Hong Fei (1468—— 1535), male, Zi Zichong,No. Jianzhai,No. Goose Lake. In his later years, he was named Dongye Lao. Born in Ming Xianzong Chenghua for four years (1468), he died in Sejong Jiajing for fourteen years (1535) at the age of 68. Jiangxi lead mountain people, local people called prime minister fee.
Hong Fei, who was born and worked in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, was young, smart and capable of helping the world. Despite the twists and turns in his official career, he always ruled the world with integrity, Yang Tinghe, Yang Yiqing and others, and was deeply trusted by the monarch and ministers and praised by the people.
The life of the character
young and promising
/kloc-At the age of 0/3, Hong Fei, a boy from CITIC County, tried "Wen Yuan". At the age of 0/6, he took the provincial entrance examination in central Jiangxi and tried "Xie Yuan". In the spring of the 23rd year of Chenghua, Hong Fei took the Jinshi exam, won the top prize, and was appointed as imperial academy Jinshi. At the age of 20, Fang became the youngest scholar in the Ming Dynasty. In August of this year, Emperor Chenghua died and participated in the compilation of Xian Zong's memoirs. Both the President and the Vice President attach great importance to Hong Fei and put him in charge. In the third year of Hongzhi (1490), the examiners and invigilators of the Ministry of Rites were Chen Ge, Xu Pu and Wang Zongbo. They trusted Hong Fei and asked him to draft papers and articles. This time, many talents were selected and praised by people. Although Hong Fei is young, he participated in the government affairs presided over by the minister during his years in politics, which shows that he is not only literate, but also proficient in politics and handling affairs. For nine years, Hongye has been an official in Shi Ting. Soon, Zuo Chunfang was transferred to praise good people. Judging from the rank, it is not high, just like in imperial academy. However, imperial academy is a noble family, and it has high requirements for officials' morality and knowledge. This shows that Hong Fei was looking forward to it when he was in North Korea.
Stand by and come back
In the twelfth year of Hongzhi, his mother died in Anren, Hong Fei returned to his hometown to observe filial piety, and his father died the following year. After the expiration of the garrison period (three years according to the regulations, actually only more than two years), it happened that Yao, the editor of Tongjian, was called to the DPRK. By the end of Hongzhi, he had been an official for nine years. After examination by the official department, he was promoted to Zuo Yude and imperial academy Assistant Minister, and Zhu Houzhao participated in the compilation of Song Xiaolu. , and was promoted to teacher and miss. His parents also received gifts, and he was promoted to an official and courtesy on the festival day. Just entering the age of no doubt, Hong Fei became the king's teacher, and his rank was Minister of Authentic Department.
Join the cabinet and assist the government
At that time, the "Eight Tigers" headed by Liu Jin were in power and chaotic. Under the arrogance of traitors and officials, officials were silent and did not dare to make any noise. Hong Fei ignored these gangsters in power and kept his independent personality. After the fall of Liu Jin, he presided over the correction of various rules and regulations destroyed by Liu Jin and others. Hong Fei dared to speak out and acted properly, and was deeply respected and trusted by courtiers. When the cabinet was short of people, Yang Tinghe, the cabinet minister, was the first to promote Hong Fei, with the consent of the blind Chao and the approval of the emperor. Wu Zongzheng was six years old and Hong Fei was forty-four years old. He entered the cabinet as a university student in Wen Yuan Pavilion, assisted Li Dongyang, Yang Tinghe and Liang Chu, and ruled the world with one heart and one mind, winning the hearts of the people.
Against king ning
After Zhu succeeded to the throne, King Ning first restored the original Guards and took the opportunity to strengthen his military strength. He made friends with the ministers of the Ministry of War, such as Qian Ning and Lu Wan, and wanted to seize the opportunity to take back the imperial guards and fertile fields that had been taken away, and to win over the court dignitaries with 10,000 yuan. Many officials were bribed and secretly promised him more land, but Hong Fei said seriously and coldly, "I heard that he has long been disloyal. If you give him more guards, it will make him stronger. " This time, we have offended the strong and domineering captaincy in our hometown and the DPRK officials who colluded with Chen. After the escort, the closer Qian Ning and Chen Hao colluded, the more they hated Hong Fei. Qian Ning even sent people to spy in front of Hong Fei day and night, always trying to find out what Hong Fei was hiding. In the past few months, they didn't catch anything outside Hong Fei's door, but they were disloyal, colluded in many ways and wandered up and down. Qian Ning always speaks ill of Hong Fei in front of Emperor Zhengde, and colludes with people with ulterior motives, and has long coveted his appearance. Yushan impeached Hong Fei's younger brother Fei Cai, thinking that he should not stay in Hanlin, and accused Hong Fei of attacking Hong Fei. One day, suddenly, there was a decree from the Holy Father condemning Hong Fei. In this case, Hong Fei had to take the blame and resign. Hong Fei, who had been in the cabinet for five years and more than three years, was appointed as an official, and Fei Cai was also dismissed and returned to the south.
