First of all, health education and behavior intervention must have a clear target group. Whether it is mass media or interpersonal communication, there must be a clear target group, which is the first step to carry out the work. In AIDS health education and behavior intervention, the target population can be divided into high-risk population, key population and general population. On this basis, according to different intervention goals, further determine and subdivide the sub-population within the target population, which is convenient for formulating strategies and carrying out work. Therefore, we must clearly understand and master the local AIDS epidemic situation, the main influencing factors that may cause the epidemic situation and spread, the types, quantities and distribution of infected people and major high-risk groups, so as to determine which target groups are the targets that need key intervention.
(b) Conduct situation and needs analysis.
Before intervention, it is necessary to analyze the local AIDS epidemic situation and the current situation and needs of the target population, and understand their current situation, possible problems and what kind of intervention methods are needed. For example, the local AIDS epidemic, the behavior and distribution of the target population closely related to the AIDS epidemic, the awareness of AIDS knowledge, and the accessibility of other departments and non-governmental organizations to participate in the work. The purpose of demand analysis is to ensure that future health education and behavior intervention are more targeted.
General comprehensive demand analysis includes six parts: existing data collection, distribution and quantity of target places and people, qualitative survey of high-risk behaviors, quantitative survey, survey of HIV infection rate of target people, current situation of AIDS prevention and control institutions and evaluation of service quality. Rapid demand analysis includes four parts: existing data review, distribution and quantity survey of target places, qualitative survey of high-risk behaviors and quantitative survey of high-risk behaviors. Rapid demand assessment is a common method.
(3) make an intervention plan
On the basis of demand analysis and evaluation, make an intervention plan. What should be included in the intervention plan? First of all, it is necessary to clarify the purpose and overall goal of intervention activities. The purpose refers to the expected final result after the implementation of the plan. The purpose is macroscopic and long-term, and it is generally expressed in words. The goal is the concrete embodiment of the purpose, which is described by specific indicators. Therefore, the goal is more measurable. Goals and objectives are the basis of project implementation and effect evaluation.
The overall goal should explain who the intervention goal is, what changes are expected, how big the changes are, how long the changes will be realized, and how to measure them. To achieve these general goals, we can decompose them into different specific goals according to different aspects, stages and levels, such as long-term disease control goals, medium-term health-related behavior improvement goals, and short-term knowledge awareness effect evaluation goals.
(d) Implementing interventions
It is necessary to carry out various activities to achieve the set goals and achieve specific indicators.