Physiological function:
1, antioxidant
The important property of astaxanthin lies in its oxidation resistance, and it is an excellent antioxidant. Astaxanthin has a strong antioxidant activity, because it can stabilize the membrane structure, reduce the membrane permeability, and limit the entry of peroxide promoters into cells. Protect important molecules in cells from oxidative damage. At the same time, astaxanthin may become a pro-oxidant to induce oxidative stress.
In astaxanthin molecule, there are * * * yoke double bond, hydroxyl group and unsaturated ketone group at the end of * * * yoke double bond, in which hydroxyl group and ketone group constitute α-hydroxyketone. These structures have relatively active electronic effects, which can provide electrons to free radicals or attract unpaired electrons of free radicals, effectively quenching singlet reactive oxygen species and other free radicals with strong oxidation in the environment.
The results show that the quenching ability of reactive oxygen species increases with the increase of the number of double bonds in the * * * yoke, and astaxanthin has the strongest quenching ability, which is higher than β-carotene, vitamin E, α-carotene, lutein and lycopene with the same structure.
Astaxanthin is integrated into the membrane system, which can inhibit lipid peroxidation by protecting liposomes, protect cells and DNA from oxidation reaction, protect intracellular protein, make cells metabolize effectively, and make intracellular protein function better.
This antioxidant effect is manifested in prolonging the oxidation time of low-density lipoprotein, thus reducing the occurrence of atherosclerosis.
In addition, experiments show that astaxanthin can increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of protein. Different doses of astaxanthin can significantly increase the protein expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase in animal cells, and their biological activities are also significantly improved. These substances have good antioxidant effect in the body.
2, anti-cancer effect
The study on the relationship between dietary carotenoid intake and cancer incidence or mortality found that the total cancer incidence or mortality was negatively correlated with carotenoid intake. Comparing the anti-tumor activities of various carotenoids, astaxanthin has the strongest effect.
The anti-tumor activity of astaxanthin may be related to the signal transduction between cells, the induction of metabolic enzymes of foreign substances and the regulation of immune response related to tumor cells.
Studies have shown that astaxanthin can inhibit the mutagenicity caused by aflatoxin B 1, phenylpropyl pyrene (BaP), diethylnitrous acid (DEN), nitrosamines and cyclophosphamide, and the preventive effect of astaxanthin can play a role in different stages of tumor formation. For example, the formation of tumor inducers can be reduced by inhibiting the production of putrescine and reducing the concentration of free polyamines such as spermine and spermidine.
Protect skin from ultraviolet rays by antioxidation, prevent skin photoaging and prevent skin cancer; By strengthening the connection ability between normal cells, the carcinogen-induced cells are placed in the expanded communication network, so that the normal cells in them occupy the advantage, isolate cancer cells, reduce the connection between cancer cells, control their growth and prevent tumor transformation.
Astaxanthin also has a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of cancer cells, and high concentration of astaxanthin can kill tumor cells. Studies have found that astaxanthin can effectively control a variety of cancers, such as liver cancer, oral cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.
3. Enhance human immunity
Astaxanthin can obviously enhance the local and systemic immunity of the body. This immunomodulatory property, combined with antioxidant activity, plays an important role in preventing the occurrence and spread of diseases. Experiments show that carotenoids can slow down the decline of immune ability caused by aging, improve the function of immune organs and enhance the resistance to harsh environment.
More importantly, astaxanthin can enhance the function of T cells in vivo, increase the number of neutrophils and natural killer cells, and participate in cellular immunity.
Astaxanthin can also increase the vitality of B cells in the immune system, eliminate exogenous pathogens, and play a role by assisting the production of antibodies and improving the activity of other immune components, such as promoting the production of immunoglobulin, increasing the production of IgG (immunoglobulin G), IgA (immunoglobulin A) and IgM (immunoglobulin M), enhancing the humoral immune response ability and improving the immunity of animals.
4. Coloring effect
Carotenoid is the main pigment of aquatic animals, and astaxanthin accounts for most of carotenoids in aquatic animals, so astaxanthin can be said to be the main pigment of aquatic animals.
Astaxanthin is the end point of carotenoid synthesis. It can be directly stored in tissues without modification or biochemical transformation. It has a strong pigment deposition ability, which makes the skin and muscles of some aquatic animals appear healthy and bright colors, and makes the eggs, feathers, skin, feet and neck of birds appear healthy golden yellow or red.
The experiment shows that adding astaxanthin to feed not only makes the skin of fish yellow, but also increases the content of astaxanthin in muscle.
Extended data:
Astaxanthin reduces the cost through technology;
The Report on the Development Status and Investment Prospect of Astaxanthin Industry in the World and China from 2065438+08 to 2024 (hereinafter referred to as the Report) studies the development status and future trend of astaxanthin in the world and China markets.
According to the report, 20 18 China's efforts in the astaxanthin market mainly come from Weihai Lida Biotechnology Co., Ltd., a recruit in the astaxanthin industry in China.
It is reported that the market share of Weihai Lida Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in astaxanthin field was zero in 20 17, but in 20 18, the company occupied more than 52% of the market share in one fell swoop. Correspondingly, Japan's KIChemical Company previously occupied the first place in the global astaxanthin market, and its market share dropped from 43% in 20 17 to 20% in 20 18.
At present, astaxanthin products on the market mainly obtain astaxanthin from three sources. Due to technical difficulties, the output of natural astaxanthin is limited, which is far from meeting the market demand. Therefore, the large-scale production of natural astaxanthin by various biotechnology has been a hot issue at home and abroad.
The report shows that in 20 17, the global total astaxanthin output value was about1000 million US dollars, and it surged to1500 million US dollars in 20 18. As early as 20 13, the global output value of astaxanthin has reached 90 million dollars. Correspondingly, in 20 17, the output value of astaxanthin in China was only $90 million, and it soared to $56 million in 20 18.
The report predicts that by 2024, the global output value of astaxanthin will be close to 340 million US dollars, while the output value of astaxanthin in China will reach nearly 200 million US dollars.
The emergence of Weihai Lida Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has greatly improved the industrial concentration of the global astaxanthin market. During the period from 20 14 to 20 17, the share of the top three industries in the total market remained stable at about 63%, but this figure increased to 82.5% in 20 18.
Behind these figures are a series of technological breakthroughs.
Since 20 16, Weihai Lida Biotechnology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Defeng Lida Group, has used three key biotechnology: Phaffia rhodozyma high cell density fermentation technology, Phaffia rhodozyma genetic breeding technology with high astaxanthin production, cell wall breaking technology and astaxanthin biological extraction technology.
High-yield astaxanthin-producing strains are independently researched and developed, and have 5 national patents in key technical fields such as strain, fermentation and extraction, and more than one patent 10 is being applied. The company enjoys completely independent intellectual property rights, which fills the gap in domestic related technical fields.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Astaxanthin
People's Network-Astaxanthin uses technology to reduce costs