His family background is Confucianism, and his grandfather Hao Tianting is Yuan Haowen's teacher. When Kublai Khan, Yuan Shizu, was the emperor's brother, he summoned Hao Jing to the vassal government, and he greatly appreciated his strategy of governing the country. After he ascended the throne, he was awarded the position of Assistant Minister of Hanlin, and was appointed as the ambassador of Guo Xin to negotiate with the Southern Song Dynasty. After entering the Song Dynasty, he was demoted for more than ten years and never endured humiliation. He only returned to Korea shortly after the collapse of the Song Dynasty. There are also Lingchuan episodes.
A thousand words to repair the north and south, a sincere heart to pay the east-Hao Jing imprisoned in the south
During Kublai Khan's reign in Yuan Dynasty, he served as a bachelor and Si Tuleideng in Zhao Wen Museum, and was named Ji Guogong. Hao Jing was a Confucian scholar, and his grandfather, Hao Tianting, was an inquisitive teacher of Confucian scholars in the late Jin Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. Hao Jing himself was deeply influenced by Yuan Haowen.
Hao Jing opposed the "distinction between Chinese and foreigners", but advocated the idea of "four seas and one country", advocated unifying the world and ending the state of division since the late Tang Dynasty, but opposed the hierarchical concept among different nationalities. Hao Jing also advocated that you don't have to learn from the ancients in everything, and put forward that "you don't have to ask others for the law as the law", arguing that "the Three Kingdoms and the Six Dynasties were unknown, and the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties were afraid to do it themselves; Five seasons and today, no celebrities take the Tang and Song Dynasties as the law and dare not do it themselves. They also stressed that scholars should "rely on themselves" when writing articles. It embodies Wen Zi's strong knowledge consciousness, free thought and innovative spirit.
When I first studied, Hao Jing liked poetry. 1238, the Mongolian khanate took the Confucian scholar exam in the Central Plains for the first time. Hao Jing had intended to take the exam. But his father taught him, "You study for Tao, not for artistic ability, but for self-cultivation." . Then, Hao Jing turned to "moral principles, the origin of life and the foundation of classics" as his priority. "Tracing back to Zhu Lu, learning from Luo Yi's books, and learning a subset of Confucian classics and history" laid a solid foundation for his life, and set up his lofty ambition of "reviving sven and taking discipline as his own responsibility". He once warned himself: "Don't learn useless things, don't read unholy books, don't worry about it, don't be tied down by interests, don't care about details, and don't be a Confucian."
At that time, the Mongolian khanate had conquered Mobei, the Western Regions, the Central Plains, the Northeast, the Southwest and other places, accounting for nine points of the world, and only the southeast was an enemy of the Southern Song Dynasty. In order to conquer the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Xianzong Mengge led an army to make a personal expedition and died in Fishing City. The death of Mongo immediately plunged the Mongolian Khanate into civil strife. Kublai Khan, who ruled the Central Plains, acceded to the throne as emperor and became Yuan Shizu with the support of the noble ministers of the Central Plains. The nobles who ruled Mobei and the Western Regions also established Kublai Khan's younger brother Ali Bughan.
After Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, the first important thing was to deal with the opposition of some Mongolian nobles from Mobei and the western regions, so he hoped that the south would remain stable; On the other hand, Kublai Khan admires Confucianism, hoping that it can be decided by Jiangnan, which can not only improve its status as a representative of Confucianism and win a good reputation, but also avoid social and economic damage and gain tangible benefits; In addition, when Kublai Khan became a fan of the king, he had a "gentleman's agreement" with Jia Sidao, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. Jia Sidao promised to make peace with Mongolia and pay the annual currency. Therefore, Kublai Khan hoped to reach a formal peace agreement with the Southern Song Dynasty and believed that the peace agreement would naturally succeed. The key is to send a person who has enough weight in Mongolia to make a peace agreement without the national feelings of the Southern Song Dynasty. In this context, Hao Jing, as the main representative of the idea of "one country under the sun", became the most suitable candidate and was sent to Guo Xin to negotiate with the Southern Song Dynasty.
When Hao Jing arrived in Zhou Zhen (now Yizheng, Jiangsu), he first sent an agreement to Jia Sidao. But what Hao Jing never expected was that the "gentleman's agreement" between Jia Sidao and Kublai Khan was agreed by the emperor. In fact, Jia Sidao not only did not mention making peace with Kublai Khan, but boasted that under his leadership, Song Jun won a great victory and wiped out all the enemies along the Yangtze River. Song Lizong listened to Jia Sidao's big lie and thought that Jia Sidao had made great contributions. He wrote a special imperial edict, praising his selfless dedication and good command, and immediately promoted him to rank and knight. Hearing that Hao Jing was coming to Lin 'an, Jia Sidao was afraid that he would get caught, so he quickly sent someone to Zhou Zhen to detain Hao Jing.
