2, the principle of intervention
.. must adhere to the prevention first, starting from children and adolescents, starting from the prevention of overweight, and must persist for life.
.. take comprehensive measures to prevent obesity and actively change people's lifestyle. Including changing diet, increasing physical activity and correcting behaviors and habits that lead to overeating or lack of activity.
.. encourage the intake of low-energy, low-fat, moderate protein and carbohydrates, rich in trace elements and vitamins.
Control diet and increase exercise to overcome the adverse effects caused by simply reducing dietary energy. The combination of the two can prevent the basal metabolic rate from decreasing due to low energy intake and achieve better weight loss effect. Active exercise can prevent weight rebound, improve cardiopulmonary function and produce more and more comprehensive health benefits.
.. should adhere to the weight loss plan for a long time, the speed should not be too fast, and it should not be eager to achieve success.
Obesity-related diseases must be prevented and treated simultaneously, and obesity prevention and treatment should be an important link in the prevention and treatment of related chronic diseases.
.. establish the concept of healthy weight and prevent the misunderstanding of losing weight for beauty.
3. Interventions:
The general intervention of the public.
The first is group prevention, which takes monitoring and controlling overweight, preventing the development of obesity and reducing the prevalence of obesity as one of the important measures to prevent chronic diseases, and regularly monitors the weight changes of the sampled population to understand its changing trend, so as to be aware of it.
Actively carry out publicity and education. Make people pay more attention to dietary balance and prevent energy intake from exceeding energy consumption. The intake ratio of protein, fat and carbohydrate in diet is reasonable, especially reducing the intake of fat and increasing the proportion of vegetables and fruits in food. In work and leisure time, consciously do more moderate and low-intensity physical activities. Spread a healthy lifestyle, quit smoking, limit alcohol and salt. Always pay attention to your weight and prevent it from gaining too much and too fast. It is best to control the weight gain of adults within 5 kg, and more than 10 kg will increase the risk of related diseases. It is necessary to remind individuals with obesity tendency (especially those with overweight waist circumference) to regularly check the indicators of obesity-related disease risk, find hidden dangers such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease and diabetes as soon as possible, and treat them in time.
Selective intervention for high-risk groups
Individuals and people with high risk factors of obesity should focus on preventing the further aggravation of obesity and preventing obesity-related complications. High risk factors include family history of obesity, obesity-related diseases, unbalanced diet and less physical activity. The goal of preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in high-risk individuals and populations is to increase the knowledge and skills of this group, so as to reduce or eliminate the risk factors of complications. Its measures include: changing the knowledge, concept, attitude and behavior of high-risk groups; We should let them know that in most cases, bad environment or lifestyle factors can promote the occurrence of obesity and activate this trend, and changing diet and strengthening physical activity are effective in preventing obesity. By screening people in schools, societies and workplaces, high-risk individuals can be found. We should emphasize the importance and necessity of monitoring the weight of high-risk individuals and managing obese patients.
Targeted intervention for patients with obesity and complications
For high-risk individuals who are overweight and obese and suffer from obesity-related diseases, it is mainly to prevent further weight gain, preferably to lose weight, and to manage the diseases of patients with complications, such as self-monitoring weight, setting weight loss goals, and guiding corresponding drug treatment methods. Through health education, improve patients' awareness that obesity may further aggravate the risk of disease, and strive to improve patients' confidence.
Let overweight or obese people realize that it is often unrealistic to expect to return to the so-called "ideal weight" in a short time, but even losing 5% of the original weight within one year is of great benefit to their health. It is necessary for patients to understand that excessive food restriction may have some temporary effects in the short term, but if you don't insist on reducing calories in your diet for a long time and take an active part in sports activities, it will be difficult to keep your weight at a reduced level. The weight of individual patients will even increase further, even exceeding the original level before losing weight. Repeated failure to lose weight will make patients lose confidence. You can organize a forum for fat friends, exchange experiences in losing weight or controlling weight, and hold lectures to explain the possible harm and prevention methods of obesity; Strive for the cooperation of family members and create a slimming atmosphere; Monitor relevant risk factors with the cooperation of medical units; Guide key subjects to do a good job in self-monitoring records such as diet, physical activity and weight change and comprehensive intervention methods of weight loss plan, and follow up regularly.