After Hong Fei left Beijing, party member of Chen Hao followed Hong Fei's boat back to his hometown. When the ship arrived in Linqing, Shandong Province, the outlaws he sent set fire to Hong Fei's ship. After returning to his hometown, Zhu instigated some villains and hooligans in his hometown to steal things, burn houses and even destroy ancestral graves. For personal safety, Hong Fei and his family took refuge in another ideal city. Chen Hao climbed over the wall, hired a bunch of bad guys to pretend to be thieves, and kidnapped Hong Fei's younger brother and younger brother. My brother was killed. These guys also know that national laws are hard to tolerate and openly steal. Governor Sun Gong asked the imperial court to send troops to wipe out the rabble and maintain local stability. Since then, Chen Hao really rebelled in the fourteenth year of Zheng De. He couldn't forget his enemy Hong Fei, so he sent dozens of knights to catch Hong Fei. The result was defeated by the army led by Liu Qingyuan, a local official. Hong Fei was advised to hide, but Hong Fei disagreed. Feicai planned to organize volunteers. At this time, Wang Shouren, the capital of Shu, was in Gannan, and ordered the troops stationed in various places to attack Nanchang, Chen Hao's lair. When the forces of various counties were concentrated, Hong Fei gave them advice, sent infernal affairs to Wang Shouren, put forward his own military deployment opinions, and finally defeated Chen Hao. Wang Shouren wanted to report Hong Fei's contribution to the court, but Hong Fei politely declined. It is suggested that Wu go to the army to record merit and understand these situations. Without going through Wang Shouren, he gave full play to the contribution of Hong Fei and Fei Cai in this counter-insurgency, saying, "When Chen Hao wanted to expand the Guards, Fei Cai stopped them with a clear attitude and predicted the situation today. When Chen Hao stood up, Hong Fei immediately reported to the general with a book. Later, ministers wrote in succession, scrambling to ask the emperor to summon Hong Fei. At that time, because of the emperor's southern tour, it was not handled. Only ten days after Zhu Houzong acceded to the throne, he made a decree to use Hong Fei and Fei Cai, and sent Zhao Yu to urge Hong to return to North Korea quickly. When I arrived in Kyoto, I was a cabinet minister and gave him a python suit and a jade belt. At the same time, due to the pacification of Chen Hao, he gave him everything that Hong Fei burned on the boat when he returned home. Fei Cai was quickly promoted to the right assistant minister of Nanjing Ritual Department.
Act as the first record
In the "Yi Li" incident in the early years of Jiajing (1522), the records of Yang Tinghe, cabinet ministers Jiang Mian and Mao Ji fought with the emperor. Although Hong Fei's point of view was consistent with Yang Tinghe's, he also signed his name as a cabinet minister, which was different from Yang Tinghe's stubborn insistence, which was unacceptable to Jiajing Emperor. The emperor found that the four of them had different attitudes and thought Hong Fei was very good. In February of Jiajing three years, Yang Tinghe became an official, and Fei was appointed as the official department minister. In April, Jiang Mian and Mao Ji also left their jobs and returned to their hometowns to "discuss the ceremony". He left at once because he was very kind. Seeing Hong Fei of North Korea, honest courtiers were relieved.
Hong Fei is honest, caring and supporting the younger generation, and is respected by the students. Emperor Jiajing also worshipped him. On one occasion, Emperor Jiajing also ordered the compilation of poems and songs. The emperor himself put the official title in front of Hong Fei's name: "The first minister in charge of cabinet maintenance." This caused the jealousy of Zhang Cong and Gui Keli who opposed the cabinet minister Yang Tinghe at that time. With the merit of "Yi Li", they often colluded to discredit Hong Fei in front of the emperor and even reviled him on the throne several times. Although Emperor Jiajing comforted Hong Fei, he never blamed Zhang Cong and Gui Calyx. Hong Fei insisted on being an official. In the sixth year of Jiajing, Hong Fei entered the Cabinet for the second time and left Beijing for home after nearly six years. At this time, his son Mao Xian was elected as Tu in imperial academy, and Tu was called "Chu Xiang" at that time-the successor of the cabinet minister was stored there. Maoxian also insisted on going back to his hometown to take care of him, not this one with a bright future. Because Hong Fei's tact, agility and sophistication can't beat Zhang Cong and Gui Calyx, it shows that the balance of the emperor has been tilted, so he is determined to stay away from the unpredictable whirlpool of politics and metallurgy.