Kublai Khan was very angry when he heard the news, but he had to put aside the Southern Song Dynasty for the time being in order to deal with the threats from Mobei and the Western Regions.
Before his mission in Hao Jing, some friends advised him not to go, for fear of danger. However, Hao Jing said, "Since the north and south were difficult to construct, the Yangtze River and Huaihe River were separated from Lebanon, and the weak were slightly captured. The strong died in vilen, and the war continued to be disastrous." It is good for both countries to treat the two countries equally. Although we can fight an unexpected abyss with a small body, we can save millions of lives and live under Feng Yu's dysprosium. What I have learned is useful. "It can be seen that before he went to perform the task, he thought that he had jumped into the abyss with his tiny body, and the danger was unimaginable. However, in order that the people in the Jianghuai area would no longer suffer from military disasters at that time, even if it was dangerous, he would go. Unfortunately, as friends expected, a generation of literati met a rogue and local ruffian, and one of them couldn't explain clearly, and he really became a prisoner under the order.
In fact, Hao Jing went south with a peace of mind, while Kublai Khan only wanted nothing in the south. In order to deal with Ali Buge with peace of mind, he would not ask too much. Jia Sidao, as long as it is properly discussed with Hao Jing, Hao Jing will never tell the peace situation between Jia Sidao and Kublai Khan for the sake of the overall situation. Jia Sidao crossed the belly of a scholar with the care of a rogue, but it brought disaster to the country and the nation!
During Hao Jing's detention, Hao Jing's servants fought angrily because they didn't want to be insulted by the guards. As a result, several people were killed. Facing the death of his partner in the struggle, Hao Jing and his party are even more lonely. However, Hao Jing never wavered in his belief. He said, "I'm going to die here, advance and retreat in moderation, and listen to what he says." If you are unyielding and do your best for me, how can you be unfaithful and unjust to humiliate Zhongzhou scholar-officials? "Determined to fight for the dignity of the central plains scholar-officials. Hao Jing's words later spread out, and this and this person in the Song Dynasty also heard about it, but they were still outwitted by Jia Sidao.
It is worth mentioning that during Hao Jing's imprisonment, the Yuan Dynasty sent five envoys to the Southern Song Dynasty to make peace, all of whom were killed by local commanders or some mobs. It can be seen that there is a powerful force in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is trying to undermine the peace between the two countries. This fanatical militancy was the key to the national subjugation in the Southern Song Dynasty. The refusal of the Southern Song Dynasty to talk about peace also angered the Yuan Dynasty, especially the Confucian scholars and generals in the Central Plains. Later, Zhang Hongfan, who killed 200,000 remnants of the Song Dynasty in the Battle of Cliff Mountain, was Hao Jing's disciple. The teacher's long-term imprisonment in the Southern Dynasties did little harm to him, so that he was gentle and humble in nature and uncharacteristically cruel to the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty. Or because he killed too many people and had a bad conscience, Zhang Hongfan died shortly after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Hao Jing was imprisoned in Jiangnan for sixteen years until Bo Yan's army crossed the Yangtze River and attacked the Song Dynasty on a large scale. When the Song Dynasty was on the verge of national subjugation, Hao Jing was returned. Not long after, the Emperor and Empress Dowager of the Song Dynasty were also sent to the north as prisoners of war.
Hao Jing was tortured in the south, and his body was getting weaker. Although he was well cared for in China, he died only one year later, Shi Wenzhong. He was only 53 years old when he died. Before he died, he wrote the words "Tianfeng Haitao" in calligraphy. Expressed him: It is a sad mood for Wan Yan to repair the north and the south, and to pay with sincerity.
In the era of Hao Jing, with the Mongolian soldiers conquering the world, various western ideas and civilizations were integrated into the China world. Hao Jing clearly saw that it is not feasible to blindly adhere to the ancient culture of his own nation. If Chinese civilization wants to continue to be stronger than the world, it must regain the spirit of "all rivers run into the sea". However, at that time, not only Mongolians and Semu people, but also the Central Plains region, which is China people, regarded southerners as "barbarians". How did they achieve such an extremely arrogant "world family"?
He spent more than 5700 days, suffered all kinds of torture and almost died. Although he survived through hardships, it also completely destroyed his health. Most importantly, failure has dealt a heavy blow to Hao Jing's mind. Hao Jing's ideal of connecting the North and the South was completely shattered, and the Yuan Dynasty finally conquered the Southern Song Dynasty by force. Although the three northern ethnic groups "Mongolian, Semu and * * *" also serve each other internally, they all look down on southerners and regard the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty as "Man Zi" and "Na Man", which is extremely cruel and tyrannical. Eventually aroused the rebellion of "Man Zi", and the largest dynasty in the history of China only existed for less than one hundred years, and then it fell apart.
