In the third quarter, human immunity in Wanzhou District of Chongqing? Ren of Shahe Middle School
Teaching objectives
1. knowledge
(1) describes the immune function of human body,
(2) Understand the main effects of specific immunity on human body;
(3) Explain the meaning of EPI.
2. Ability:
(1) Distinguish nonspecific immunity from specific immunity;
(2) Training students' thinking ability of collecting information, analyzing and judging by collecting data; Learning methods that focus on the internal connection of knowledge and knowledge transfer.
(3) Enhance the ability of unity and cooperation through communication.
3. Emotional attitudes and values:
(1) Combined with students' personal experience of vaccination, students are deeply aware of the importance of planned immunization that the party and the state care about the healthy growth of the next generation and improve the quality of the population, especially the great achievements China has made in medical and health undertakings and the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in the past 20 years of reform and opening up, and patriotism education has penetrated into students.
(2) By introducing the harm of major diseases to human body, make students care about life, so as to educate students on population quality; And health habit education. Cultivate the sense of ownership of learning and paying attention to social life and the style of integrating theory with practice.
Fourthly, analyze the key points and difficulties of teaching.
Teaching focus:
Specific immunity, some concepts (such as antibody and antigen) are difficult for students to understand.
Implementation plan: teaching should be solved by combining examples and teaching materials. The textbook lists the changes and results of varicella virus after it enters the human body to illustrate several basic concepts such as antibody, antigen and specific immunity. Therefore, the example of varicella virus must be clearly explained by combining courseware, pictures and teaching aid models.
Implementation plan:
(1) Explain the types of major diseases by displaying the materials of contemporary diseases;
(2) Discuss how to prevent major contemporary diseases.
Teaching difficulties:
Specific immunity
Implementation plan:
Realize the teaching purpose through information exchange and mutual discussion.
Class type: a new teaching type
teaching method
Autonomous learning, observation and comparison, discussion and exchange, comprehensive analysis, teacher guidance and other methods.
Teaching design
Class hours: 1 class hours.
Teaching preparation: teaching aid model, wall chart, courseware and drawings.
Preparation before class:
(1) Arrange students to inquire about the hazards, prevention and causes of cardiovascular diseases and cancer through newspapers and the Internet.
(2) In addition to the materials collected by students, teachers should also prepare detailed materials.
(3) Physical material courseware.
teaching program
(A) the creation of scenarios (introducing topics)
Teacher: When autumn and winter change seasons, it is the season when colds are popular. Some people always live, work and study healthily, and some people are not immune. Do students still remember the experience of vaccination? What functions do these facts have to do with the human body?
Health: a healthy body, vaccinated. ...
Teacher: Please exchange the questionnaires you made before class.
Influenza, measles, hepatitis B and others.
student
father
mother
other
Health 1: I have the flu and measles.
Health 2: I have had chicken pox, and so have my parents.
(Interesting introduction through questionnaire)
(2) Newly awarded
Teacher: please look at this question: the intact skin of human body has protective effect, and the injured and infected skin appears red and swollen. Do you know why? Show pictures of skin inflammation and organize students to discuss and answer.
Health: White blood cells kill bacteria.
Teacher: Skin is the barrier of our human body. At the same time, some tissues distributed in the inner walls of organs such as heart, nose, throat and intestine are also? It is a barrier to the human body. In addition, the secretions of sweat glands and sebaceous glands also have inhibitory effects on some bacteria.
Health: There are many kinds, because there may be many kinds of bacterial infections in skin wounds.
The phagocytosis of white blood cells kills bacteria. Use this picture to help students learn new knowledge by using old knowledge. )
[Guide students to summarize nonspecific immunity]?
1. Nonspecific immunity
Q: Please think about it. Why does the injured and infected skin naturally heal after swelling? (showing pictures)?
Students' representatives speak in group discussions to arouse students' enthusiasm and give full play to their initiative. In addition, lysozyme in oral saliva also has bactericidal effect. Excuse me: the phagocytosis of white blood cells, the sterilization of lysozyme, and one or more pathogens they target? Tell me your opinion (show pictures)?
