These materials are provided according to education and related majors, and books are extracted according to the contents of teaching materials.
Organize the key and difficult points into a book to facilitate the majority of students to review before the exam.
First article
Basic problems of school physical education
chapter one
Historical Evolution and Ideological Evolution of School Physical Education
The first chapter is mainly about understanding, mainly about the formation of school physical education thought.
The formation and development of China's modern sports thought,
20
The development trend of school physical education at the turn of the century.
These contents are not the focus of school physical education,
The main purpose is to make everyone interested in the school.
Sports have a general impression,
So it's not the focus of the exam,
In retrospect, you can probably
Just reading.
chapter two
School physical education and students' all-round development
the first paragraph
School physical education and students' physical development
1
, students
Students are the basic factors in the process of school physical education.
Students, even if they are the objects of school sports,
It is also the main body of school physical education.
The law of students' physical and mental development,
Learning potential,
Enthusiasm for learning,
Cognitive ability directly restricts and affects the effect and quality of school physical education.
2
The main characteristics of students' physical development:
There are two high-speed growth stages of students' body shape development, and the first peak appears in the fetal period.
From the birth of a child to the first year after birth
The second peak appeared in adolescence, and then increased rapidly.
The temperature gradually slows down until it matures.
three
The main characteristics of students' physical function development
1
) nervous system:
The activity of the first signal system of neural activity is dominant in primary school, which mainly depends on the specific situation.
The intuitive image established by conditioned reflex,
The second signal system is relatively weak,
Abstract thinking ability is better.
Pity. After junior high school, the process of nerve inhibition has been developed and the ability of abstract thinking has been continuously improved.
The relationship between the two signal systems is more harmonious and perfect,
The comprehensive analysis ability is remarkably improved,
Nengbi
Quickly establish various conditioned reflexes.
After high school, students' nervous system has been fully developed.
big
The structure and function of the brain have reached the adult level.
The process of excitement and inhibition is basically balanced,
The second letter
1 system plays a major role.
2
) Musculoskeletal system:
Pupils have small muscle cross-sectional area, slender muscle fibers and high muscle moisture. Protein and
Less inorganic salts,
Poor muscle strength and endurance,
Easy to get tired,
But it soon recovered.
After graduating from high school,
Muscle length and cross-sectional area increase simultaneously,
Muscle enhancement,
Practice strength and endurance.
The ability to accept has also increased.
three
) respiratory system:
Pupils and junior high school students have smaller chests, weaker respiratory muscles, shallow breathing surfaces and low breathing frequency.
Fast, small lung volume, small lung volume, small vital capacity and weak respiratory regulation function. high
After middle school, the respiratory muscles increase, the frequency slows down, the depth increases, and the vital capacity increases.
four
) cardiovascular system
The heart development of primary and middle school students is not as fast as that of skeletal muscle.
The myocardial fibers are very thin,
The contractility of the heart is weak,
The heart rate increases, and the cardiac output per stroke is lower than that of adults. With the increase of age, the myocardial contractility gradually increases.
Increase, heart rate slows down.
four
The role of school physical education in promoting students' physical development
1
) promote the normal development of body shape and develop correct body posture.
2
) develop physical fitness in an all-round way
three
) improve the functional level
four
) improve the adaptability to the external environment and the resistance to diseases.
the second part
School Physical Education and Students' Psychological Development
First, students' psychological development mainly includes students' cognitive development, emotional and will development,
Three aspects of personality development.
1
Characteristics of cognitive development: perception, attention and thinking
2
Characteristics of the Development of Emotion and Will: Emotion and Will
★
three
、
Characteristics of personality development:
Personality includes personality psychological characteristics and personality tendency.
Aspects.
Personality psychological characteristics are composed of temperament, personality and ability, among which temperament
Greatly influenced by genetic factors,
Personality is mainly determined by the influence of environment and education.
Temperament and
Personality * * * has an influence on a person's ability.
Personality tendency consists of needs, motives, interests, beliefs and world outlook.
Second, the role of school physical education in students' psychological development:
1
) Promote the development of intelligence and ability.
2
) Regulate emotions and relieve psychological stress.
three
) contribute to the development of emotions.
four
) Exercise your will and improve your career.
five
) Cultivate and develop a healthy personality.
Third, the basic requirements for school physical education to improve students' psychological development level.
1
) Infiltrate psychological development into school sports activities.
2
) Stimulate sports motivation, cultivate sports interest and form the habit of physical exercise.
three
) Understand and respect personality differences and develop students' personality.
the third part
School physical education and students' social adaptation
First, the role of school physical education in improving students' social adaptability
1
) is conducive to establishing harmonious interpersonal relationships and improving social skills.
2
) is conducive to cultivating students' sense of competition and ability to resist setbacks.
three
) is conducive to cultivating students' good sports ethics and cooperative spirit.
four
) is conducive to cultivating students' social adaptability.
Second, the basic requirements of school physical education to strengthen the cultivation of students' social adaptability
1
Create a democratic sports atmosphere and establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students.
2
Optimize the school sports environment and create a good space for physical exercise.
three
Organize colorful extracurricular sports activities to improve social adaptability.
four
) extensively carry out school sports competitions and cultivate a sense of competition and cooperation.
chapter three
I talked about the goals and objectives of school physical education.
the first paragraph
School physical education structure
School physical education includes physical education, health education, educational activities and family sports.
Physical education includes:
1
) physical education and health course
2
) Extracurricular sports activities of all students
three
) Amateur sports training
four
) after-school sports competition
the second part
The goal, structure and function of school physical education
First, the essential purpose and goal of school physical education
1
The goal of school physical education has certain stages and finality.
2
) directionality in different directions
three
) Forward-looking encourages enterprising.
four
) there is a certain hesitation.
Second, the school sports goals
★ The goal of school physical education refers to the need of school physical education practice in a certain activity space and period.
The expected results achieved,
It embodies the purpose of school physical education.
What should be cultivated in school physical education?
What kind of talents, what level, type and basic specifications these talents should have, is the school.
The starting point and the end point of the movement.
the third part
The formulation of school physical education objectives
First, several factors that should be considered in formulating sports goals
1
) students' needs
2
) the needs of society
three
) Functional development of physical education discipline
Second, the four orientations of making school sports goals
1
)
"universal goal" orientation
2
)
Orientation of "behavior goal"
three
)
"Generate Line Target" requires
towards
four
)
Orientation of "expressing goals"
Section iv
The aims and objectives of school physical education in China.
★ School sports objectives include:
1
) Effectively improve students' health.
2
) Let the students compare.
Master and apply basic sports health knowledge and sports skills skillfully.
three
)
Formed in motion
Stick to the habit of exercise.
four
) cultivate and form a good psychological quality, improve
Interpersonal skills and spirit of cooperation
five
) Improve the sense of responsibility for personal health and group health.
Feeling,
Form a healthy lifestyle
six
)
Form a positive and enterprising,
An optimistic and cheerful attitude towards life
seven
)
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