Cases of adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is usually considered to be caused by patients' overly sensitive personality and perfectionism. However, many teenagers have different causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychologists have found that improper parental education methods are the main cause of adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder. Many parents are too strict with their children and even find fault with them, which causes great psychological pressure on their children and eventually encourages obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Let's look at a case of adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder.
His parents' "heart-to-heart talk" made him double-check whether the door was closed.
Xiaoguang is a junior high school freshman. Although he is a boy, he feels like a "good family". He doesn't talk much in class or even argue with others. The reason why he formed such a character has a lot to do with the harsh demands of his parents. From small to large, he can't have any mistakes in life or study, otherwise he is waiting for an overwhelming reprimand and sometimes even corporal punishment. Therefore, no matter what he does, he is careful for fear of making mistakes.
One morning, Xiaoguang got up late and hurried to school without breakfast. He forgot to lock the door in his hurry, and his parents went out before him. In this way, the door remained open until the evening. Mom came home from work at night and found that this situation almost fainted. Fortunately, there was no Mr. Liang to patronize, and the family finally breathed a sigh of relief. But that night, his parents did "ideological work" for him for three hours. Although they didn't use sharp words, the atmosphere has formed an invisible pressure, which makes him feel breathless. The next morning, when Xiaoguang came downstairs, he had an ominous premonition. The door doesn't seem to be closed. He hurried to the sixth floor and found that the door was locked, which made him feel a little relaxed. The next few days will be the same, but the situation will get worse and worse. I clearly checked it once, but when I went downstairs, I doubted the conclusion just now, and I went to see it again. In this way, Xiaoguang can't get rid of the impulse to check in his heart. One day, he even had a good class at school and suddenly asked the teacher to go home and watch the door. In this way, obsessive-compulsive disorder has seriously affected Xiaoguang's daily life and study.
It can be seen that parents' education methods have a great influence on children's behavior, and it is precisely because of Xiaoguang's parents' improper education that Xiaoguang's obsessive-compulsive disorder is formed. Psychologists remind parents that when educating their children, they must pay attention to the way, consider the influence that their words and deeds may bring to their children, and avoid bringing too much pressure to their children because of their improper words and deeds.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder plagues urban white-collar workers
After work in the middle of the night, I continue to play games, surf the internet and read books, but I don't want to sleep. I have to stay up until one or two in the morning. When I walked to the door of the community, I suddenly suspected that the doors and windows at home were not locked and the gas power supply was not turned off. I couldn't help but go back and check it again and again. Over-reliance on communication tools such as mobile phones and computers.
Li Nuo (pseudonym), 26, has a serious obsessive-compulsive disorder of locking the door. Every time she goes out, she turns back step by step, always suspecting that the door is not locked. She often walks to the door of the community, climbs the stairs and runs back to open all the doors, check them one by one, and then lock them. In serious cases, she had to rework three or four times. She was very upset about it. Sometimes I go out to eat with friends, and when I walk to the door of the restaurant, I suddenly think that the door is unlocked, so I go back nervously to check. Although this problem has been bothering her, she never thought of seeing a psychiatrist.
A netizen "Wen classmate" is more suspicious of himself. "Every time I walk on the road, if someone happens to look at me more, I will immediately start to wonder if I have a big nose on my face. Or do you have a big piece of mud on you? Or make a fool of yourself is something else I didn't find ... "
The mobile phone is with you 24 hours a day. Although the bell is on, you should subconsciously check your mobile phone every few minutes for fear of missing news and phone calls. The first thing to do when I open my eyes in the morning is to surf the Internet. The webpage is refreshed every few seconds without letting go of any updates. I often repeat the same words several times for no reason; It takes a long time to wash your hands repeatedly ... these compulsive behaviors appear in more and more people.
According to a large number of case studies, psychologists found that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have some common characteristics in personality: relatively introverted, even autistic; Self-control ability is poor, and a few patients are mentally weak. They are timid, afraid of making mistakes, and lack confidence in their abilities since childhood. I am very cautious when I meet anything, thinking repeatedly, whispering constantly afterwards, and checking many times, always hoping to be perfect; Very stiff in front of people, easy to be embarrassed, too cultured, strict, etc.
At present, obsessive-compulsive disorder has been listed as one of the four mental disorders that seriously affect people's quality of life, and has become the focus of mental illness research in the 2 1 century. In the cases of psychological counseling and treatment, OCD patients account for about 10%, most of them are under 35 years old, and most of them are urban white-collar workers. OCD symptoms have covered all aspects of life.