Hong Fei is an official who resigned in February, 2006. 10, Zhang Cong joined the cabinet as a senior minister and a college student. A year later, Gui Calyx entered the cabinet. It can be seen that Hong Fei's second marriage was entirely due to the fact that Emperor Jiajing cleared the obstacles and created conditions for them to enter the cabinet.
Zhang Cong and Gui Chen entered the cabinet, and Zhang Cong once became Huiji, occupying important positions. But in the eyes of honest courtiers and orthodox literati, they are a group of unscrupulous villains who are opportunistic. They planted the blame for selfish purposes, accused Luo Zhi of attacking others, and even aroused the resentment of courtiers. Later, even Emperor Jiajing realized that they had gone too far, from dissatisfaction to disgust. First, Gui Calyx was an official in Jiajing for ten years and died of illness. In April of the 14th year of Jiajing, Zhang Cong also left the Cabinet.
Three times in the cabinet
The emperor began to think of Hong Fei who worked hard for his country. This summer, the emperor asked Xia Yan, the minister of rites, "I wonder how Hong Fei is doing?" Xia Yan bowed down and replied: "The body is quite healthy." The next day, the emperor ordered the reuse of Hong Fei and sent a pedestrian from Wang Xianzhi (the pedestrian department was an official and was sent to perform a task) to publicize the trip. Hong Fei set out at the hottest time on June 15th and sent a flying horse to report to the court. The emperor was very happy and wrote back saying, "Ai Qing can come here day and night, and I am waiting to see you." In July, Hong Fei arrived in Kyoto, where the Emperor was in the "fasting palace" (Emperor Jiajing believed in Taoism) and sent envoys to express condolences. Most of Hong Fei's memorials to the imperial court were urgent decisions to govern the country, and the emperor was even more happy to see them. Immediately, Hong Fei was called to the temporary hall for a meeting, and there was more comfort and encouragement in his speech, and he was given a silver seal of "Old Assistant Minister". From then on, Hong Fei went to work in the Cabinet every day, in case the emperor asked, the documents that needed to be approved often piled up on his desk. He was ordered to offer sacrifices to Confucius, Di She and Di Ji on behalf of the emperor for many times, and was also favored by the emperor to visit the West Garden. Every time I go to some newly established institutions, I always stop to ask about the situation, and I am very concerned about the advancement and retreat of ministers and the gains and losses of the government. Zhang Cong and Chen Gui were in power for eight years, and they took revenge and rejected dissidents. Courtiers have profound opinions on the portal website. When Hong Fei returns, people will feel that the world will be prosperous.
An unfortunate death
Due to old age and infirmity, Hong Fei's spleen disease recurred, but he still handled state affairs despite his illness, without any slack. At this time, it happened that the Qixiang Palace in the palace was completed. The emperor offered sacrifices to his ancestors. Hong Fei served the emperor in the inner hall, and later accompanied the emperor to hold a celebration in Qin 'an Hall. The emperor asked Hong Fei to go to the back garden of the palace to watch. When he left the palace through the door on the right, it was already evening. A few rays of sunset glow are transmitted from the boundless twilight. The setting sun shines on the flowers and trees in the back garden and palace, which has an indescribable beauty, which makes people surprise and sigh that life is getting old and time flies. Hong Fei sighed lightly and pulled his sleeve, feeling that it was very cold at night. He only drank a little wine, hardly ate much, and went to bed. You must know that this is the last resting place of Hong Fei, right? !
Hong Fei went. "Suddenly, I fell dead on the pillow", which means he worked to the last breath of his life. This day is1October 19. Since he entered the cabinet for the third time, he has presided over state affairs in the palace for just over three months. Fei Zheng Hong hopes to serve the court faithfully with his wisdom. Even if he is ill, he will not cherish his body. Now he can only leave regrets. ...
