Why is the literary influence of 300 Song poems much smaller than that of 300 Tang poems?

To discuss this problem, we should first start with the differences in the development and inheritance of poetry. The origin of poetry can be traced back to the Book of Songs in the Spring and Autumn Period. Most of them are four-character poems and five-character poems in the pre-Qin period, and the representative works are The Book of Songs and Songs of the South in the late Warring States period. The representative poems of Han Yuefu in Han Dynasty are Nineteen Ancient Poems and Peacock Flying Southeast. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a group of literati centered on "Three Caos" and "Seven Children of Jian 'an" such as RoyceWong was formed, which was later called "Jian 'an Style". Then there is the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems had a direct influence on the pastoral school of Tang Dynasty. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the representative poets in the South were Xie Lingyun and Bao Zhao. Folk songs in the Southern Dynasties are graceful and euphemistic, and the masterpiece is Xizhou Song. The folk songs of the Northern Dynasties are rough and bold, and the masterpiece is Mulan Poetry. The Tang Dynasty was the golden age in the history of China's poetry. (I won't elaborate here). The overall achievement of the Song Dynasty was not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty. In the early Song Dynasty, Yang Yi, Qian and other poets borrowed from Li Shangyin's Kunxi style. Yu Wang said that Mei, Liu, and others opposed the poetic style and the disadvantages of only talking about rhythm and rhetoric without social content, which laid the foundation for the healthy development of Song poetry. Ouyang Xiu advocated the poetry innovation movement and restored the tradition of paying attention to reality. Su Huang was the most influential poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. Namely Su Shi and Huang Tingjian. The outstanding poets in the Southern Song Dynasty were the "Four Great Poets of Zhongxing" (Lu You, You Mao, Yang Wanli and Fan Chengda). The most outstanding poet in the Jin Dynasty was Yuan Haowen. Due to the lack of historical materials, there are few poems in Yuan Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, the poems of Gao Qi, Liu Ji and others were more realistic, but then the "Taige Style" poetry school headed by the imperial court assistant Bi rose, praising and vague. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the "first seven scholars" led by Li Mengyang and He Jingming and the "last seven scholars" led by Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen successively launched the retro movement, arguing that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty", but they blindly respected the ancients and blindly imitated them, which was criticized by people of insight. First, the "Tang and Song School" represented by Gui Youguang began to correct it, and then the "Public Security School" represented by Yuan Hongdao advocated "expressing one's own spirit and not sticking to one pattern", which greatly impacted the retro thoughts of the former and the latter seven sons. Zhong Xing and Tan, the later "Jingling School", advocated similarity with the "Gongan School", but pursued a deep and lonely poetic style. The poems of adherents of the early Qing Dynasty, such as Huang Zongxi, Gu and Wang Fuzhi, have strong national feelings and patriotic thoughts. Qian, Wu and others had a great influence in the early Qing Dynasty. Wang Shizhen advocated "verve theory" and became a leading figure in poetry at that time. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, the wind of textual research was very strong, which influenced the poetry circle and appeared the style of being far away from reality, attaching importance to form and taking learning as poetry. Only Zheng Xie's works that reflect people's feelings, Yuan Mei's works that express temperament directly and Huang Jingren's works that express her mind alone are more distinctive. During the reign of Daoguang Xianfeng, domestic and foreign troubles intensified. Gong Zizhen used poetry as a weapon to expose social darkness and express his ambition to serve the country. He became a poet with a generation of ethos in the history of modern poetry and won the reputation of "the first class in three hundred years".

The development of poetry has a long time span from the early Spring and Autumn Period to the late Qing Dynasty. There are 300 poems in the Tang Dynasty written during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. 300 Poems of Tang Dynasty is the most popular collection of poems in the Tang Dynasty for more than 200 years, compiled by retired scholar Heng Tang. The editor of Hengtang, whose real name is Sun Zhu (17 1 1-6548). Because I was dissatisfied with the poor selection of poems in A Thousand Poems, which was widely circulated at that time, there were only five and seven sentences, so I chose the most important of the Tang poems, imitated the scale of the Book of Songs, and compiled 300 Tang Poems. At the beginning, I just wanted to provide "home-school textbooks" for school children. Later, because most of the selected poems were masterpieces of Tang poetry handed down from generation to generation, the number of selected poems was moderate, so they were widely circulated, and even reached the level of "popular at home, making one at home".