The Manifestation and Overcoming of Forced Thinking
What is the most painful thing in the world? Terminal illness? War? Where are you going? No, it's your war with yourself, it's your war with another "self". Moreover, many people have struggled all their lives and ended in failure. People with obsessive-compulsive thinking are struggling with themselves. They have rigid ideas, expressions or impulses, which repeatedly come into their minds from time to time. Often unpleasant, patients often try to resist it in vain. Nevertheless, patients still regard it as their own idea. Only patients can really feel this painful feeling.
The manifestations of forced thinking are:
(1) I have impulsive thoughts, which repeatedly come into my mind and cause trouble.
(2) This kind of thinking, impulsive thinking, or imagination is not simply an excessive concern about some problems in real life.
(3) Patients try to ignore or suppress these thoughts, impulsive thoughts or imagination, or neutralize them with other thoughts or behaviors;
(4) The patient realizes that these compulsive thoughts, impulsive thoughts or imagination are the products of his (or his) own mind (not compulsive thoughts).
Why do patients have compulsive thinking, and why are they always afraid that things are not done well?
Their "fear" is nothing more than two kinds: 1 and fear of "what if". Often staring at the possibility of 1 in 10,000 miles, but ignoring the 9999 in another 10,000 miles. Find all kinds of "if", "maybe" and "maybe" reasons and excuses, escape from reality, fantasize and imagine a "paper tiger" to scare yourself. 2. Fear of "imperfection". Ask yourself to be perfect or think and do in strict accordance with social ethics or moral norms, otherwise, you will blame yourself and suffer. In fact, these "ifs" and "perfections" are actually unrealistic!
How to overcome compulsive thinking?
The first step is to distinguish right from wrong. That is to know clearly what is right and wrong, what is right and wrong, do it resolutely, and throw away what is wrong and false. Losing yourself will make you uncomfortable, but as long as you know clearly that it is uncomfortable, do it and really follow the decision of "learning to treat shock". When you can't tell right from wrong, just let it be. If you encounter this problem, what do you think or how to deal with it? I will learn from you and think or do the same. If we really follow the two "firmness" and stick to it, we can not only overcome the word "fear", but also transform our personality: we can transform our indecision and establish a decisive personality.
The second step is to think less and do more. Just think less about pathological things and do more "normal" things. Everything is normal, except pathological things, such as work, study, entertainment and so on. As long as it's normal, do whatever you want. Before morbid thinking appears, you should arrange your time tightly and move ahead. Eliminate morbid thinking in the bud through transfer. Many patients have such experiences in clinic: when they are free or in a bad mood, pathological thinking appears more; When you are busy at work or in a good mood, morbid thinking appears less or even disappears completely. But this kind of situation can only be done by patients who don't escape, and evaders often retreat.
The third step is to do it according to your own ideas. When you think of something normal, do it at once, and don't have too much imagination and assumptions.
Too much imagination can only make you flinch and escape; When morbid thinking appears, immediately transfer your thoughts or interrupt morbid imagination, don't let yourself think indefinitely, but do normal things. For example, many patients are "afraid" of morbid thinking, but in fact, the more "afraid" they are, the more morbid they become. At this time, don't be stubborn or want to interrupt or ask not to be disturbed at once, let alone be nervous, but ignore its existence and continue to do symptomatic "normal" things. At this time, it may cause great interference to what you are doing, but when you persist for a period of time, these interferences will become less and less. In the process of using the trilogy to overcome the word "fear", we can adopt the strategy of "four noes"-"not afraid of it, ignoring it, not trying hard, not paying attention to it deliberately" to gradually eliminate forced thinking.
No-in fact, many people are always "afraid" of forced thinking. In fact, this kind of idea will occasionally appear in normal people, but everyone doesn't care or occasionally thinks about it. Obsessive-compulsive thinking patients are often afraid of this kind of thinking that anyone can have-"fear", and then afraid of the recurrence of this kind of thinking. As a result, the more afraid and nervous they are, the more they are constantly strengthening and consolidating this "fear". Why don't ordinary people form morbid thinking, while obsessive-compulsive disorder patients lead to morbid thinking? Or the "root cause"-personality defects are at work. Imagine if you don't have a series of "excessive" personalities, such as demanding perfection from yourself, too strong ethical concepts, and don't care about anything, can you be normal, and will you still have this fear? Will there be such thinking? Therefore, for forced thinking, patients must first change their thinking. "Everyone may have these thoughts or concerns, but everyone doesn't care. It's normal that they have. The reason why they are afraid of it is to strengthen it. Why do you ask yourself not to appear? Just show up, I am not afraid of you! " Take an indifferent attitude towards it, don't be afraid of it. Only by changing the habitual rational thinking mode of "being nervous when forced thinking appears, and being scared to collapse before seeing the appearance of a' paper tiger'" can we gradually build up self-confidence. With this self-confidence as the premise, I can stand in front of the "paper tiger" and fight it "tenaciously" and "strategically". Toughness shows that it is stubborn, and strategy shows that we should adopt strategy instead of hard resistance. If you are afraid, it means that your personality transformation is not enough-the roots have not been completely dug out-"It is because your personality is too rigorous, too perfect, too …, so it appears, and these personality defects need further transformation." Therefore, it is very important to recognize the word "fear"-the temper of "paper tiger" and "bullying the soft and fearing the hard". Otherwise, the paper tiger will eat you, and you may not even know what happened!
