News media products include newspapers, television, Internet and other text, pictures, audio-visual information products.
The most influential in the world is the controversial FCC evaluation procedure of the Federal Communications Commission, which decides who can get the license and who can't, and whether the existing license can be renewed.
Its evaluation criteria are based on the influence of the attributes and program combinations of drama radio or TV stations, including the needs of local people, regional needs and ethnic minorities, and whether it conforms to the principles of public interest, convenience and necessity.
The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is an independent agency of the U.S. government and directly reports to Congress. The Federal Communications Commission coordinates domestic and international communications by controlling radio broadcasting, television, telecommunications, satellites and cables. It involves the United States, Colombia and more than 50 States in the United States. In order to ensure the safety of radio and wired communication products related to life and property, the engineering office of FCC is responsible for the technical support and equipment approval of the Committee. Many radio applications, communication products and digital products need FCC approval to enter the US market. The FCC Committee investigates and studies all stages of product safety to find the best way to solve the problem. At the same time, the FCC also includes the detection of radio equipment and aircraft.
According to the relevant part of the Federal Communications Regulation (CFR Part 47), all electronic products entering the United States need to be certified for electromagnetic compatibility (except those specially specified in the relevant provisions), among which there are three common certification methods: certification, DoC and verification. The authentication methods and procedures of these three products are quite different, and the FCC stipulates the authentication methods that different products can choose. The strictness of its certification is decreasing. For these three certifications, FCC Committee also has relevant requirements for each laboratory.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-regulates the import and use of radio frequency equipment, including computers, fax machines, electronic equipment, radio receiving and transmitting equipment, radio remote control toys, telephones, personal computers and other products that may endanger personal safety. If these products are to be exported to the United States, they must be tested and approved by laboratories authorized by the government in accordance with FCC technical standards.
FCC verification self-verification
Mainly targeted at products: AV products used by non-public consumers in FCC Part 18, wired telephones, ordinary household appliances, commercial PCs, industry, scientific research and medical equipment;
Certification method: the manufacturer or importer guarantees that its products have been tested in the laboratory recognized by FCC to confirm that the products meet the relevant technical standards, and keep the test report. FCC has the right to require manufacturers to submit equipment samples or test data of products;
FCC document
Declaration of conformity
Mainly targeted at products: home computers and peripherals, civil broadcast receivers, other receivers in Part 15 of FCC rules, TV interface equipment used by mass consumers in Part 18, cable system terminal equipment and industrial, scientific research and medical equipment;
Certification method: the responsible party of the equipment (usually the manufacturer or importer) will test the products in a qualified testing institution designated by FCC to ensure that the equipment meets the relevant technical standards and keep the test report. FCC has the right to require the responsible party to submit the test data of equipment or products. After the products pass the test, DOC and test report can be obtained, so that manufacturers can put FCC marks on the products and sell them in the American market.
FCC certification
Mainly targeted at products: low-power transmitters such as cordless phones, automatic door remote controllers, radio remote control toys and safety alarm systems, devices that intentionally emit RF energy in 15, industrial, scientific and medical devices used by mass consumers in 18, automatic frequency conversion receivers and super-regenerative receivers, TV interface devices, home computers and their peripherals;
Certification method: the product must pass the test of FCC-approved test room. After obtaining the test report, the technical data of the product, including product details photos, block diagrams, user manuals, etc. , should be sorted out and sent to FCC TCB test room together with the test report. After the FCC TCB test room confirms that all the information is correct, it issues a certificate to authorize an FCC ID number;
For customers who apply for FCC certification for the first time, they must first apply to FCC for a number authorization code. After the product has passed the inspection and certification, it can be sold by marking the FCC ID number on the product.
Certification work procedure
* Declaration of conformity: The product responsible party (manufacturer or importer) will test the product in a qualified testing institution designated by FCC and make a test report. If the product meets FCC standards, the product will be labeled accordingly, the user manual will indicate that it meets FCC standards, and the test report will be kept for FCC to obtain.
