito repellent: close the doors and windows with soapy water, put a basin in front of the window, and add some water mixed with washing powder to the basin. The next day, there will be some dead mosquitoes in the basin "If this method is used continuously every day, there is almost no need to spray pesticides to kill mosquitoes. There will be fewer and fewer mosquitoes. The third measure of physical mosquito repellent: garlic, vitamin B and two magic weapons to win mosquito repellent. You must try it. It is the fourth measure of physical mosquito repellent with garlic and vitamin B: salt water and toothpaste. If you are bitten by a mosquito, don't scratch it with your hands. A little salt water or toothpaste can help you stop itching quickly in the affected area. Let's take a look at another way-gently drop a few drops of essential balm on the used mosquito-repellent incense tablets and plug in the power supply, which can not only achieve a strong mosquito repellent effect, but also save pills. In case of power failure, you can also light one or two used tablets together, and you can repel mosquitoes in a few minutes. You can also try the above money-saving mosquito killing methods. If you are used to spraying mosquitoes, you should choose the best time and key parts to kill mosquitoes. Can mosquitoes spread hepatitis C? Biocompilation: Could some cases of hepatitis C infection with unknown causes be caused by mosquito bites? The researchers found that the virus can combine and replicate in mosquito cells, which provides some evidence for this possibility. However, many experts disagree that mosquitoes can spread hepatitis C virus. About1700,000 people in the world are infected with hepatitis C virus, causing liver inflammation, which may eventually lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. In most cases, the virus is transmitted through infected blood products and contaminated needles, but about 20% of infected people do not have this risk factor. Hepatitis C belongs to flavivirus, which includes viruses that can be transmitted by insects, such as West Nile virus, dengue virus and yellow fever virus. This makes the research team led by Emmanuel Drouet of the University of La Tronche, France, the first university of Joseph-Fourier Grenoble, begin to doubt whether hepatitis C virus can replicate in mosquito cells. The researchers isolated the hepatitis C virus from a person infected with it, and added it to the cells of Aedes pseudosheath and the kidney cells of African green monkeys, both of which are commonly used culture cell lines of other flavivirus. In the Journal of Medical Virology published in May this year, the research team reported that by measuring the RNA level of the virus up to 28 days after infection, the virus can combine with the cells of mosquitoes and monkeys and replicate within the cells. On the contrary, in human B-cell living liver cancer cells, the infection failed after about one week. Derouet said that this may indicate that mosquitoes may spread hepatitis C virus, although no one has found hepatitis C virus in mosquitoes. Michael Turell, an entomologist at the US Army Center for Infectious Diseases Medicine, said that it is not surprising that hepatitis C virus can replicate in mosquito cells because of its relationship with flavivirus. Many scientists strongly oppose the idea that mosquitoes can spread hepatitis C. They point out that there is no geographical or seasonal distribution of hepatitis C virus infection, which is the characteristic of mosquito transmission. They think that some unexplained cases may be just sexual transmission or conceal the fact of drug abuse. David Thomas, an epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins Medical College, said, "There is still no evidence that mosquitoes spread the disease. "From an evolutionary point of view, the host must have appeared before the parasite, so the parasite did not exist before the host evolved. So the mosquitoes and roundworms you mentioned obviously didn't exist before the appearance of higher animals. At that time, only primitive arthropods (primitive mosquitoes) and linear animals (primitive nematodes) existed, all of which lived freely, sucking nectar or eating microorganisms, organic matter, algae and so on. Since the appearance of higher animals, they have gradually evolved into parasitic species in several different ways. The following is the origin of parasitic relationship: there are three ways: 1, from space connection to food connection. There is a simple * * * habitat first, and then the transition to the host body, and then into the body * * * habitat, different degrees of * * * habitat for the development of nutrition links to establish the foundation. Food connection may be just a kind of partiality, which is beneficial to one party at first and harmless to the other. In the further development, it may appear that one party depends on the other party's body fluids to maintain life, that is, it develops into a parasitic relationship; It is also possible that the two sides use each other's metabolites to develop a mutually beneficial relationship. 2. The transition from predation to parasitism. Traces of transition are still preserved in nature. For example, the European leech (Glossiphonia complanata) is a free-living predator that devours small invertebrates as a whole; The yellow leech (naemopis) is the same as the flat-tongued leech when devouring small animals, but the attack and blood sucking on large animals are temporary. Hameadipsa, who lives in the bushes, no longer adopts other nutrition methods, but only relies on the exclusive and temporary parasitic life of sucking the host blood from time to time. All the life activities of inchworm are on the fish body, and only leave the host during the breeding period. The third way is that the future host will sneak into the body accidentally. Although the host is a temporary living place, it is very beneficial to parasites and successfully becomes a facultative parasite. Parasitic relationship can evolve in different directions after it comes into being in three ways: habitat, predation and accidental parasitism. The co-evolution of parasites and hosts often weakens the harmful "negative effects" and even evolves into a mutually beneficial relationship. Therefore, it can be said that mosquitoes and roundworms appeared very late until they were completely parasitic. Mosquitoes in the primitive state make a living by sucking tree sweat, each as big as one meter and more than two meters. Life is very fragile because it attracts tree sweat. Later, in order to adapt to life and various environments, it evolved into blood sucking and became very small. In primitive areas such as Africa, there is also a saying of "three mosquitoes and one dish"