Hong Fei entered the official career at the age of twenty and died at the age of sixty-eight. After three dynasties, he was an official twice and joined the cabinet three times. He assisted the two dynasties for ten years and served as an official for more than thirty years. Although he was repeatedly vilified, demoted, alienated or reused, he was always diligent and loyal. He presided over two examinations of the Ministry of Rites, one after the provincial examination and four after the first-class examination officer in Shi Ting. His protege stayed for half a day. Although he was the first official, he was extremely rich, but he always advocated frugality and could not eat well. Apart from official clothes, he seldom uses silk fabrics. You can also see the family brand of generations of farmers in him. As a generation of Confucian scholars who studied under Confucius and Mencius, their bumpy life is a portrayal of that era. He was an outstanding feudal politician who contributed to us by history in the middle of Ming Dynasty.
When Hong Fei lived at home, he excavated Huiji Canal, built a new dam and gave lectures in Zhushan for the benefit of Mulberry. Fei's poems are good, including 20 volumes of Excerpts from Goose Lake, and several volumes of Hudong Collection, Zhangchen Collection, Yidelu, Shame and Ashe Record. In addition, Xu Jie and Liu also compiled seven volumes of Selected Works of Fei Wenxian, which were collected in Sikuquanshu. After his death, he died in Wenxian County and was buried in his hometown of Lead Mountain and Cross Forest.
Hong Fei died at the age of 68. Emperor Sejong heard about Hong Fei's loyalty to the country. He was a veteran of Chenghua, Hongzhi, Zhengde and Jiajing. So he gave Hong Fei a Pacific insurance, retired for one day, personally made three eulogies, and led officials from more than three products to Fu Fei to offer condolences. Xia Yan, the prime minister, was sent to escort the coffin back to his hometown in Hong Fei and was buried according to the etiquette of nine years old.
The Ministry of Industry is responsible for the construction of cemeteries in Hong Fei, including memorial archways, huabiao, stone figures, stone horses, stone sheep, stone lions and Shi Hu. The tombstone is engraved with the words "the tomb at public expense presented by Dr. Shao Shi, Guanglu Zhuguo, and Shangshu, Prince of Taishi Huagai Palace".
Fei surname
First, the source of surname
1, an ancient Dayu flood control, had a minister named Boyi who helped Dayu flood control and was sealed in Fei Da. His descendants take Fei as their surname. If they went to Xia Guishang, they are his descendants.
2. Xia Qi enfeoffed Zhi Zi as a fee and took the land as its surname.
In the ancient Spring and Autumn Period, Lu Huangong's son Ji You was a doctor and was appointed as the leader of Fei Yi. His descendants took the fief as their surname, and the surname Fei was passed down from generation to generation.
Second, the county hall number
Jiangxia County in the Han Dynasty is now Yunmeng County in Hubei Province. The Collection of Surnames records that it is a quasi-surname, Hou Yu. There are no Fei Zhong and Chang Fei in summer. Looking out of Jiangxia.
1. Hope County:
Jiangxia County: It was set up during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty and ruled in Anlu (now Yunmeng, Hubei). At that time, it was under the jurisdiction of Anlu City, Zhongxiang County, Qianjiang City and the eastern part of Jiayang County in Hubei Province, as well as Guangshan County, the western part of Xinxian County, the eastern part of Xinyang City and the southern part of Huaihe River. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei and Sun Wu each set up Jiangxia County: Sun Quan of the State of Wu set up Jiangxia County in Jiangxia, Zhang Yu and Luling in 22 1 year, located in Wuchang (now Sun Yicheng, Hubei), and then located in Wuhan, Hubei and Jiujiang, Jiangxi; Jiangxia County of Cao Wei is located in Shangchang (southwest of Yunmeng today). After the destruction of Wu in the Western Jin Dynasty, the old land was returned to Wuchang County. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Song Dynasty moved its capital to Xiakou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and its jurisdiction was reduced to Wuhan and its vicinity. Jiangxia County in Sui and Tang Dynasties was Ezhou. This is Fei's hope.