* Application ID: The process of applying for FCC ID can be completed in www.fcc.gov. First apply for FRN, and then fill in other forms. If the applicant is applying for FCC ID for the first time, it is necessary to apply for a permanent licensee code. Awaiting the approval of the Federal Communications Commission for distribution to the assignee.
Code at the same time, the applicant should take the time to test the equipment. When all the materials required by FCC are ready and the test report has been completed, FCC should have approved the transferee code. The applicant uses the code, test report and required materials to fill in FCC Form 73 1 and Form 159 online. After receiving the 159 form and remittance, the FCC began to accept certification applications. The average time for FCC to accept ID applications is 60 days. At the end of acceptance, FCC will send the original authorization of FCC ID to the applicant. After obtaining the certificate, the applicant can sell or export the corresponding products.
1. Basic description and technical conditions of products submitted by enterprises.
2. According to the product certification, put forward the test plan (including test items, test qualification conditions, general test cycle, etc. ).
3. After the enterprise approves the testing scheme and the testing fee, and pays 50% of the testing fee, the certification procedure is officially started.
4. Start the test after receiving the samples and relevant information.
5. After the test is completed, prepare the test report. At the same time, consult relevant information.
6. After the testing and data are completed and confirmed to be no problem, we will issue relevant certificates.
7. For some certificates that must be issued by the Certification Committee, we will send relevant information to the committees of relevant countries and obtain corresponding certification certificates from the committees.
Materials to be submitted for FCC certification
1. Full name, contact details and mailing address of the manufacturer and the applicant for certification.
2. Provide users with a manual for the installation and use of certified products. (If there is no user manual for this product, you can provide a copy of the draft of the relevant content. )
3. Electrical schematic diagram and working principle description of the product. (If the product has grounding or antenna, it should be stated. )
4. Regarding the working oscillation frequency table of the product, the propagation path of the signal and the corresponding oscillation frequency should be listed in the table.
5. Other product features that need to be explained.
Step 6 comment
Relevant documents shall be in Chinese and English.
In order to shorten the certification cycle, it is best to provide information in the form of electronic documents.
In the process of certification, due to some special circumstances, enterprises may need to submit other additional relevant materials.
Certification test content
In order to ensure the consistency and compatibility between the mobile phone terminal put into the market and the network, ensure the excellent performance and normal function of the terminal, and meet the requirements of consumers, countries will require the terminal to pass a number of equipment certification tests before entering the market. Generally speaking, WCDMA terminal equipment certification test is divided into two types: one is compulsory certification, that is, government-level (national legal requirements) certification: products are required to meet performance indicators related to personal safety, such as safety, EMC, SAR and other indicators; The other is operator access authentication. In addition to the authentication required by national laws, the terminal also needs to meet the requirements of various performance indicators, such as interface protocol, call performance, radio frequency indicators, compatibility and so on. In China, terminal access is managed by the government. In foreign countries, operators usually make specific requirements for terminal access, so terminal access is closely related to operators. For WCDMA terminals, authentication testing (compulsory testing and non-compulsory testing) mainly includes the following aspects.
1. Safety and health. Health (safety and health requirements). Safety laws and regulations: safety laws and regulations refer to product safety laws and regulations, which are mandatory to study the possible hazards and protective measures caused by products, regulate people's production and life in the form of laws and regulations, and ensure safety; Health: Also called SAR (Specific Absorption Rate), it is the requirement of special absorption rate.
2.EMC: EMC refers to the existing state that * * * devices, subsystems and systems can jointly perform their respective functions in the same electromagnetic environment. That is to say, it will not cause performance degradation, function loss or damage due to the surrounding electromagnetic environment, nor will it generate too much electromagnetic energy in the surrounding environment, thus affecting the normal work of peripheral equipment.
3. Spectrum: Each country/region has its own plan for its frequency, and the products sold to these countries/regions must comply with relevant laws and technical specifications.
4. Consistency and compatibility requirements: In order to ensure the compatibility of products in different operating networks and the universality of products, tests are usually carried out according to the requirements of GCF, PTCRB and other organizations.
Due to the different technical standards or regulations on which the regulatory mechanisms and conformity assessment procedures are based in different countries, the scope of certification and testing requirements for 3G terminals is also different.