Health: The human body has some or more protective functions, and the answer is not unique.
What do we call these protective functions of the human body? (Write the title)
Health: nonspecific immunity
Teacher: Is the protective effect of skin mucosa, phagocytosis of white blood cells and bactericidal effect of lysozyme in saliva innate or acquired? In daily life, people are often exposed to a variety of pathogens, but they don't often get sick. This is an important reason.
Health: It is congenital.
(Use common diseases in daily life to arouse students' thinking and actively participate in teaching activities)
2. Specific immunity
Teacher: Please tell me that many students had chickenpox when they were children, and now they don't have chickenpox. What is the reason?
Health: Increased resistance.
Inspire students to think about the process of specific immunity with diseases such as chicken pox.
3. Immunization
planned immunization
In addition to the protective effect of nonspecific immunity, the human body has more important specific immunity.
People who have suffered from chickenpox can produce a specific protein-antibody, which has the ability to resist chickenpox virus, so that people no longer suffer from chickenpox and enter the human body. The substance that makes people produce antibodies is called antigen. (such as varicella virus) animation demonstration
Health: After watching the animation, group discussion, and the spokesman of the center spoke, the body has the ability to resist germs.
Q: What is the relationship between antibodies and antigens?
(Intuitive teaching with animation, visualizing abstract knowledge)
Q: Specific immunity is aimed at inducing antigen, which is acquired by people. Student? Can you name other antigenic substances?
Health: influenza virus, hepatitis B virus.
Health: Group discussion: Tell the difference between specific immunity and nonspecific immunity.
Guide students to sum up similarities and differences, fully mobilize students, and students actively cooperate, indicating that students are the main body of learning. Teachers play a good regulatory role in the teaching process, and students will take the initiative to learn)
* * * Similarity: Destroy and destroy pathogenic microorganisms invading human body. Maintain human health.
Specific immunity non-specific immunity
Scope: Organisms only react to foreign objects. Can the body react to foreign bodies inside and outside the body? reaction
Characteristic nonspecific
Form, produce, be born
Strong and weak function
(This is the contrast between specific immunity and non-specific immunity)
Teacher: The way for the human body to protect itself is immunity. Immunity is a kind of defense function in human body, and the human body relies on this function to distinguish between "self" and "non-self" components. So as to destroy and eliminate foreign invasive substances entering the human body, as well as damaged cells and tumor cells produced by the human body itself. Maintain the balance and stability of human internal environment. Under normal circumstances, immunity is a protective response of the body, but in some cases, immunity can also produce abnormalities, such as allergic reactions.
Teacher: Everyone will remember the vaccine they took. What vaccines have they been vaccinated against?
Health: Look at the questionnaire, BCG, measles, mumps and so on.
Make use of students' own experience and talk to them.
In terms of measures to prevent infectious diseases, at present, according to the occurrence law of some infectious diseases and scientific immunization procedures, people are inoculated with relevant vaccines in a planned way to improve the human body's resistance to these infectious diseases, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling and eliminating infectious diseases, which is planned immunization.
Teacher: Most of what students can remember is after primary school, but newborn babies should be vaccinated with BCG, DPT, polio vaccine, meningococcal vaccine and measles vaccine three months later.
From 1992 to 1, China will be immunized with hepatitis B vaccine as planned. In China, the work of planned immunization is widely carried out, which reflects the concern of the party and the government for children and adolescents.
Use hospitals to vaccinate people to educate students.
Teacher: Then why can vaccination prevent infectious diseases?
Health: Vaccination is to vaccinate susceptible people with various vaccines prepared artificially. After the vaccine is injected into the human body, it generally does not produce disease symptoms, but it can produce antibodies in the body, making people immune. This immunity is specific, thus improving the body's resistance to these infectious diseases.
Teacher: The answer is very good. Through research, we all know that many infectious diseases can be prevented by vaccination. Therefore, with the development of society, the improvement of people's living standards and the progress of medical science and technology, the incidence and mortality of infectious diseases have dropped significantly.