We should "let nature take its course" when dealing with forced thinking, ignore it and ignore its existence, so as not to entangle with it and get rid of it.
Self-treatment book obsessive-compulsive disorder changes life
The author of obsessive-compulsive disorder changes life is a psychological counselor who has been fighting obsessive-compulsive disorder for nearly 20 years. His experience and self-treatment theory are written in this book.
Content Introduction of OCD Changing Life: Twenty-seven years ago, the year after China resumed the college entrance examination, a shy boy was advanced placement and admitted to a key university. Everyone was amazed, and his bright future and sweet desire stirred in the boy's chest. However, his sensitive and fragile personality and mental retardation in real life soon knocked him down. He has a strange disease called "obsessive-compulsive disorder" in medicine, called mental cancer.
This unfortunate boy, after nearly 20 years of painful struggle and psychological exploration, finally got out of the whirlpool of compulsion by his own wisdom and perseverance and grew into a psychological counselor. He vividly describes the "devil" of obsessive-compulsive disorder with rich life experiences as clues, unique feelings and perspectives, popular language and flying style, attracting readers to enter the inner world of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. By studying psychology and combining the experience and lessons of self-rescue, the author puts forward the three-self theory of self-psychotherapy with certain originality and practicality.
Fighting obsessive-compulsive disorder is a painful thing, but when you overcome obsessive-compulsive disorder, it may change your life. After nearly 20 years of painful struggle and psychological exploration, Meng Gang has grown into a psychological counselor. Summarize a very practical self-psychotherapy method.
Turn on your computer and log in to QQ immediately. Do you have QQ obsessive compulsive disorder?
When you turn on the computer, the first thing to do is to open QQ and log in. No matter whether you have friends or not, whether you want to chat or not, as long as you see QQ on, you will be comfortable. If you don't open QQ, you will always feel that the computer is missing something. In the eyes of psychologists, this is another typical case of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which we might as well call "QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder". With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more people use QQ on their mobile phones, so this symptom is relatively more common.
Explained from the pathological point of view, obsessive-compulsive disorder is a neurosis, the main manifestations are:
1, forced action, that is, repeated action, knowing that it is unnecessary and can't get rid of it. Common in repeated hand washing, repeated inspection, etc.
2, forced thinking, common forced fatigue, forced imagination, forced memory, etc. Usually, patients are deeply anxious and subjectively try to resist forced thinking and action, but the result is getting worse and worse. Some patients are prone to anxiety, lack of self-confidence and demand perfection, which makes them prone to compulsive psychological reactions to daily life events.
Playing computer or mobile phone can't help but want to log in to QQ, which belongs to mild QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder and can basically be regarded as normal; The typical reaction of moderate QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder is to open QQ repeatedly and minimize QQ. When I heard the voice similar to QQ, I thought my friends would find themselves and pay attention to QQ again. Serious QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder is even more terrible, often accompanied by the illusion and fantasy that QQ friends are online. They are too poor to find new QQ friends and will not give up until QQ bursts.
3. Mild QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder: I can't help but want to log in to QQ when I turn on my computer or mobile phone, which can basically be regarded as normal;
4, moderate QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder performance: repeatedly click QQ, close QQ, minimize QQ, maximize QQ, as long as you hear a voice similar to QQ message reminder, you will think that a friend is talking to yourself, and then pay attention to QQ again;
5. Severe QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder: Patients will have auditory hallucinations and fantasies about online QQ friends, and constantly add new friends until QQ bursts.
Criteria for judging QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder:
Symptom 1: The first thing to do when booting is to log in to QQ;
Symptom 2: During the rest time between work and play, I will take a look from time to time, for fear that I won't see any information;
Symptom 3: If you don't get information for a while, you will feel uncomfortable. You have to talk to someone.
Symptom 4: every grass and tree is a soldier, and many voices are used as QQ messages or online voices of friends;
Symptom 5: As long as you turn on the computer and don't turn on QQ, you will be a little fidgety and unable to work and play seriously;
Symptom 6: Without new information for a long time, you will feel lost. ...