Langya county: also known as Langya country and Langya county. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Qi had Langya City. In the northwest of Nanlangtai, Jiaoxian County, Shandong Province, there is a saying that Gou Jian, the King of Yue, moved his capital here. After the Qin Dynasty unified the six countries, Langya County was established in the territory, and Langya County belonged to it. All counties are located in Langya (Xiahe), and the county territory is in the southeast of Shandong Peninsula. During the Western Han Dynasty, Wu Dong (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) was ruled, and Langya Prefecture, Yun County and Zhuzi Houzhou were added to the territory, governing 5 1 county, including Haiyang, Jimo, Laoshan, Jiaoxian, Jiaonan, Yishui, Yingnan, Rizhao, Wulian and Ganyu (now Ganyu, Jiangsu Province) in the southeast of Shandong Peninsula. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Langya was changed to Kaiyang (now Linyi, Shandong). During the Jin Dynasty, it was changed to Langdai Province. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, autumn ruled (now Linyi, Shandong). In the Sui Dynasty, Langya County was restored. It was abandoned in the Tang Dynasty and returned to Jiaozhou and Zhucheng. At that time, it belonged to Zhucheng, Linyi and Jiaonan in the southeast of Shandong Province. Gan Yuan was deposed in the early years of the Tang Dynasty, followed by Langdai County in Yizhou. Langya State since Wei and Jin Dynasties, Langya Taiwan and Langya County in Qin Dynasty did not belong to Langya County (state). Another county, Langya County, located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, has been abandoned for more than 1000 years. This is Fei's hope.
Fei's genealogy
[Jiangdu, Jiangsu Province] Yan Qing's picture of Fei's Sect was written in the third year of the Republic of China (19 14). Jiangsu Jiangdu County Library Note: hanging music is cloth. [Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province] The six volumes of Fei's genealogy in Jingkou (189 1) The six volumes of Yanqing Hall are now in the United States [Wujin, Jiangsu Province]. (Qing) Fei et al. rebuilt the genealogy of Qing Tongzhi for eight years (1869). Lang Xie Fei's "Wujin Genealogy" has ten volumes, one volume, one volume, one volume, one volume, one (Qing) Fei Yukun, general manager, and other editors. In the 11th year of Guangxu reign in Qing dynasty (1885), the movable type book of Wujin Fei Reading Hall was written in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. Note: ChristianRandPhillips was first compiled in the 24th year of Jiaqing reign in Qing dynasty. [Jiangsu Wujin] Lang's Volume I, Volume I, Volume I, Volume I, Volume II, Volume III, Volume I, Volume II (Qing) Fei et al. compiled Guangxu Twelve Volumes to read this book [Jiangsu Wujin] Lang's Volume I, Volume II, Volume II, Volume II (Qing) Fei Yukun always revised the first year (1909) to read this book in eight volumes. Eight volumes of Fei's Genealogy in Langya Wujin, the first volume and the second volume (Republic of China), six volumes of Fei's movable type book compiled by Fei Yukun in the fifth year of the Republic of China (19 16), northern soil engraving, Japan and the United States [Wuxi, Jiangsu], and twenty volumes of Fei's Genealogy by Xishan (. The origin of Fei Nianci's Guangxu reign in the 26th year (190) Fei et al. rebuilt Shangzhitang movable type book in the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927) and "Fei's genealogy (Republic of China) [Changshu, Jiangsu]" published by Jilin University, and Fei and Fei Shengling rebuilt Shangsitang movable type book in the 8th year of the Republic of China (/kloc- [Map of Liaoning] The genealogy of Fei's family in Cidong has not been distinguished in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860). Hebei University [Cixi, Zhejiang Province] woodcut four volumes, Fei compiled "Fei's genealogy in Cidong (Qing Dynasty)" thirty-two volumes, Cheng Zhitang wooden movable type thirty-two volumes, Tianyi Pavilion [Cixi, Zhejiang Province] Ci's forty-four revised genealogy volume, Fei Shenghang, Fei Cheng. Reconstruction of Fei's genealogy of Hebei University [Fenghua, Zhejiang Province], written in 32 years of the Republic of China (1943). Fei's Genealogy of Shecun was not divided into volumes (Qing Dynasty). Guangwu et al. published six volumes in the 29th year of Qing Qianlong (1764). Fei Zhikui's genealogy of American [Huzhou, Zhejiang] villages is not divided into volumes (Qing Dynasty). Fei Zhikui's genealogy was revised and published in 12 volumes in the 29th year of Qing Qianlong (1764). [Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province] Brush four volumes of Fei's genealogy (Qing) Fei Wenxin Fei Lizhao rebuilt the Qing Daoguang for seven years (1s37) Wooden movable type book of Ma Zhao Primary School in Chunlian Township, Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province [Wuchang, Hubei Province] Five volumes of Fei's genealogy in Jiangxia (Qing) Fei Yi compiled the Qing Qianlong thirty-nine years (1774).