With the development of Ci, experts and scholars basically originated from Qi Liang in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and then Dunhuang Quzi Ci was introduced. By the middle Tang Dynasty, most of them began to write Ci. By the rise of Huajian Ci in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Wen and Wei Zhuang's graceful poetic style influenced the creation in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu inherited the style of Huajian Ci. Later, Liu Yong changed his poems into long-tune and slow-tune Ci, and Su Shi began. The ci world began to blossom. Qin Guan and Zhou Bangyan inherited graceful and restrained school, and paid more attention to temperament by the end of Northern Song Dynasty. However, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the creation of new poets headed by Xin Qiji was more vigorous and heroic. The Zhangjiang School of Ci, represented by Jiang Kui, Wu Wenying and Zhang Yan, is elegant in style, emphasizing melody and allusion, which promotes the elegant development of literati's ci images. Ci declined in Yuan and Ming Dynasties and revived slightly in Qing Dynasty. Ci is different from poetry because of its musicality. After the ci spectrum was destroyed by the war at the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, ci tended to be literary. That is, from then on, the word "lost its voice" to future generations. ?

Song San Hundred Poems was written by Zhu Zumou, an old man from Qiang Village, one of the four famous poets in the late Qing Dynasty. Zhu Zumou (1857- 193 1) was originally named Zhu Xiaocang, his real name was Huo Sheng, his real name was Lu Yin, and his real name was Qiang Village, a native of Wuxing, Zhejiang. Guangxu nine years (1883) Jinshi, official to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of rites. He was transferred back to Shanghai for public office on sick leave. Gong Yisheng is one of the four great poets in the late Qing Dynasty with rich works. At the age of 75. He is the author of "Strong Village Ci". Zhu Zumou's early works are similar to those of Meng Jiao and Huang Tingjian, and they are called "Window of Dreams". In the twenty-second year of Guangxu (1896), Wang founded the Ci Society and invited him to join it, just to concentrate on Ci studies. Influenced by the king. He expressed his ambition in his life, which is related to current events and sympathy for reformists. He felt the experience of Emperor Guangxu's concubine and expressed his sadness and depression. In his later years, although the poetic realm tends to be lofty and simple, the content is mostly the loneliness of the old people except for occasional scuffles with warlords. His ci poetry reached everyone in Song Dynasty, breaking the prejudice of Zhejiang School and Changzhou School, exploring solitary creation, and forming his own family. He is also proficient in meter and pays attention to meter.

? When Zhu Zumou wrote 300 Song Poems, he chose the most controversial figures in the Southern Song Dynasty. Make friends with Jia Sidao, the powerful minister at that time. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wu Wenying was highly respected, while Wu Wenying was highly respected in the Qing Dynasty. Zhu Zumou was highly praised by Changzhou Ci School in his early years and was full of praise for Wu Ci. In Sikuquanshu compiled by Ji Yun in Qing Dynasty, Wu Wenying was even called "Li Shangyin in Ci". In this way, Wu Ci became more popular in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. In the creation of Ci, Wu Wenying inherited Zhou Bangyan and attached importance to meter, voice, emotion, rhetoric and allusion. The technique is exquisite, but sometimes it is obscure. Zhang Yan, the last great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, even criticized Dream Window Ci, such as the Seven Pagodas, which dazzled people and shattered into pieces. Dream Window Ci has many shortcomings, such as excessive carving, obscure meaning and low style, but it has great influence on later generations.

? To sum up: (1) In the process of learning poetry, we usually get in touch with poetry first, some catchy poems, and then gradually get in touch with words after learning a certain amount of poetry. Moreover, words are mostly used for allusions and methods are mostly used for poetry and prose. Therefore, from the contact between people and poetry, it is far more extensive than words.

(2) Liu Yong, Su Shi and Zhou Bangyan in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jiang School and School represented by Jiang Kui, Wu Wenying and Zhang Yan in the Southern Song Dynasty, or Xin Ci School headed by Xin Qiji, wrote 300 poems. For non-literature majors, it is difficult to understand. There are so many works and allusions that it is difficult to understand now. Words are more difficult to understand than poems.

(3) At the beginning of its publication, The Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty considered the inheritance and reference of the selected poems, while The Selected Poems of Song Dynasty was only compiled under the influence of the social background and Ci culture at that time, so it had little influence on the Republic of China and modern times. In modern education, the proportion of 300 preferred words in Song poetry into textbooks is far less than that of 300 Tang poems, so the influence of 300 Song poems in literature is less than that of 300 Tang poems. ?