According to the medical definition, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neurotic disorder characterized by recurrent obsessive-compulsive ideas and behaviors. Here are some psychotherapy methods for QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder:
1, improve self-control ability
QQ brings us great temptation, so we must improve our self-control ability. QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder has brought us too much harm, and we can't become "QQ control". For students, especially junior high school students and middle school students, it is particularly important to improve self-control. This stage is a good time to study. If you spend all your time chatting on QQ, you will lose more than you gain. If you really can't control it, it's also a good idea not to bring your mobile phone, or let your parents and classmates supervise you.
2. Enrich your spiritual world
Many times people suffer from QQ obsessive-compulsive disorder because of boredom, spiritual emptiness and idleness [6]. Playing QQ can kill boring time. Therefore, experts suggest that you go to libraries and bookstores more in your spare time. Appreciating the elegance of world celebrities, feeling their thoughts, having a spiritual dialogue with celebrities, increasing knowledge and enriching the spiritual world are more beneficial than just chatting.
3. Take an active part in outdoor activities
Life lies in exercise. If we have nothing to do on weekdays, we should do more physical exercise. In leisure and holiday time, don't just play mobile phones and QQ, take part in some outdoor activities and do more physical exercise. Outdoor activities are good for both body and mind. They can not only share the fresh air of nature, feel the beauty of nature, but also cultivate sentiment. Through physical exercise, we can strengthen the heart and lung function, promote the healthy development of body and mind, keep a good figure and improve physical fitness in an all-round way.
4. Learn to distinguish right from wrong
After all, the network is virtual, so we should polish our eyes, learn to distinguish between true and false, and strengthen our ability to distinguish between true and false. Be more careful when making friends with QQ. It can be said that in this society that may be full of falsehood everywhere, we should learn to distinguish right from wrong and not easily agree to the requests of netizens; Don't meet netizens easily.
Is taking medicine addictive?
Recently, a 74-year-old man was taken to the family clinic by his family. The reason is that the old man wandered around the nearby casino all day and lost a large part of his pension. According to family members, this is a new pleasure for the elderly. It is understood that the past medical history of the elderly includes coronary heart disease, depression, Parkinson's disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The drugs being taken recently are: Prozac; Rabeprazole (acyclovir); Levodopa-carbidopa; Plessy and metoprolol.
Which of the above drugs is the most likely to cause the behavior of the elderly?
Compulsive behavior and dopamine receptor agonists
The correct answer is pramipexole. Although it has been proved that pramipexole has little risk of compulsive behavior, it has been reported that levodopa-carbidopa has such a risk.
A study involving 9 cases published in 2003 showed that among the patients who started to use pramipexole, the incidence of compulsive behavior indexed by pramipexole was 65438 0.5%. This adverse reaction is effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease at high dose (>: 3 mg/ day), but it is more likely to occur. Praxole can also be used to treat restless legs syndrome with FDA approval, but the incidence of compulsion is extremely low at low doses, and there is a dose-dependent relationship.
A study published in 2005 reported that 1 1 patients who took dopamine drugs developed obsessive-compulsive behavior within three years. Nine of them took pramipexole and two took ropinirole. After stopping dopamine agonist treatment, the symptoms of 8 patients disappeared within a few days to several months. Other compulsive behaviors found in 6 of these patients include overeating, excessive consumption and hypersexuality. It should be pointed out that these patients also took levodopa.
A large-scale cross-sectional study involving 3000 people found that 14% patients with Parkinson's disease may have obsessive-compulsive disorder, including compulsive behavior, compulsive shopping, overeating and hypersexuality. In addition, the probability of inpatients taking dopamine agonists has risen to 17%, which is 2 to 3 times that of non-Parkinson's patients. When pramipexole or ropinirole is used, the frequency and probability of the above behaviors are similar, but when levodopa is used for treatment, especially at high doses, the situation is similar.
A famous lawsuit took place on 20 10 about the compulsive behavior indexed by Prak. A patient developed obsessive-compulsive disorder because of taking pramipexole, and thus lost his life savings. So he took the pharmaceutical manufacturer Boehringer Ingelheim to court. Finally, the judge awarded Boehringer Ingelheim Company $8.3 million in compensation to the patient.
Other similar cases are still under trial, and the plaintiffs unanimously claim that the manufacturer did not provide appropriate warning information about the potential risks of the drug. Although these lawsuits are aimed at drug manufacturers rather than clinicians at present, if clinicians do not inform patients of the relevant risks when prescribing drugs, they are likely to be held accountable by patients in the future.
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