Later generations have always regarded Hao Jing as the Su Wu of the Yuan Dynasty. Liu Yin compared him to "Hanbei Su Wu". In Wang Feng's poems, he is said to be "Frost and Snow Suwu Festival, meeting Wei's heart". Emperor Qianlong praised: "May Lu Lian's unfulfilled ambition be attached." However, while people pay attention to his integrity, should we also pay attention to his grand plan of surpassing the times?
My prosperity in China should be based on wisdom and kindness, not force.
Hao Jing wrote a letter and Su Wu herded sheep.
There is a play in Beijing Opera called Su Wu Shepherd, which is one of Ma's representative works. It tells the story that Su Wu was detained as an envoy to the Huns in the Western Han Dynasty 19. He is hard-working and indomitable, herding sheep on the frozen northern border. Coincidentally, there was also a Su Wu-style figure named Hao Jing in Yuan Dynasty, but instead of herding sheep, he kept writing letters and books. Let's call it "a letter from Hao Jing". Su Wu's story is a household name, but little is known about Hao Jing, who is comparable to Su Wu. This is unfair.
Hao Jing, Yuan Zelingchuan (now Shaanxi), was born in 1223 and died in 1275. He was one of the earliest Han Confucian scholars who followed Kublai Khan, helping Kublai Khan to govern fiefs, conquer Dali, deal with subtle and complicated contradictions with Mongolian Khan and compete for the position of Khan. It can be said that it is inseparable from Hao Jing that Kublai Khan was able to form a more enlightened thought, accept China culture conditionally and promote China laws made in China.
In A.D. 1258, Mongo Khan soldiers split into two roads and led the army to the west alone. The Eastern Route Army led by Kublai Khan, accompanied by Hao Jing, attacked the Southern Song Dynasty. When Kublai Khan attacked the gate of Ezhou, there was news that Meng suddenly died in Fishing Mountain in Sichuan. Kublai Khan longed for work and refused to withdraw his troops. Ali Buge (Kublai Khan's younger brother), who stayed with Lin Hanting, is busy planning to grab the sweat. If Brother Ali says Khan, Kublai Khan will be caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and the situation is extremely dangerous. After Hao's painstaking persuasion, Kublai Khan realized that the situation was serious, withdrew his troops, returned to the north, and arrived at Khan's position before Ali Buge.
Kublai Khan quickly withdrew. If Song Jun seized the opportunity to attack, the Union Army would be defeated. The warlord and traitor Jia Sidao feared the enemy and the war. Instead, he took the initiative to make peace and promised reparations and tributes. Ironically, Kublai Khan was forced to retreat, but he won a great victory.
After Kublai Khan ascended the Khan position, he sent Hao Jing to the Southern Song Dynasty. One is to inform Kublai Khan that he inherited the Khan position, and the other is to urge the Southern Song Dynasty to fulfill the agreement and pay tribute. The one person who scared Song was Jia Sidao, who was in power. He signed a traitorous treaty with Kublai Khan behind his back. He told a big lie that Kublai Khan was defeated by him and boasted that he was an enemy hero, which led to his promotion. When Hao Jing arrives, his lies will be exposed and the hero who saved the country will become a traitor. Can he not be afraid?
Therefore, before Hao Jing arrived in Lin 'an, Jia Sidao threatened and induced him not to mention the agreement to the court, but Hao Jing certainly wouldn't agree. Jia Sidao imprisoned Hao Jing and the Messenger Corps in Zhou Zhen (now Yizheng, Jiangsu) military camp, in an attempt to force them to submit with time and the life of prisoners. But Hao Jing refused to give in.
Hao Jing was detained for 16 years. During this period, Hao Jing insisted on writing to the Southern Song Dynasty court every month, requesting to be summoned. Write 16 years every year. It was not until Bo Yan led the army to Lin 'an at the gates that Jia Sidao's lies were exposed and Hao Jing was able to return to the Yuan Dynasty. On the day Hao Jing arrived in Dadu, thousands of people came to visit this great loyal minister. When Kublai Khan saw a sack full of letters written by Hao Jing to the Southern Song Emperor, he was so excited that he shed tears. Due to the prison-like life of 16 years, Hao Jing collapsed and died at the age of 53 shortly after returning to metropolis.
Su Wu, representing the Han Dynasty, claimed to be orthodox, but was detained by people who didn't know manners. Hao Jing, on the other hand, was a political power established on behalf of ethnic minorities, and was also detained for many years in the orthodox Southern Song Dynasty. This is quite thought-provoking and unforgettable. & gt