Who is the inventor of the computer?

Howard aiken, the inventor of Apple Computer is Steve Woznik. Who invented the computer? Strictly speaking, it is difficult to define. The original meaning of computer is "calculator", that is to say, human beings will invent computers with the original purpose of helping to deal with complex digital operations. The concept of manual calculator can be traced back to Pascal, a great French thinker in the 7th century. Pascal's father is the tax director. At that time, the monetary system was not decimal, so it was very troublesome to calculate. Pascal used the gear principle to assist his father and invented the first calculator that can add and subtract. Later, the German mathematician Leibniz improved it and invented a calculator that can do multiplication and division. After that, although the function of the calculator was improved and refined, the real electric calculator could not be manufactured until AD 1944. The first machine that can really be called a computer was born in the United States in 1946. It was invented by Mao Qili and eckert, and its name is ENIAC. This computer uses vacuum tubes to process signals, so it is huge (occupying one room) and consumes high power (everyone in the town knows when to use it, because the lights in every household are dimmed! ), and the memory capacity is very low (only 100 words), but it is already a great progress in human science and technology. And we usually call this kind of computer using vacuum tube the first generation computer. The first generation computers were as big as two classrooms and much smaller than the personal computers we usually use now. At that time, the computer part was a vacuum tube (now I can't find it), and what was archived was punch cards. Without the design concept of predecessors and the invention of computers, it is still difficult to define who invented computers. Although the famous scientist johnny newman (john von neumann; ; Von Newman is often called "the father of modern computers" by later generations because of his talent in the field of science. However, von Newman? K is not the real inventor of modern computers. This glory should be attributed to design? Two men who built the first digital electronic computer-John Moakley and Presper eckert. The legend that they built the first computer in just three years and fought for it in the next 30 years is a story of outstanding wisdom and deep regret. Who invented the computer? In computer class, it is likely that the teacher will say: The world's first electronic computer, called "Eniac" (originally Eniac, also translated into Chinese earlier as "ilium"), was invented by Americans Mocelli and eckart Key in 1946. If you take the computer knowledge test, there is nothing wrong with this answer; But if you tell others about computer history, it is wrong to say so. Because that's not the case. As early as 1947, the year after Enyak appeared, Mocelli and eckart filed a patent application with the US Patent Office, but the patent was released late in 1964, because the Patent Office still had doubts about their idea of "the world's first electronic computer". Moreover, after the publication of the patent, Hanniwei Company of the United States still produced the patent without purchasing it from the patentee, so the company was accused of violating the patent law. However, Hannibal refused to accept it. They think that the real inventors of electronic computers are not Mocelli and eckart, but atanasoff. So the lawsuit went to court. After125th session, the court finally announced in 1973, 10, 19: "Mocelli and eckart didn't invent the world's first electronic computer, but used the idea invented by atanasoff ..." Atan nosov is a physicist working in the University of Iowa. The heavy calculation process in the research made his life difficult, so he decided to engage in the research of electronic computers. 1937 One night in winter, he was depressed, because a difficult problem in his research bothered him and could not be solved, so he drove to a roadside pub in Illinois for a drink to relieve boredom. After he drank two glasses of wine in a row, the method of using capacitor as memory element to regenerate memory suddenly flashed in his mind, and thus the most primitive concept now called "logic circuit" came into being. Starting from this initial idea, after two years of hard research and experiments, the world's first electronic computer with binary logic operation as its core was finally made in193965438+February. However, it was World War II and the University of Iowa did not apply for a patent. Later, it did not release information. As for what this "built" computer has done, no one knows. This lawsuit caused by patent infringement has sparked a debate about who invented the "world's first electronic computer". After many investigations and verifications by the court, it was finally proved that the invention right of the world's first electronic computer should belong to atanasoff. Therefore, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers decided to award him the highest honor: the Holly Medal. Although it is often mentioned in many novels, movies and "unofficial history" describing the Second World War that the US military used the newly invented electronic computer to decipher the secret codes of the German army and the Japanese army, firstly, there are no official documents published by the state for reference. Second, even if electronic computers were used in World War II, there was no literature to support them. Therefore, few people know whether the "world's first electronic computer" invented by atanasoff was really built and officially used, where it was built and what its appearance was like. Another view is that the inventor of the world's first electronic computer was not an American, but an Englishman, and the time was also in the late 1930s. 1940, the war madman Hitler ordered his air marshal Goering to carry out the "sea lion" operation, and the deadline was 17 to destroy the British air force before September. Since then, the most intense and cruel British air combat in history has begun. Under the command of Marshal Doding, the British Air Force defeated twice its own enemy at a very small cost, and finally broke the invincible myth of the German army and shattered Hitler's ambition to invade the world. How could Marshal Doding have won such a great victory? For many years, it has been an unexplained mystery: because a few days after the unprecedented victory in British air combat, Marshal Doding, the number one hero, was inexplicably removed from the post of Air Force Marshal, and a year later, he was forced to retire. It was not until 1975 that the British authorities revealed the truth: it turned out that Britain had invented the world's first electronic computer at that time, and it was with this "magic weapon" that Doding successfully cracked the top secret password issued by Hitler's proud cipher machine and mastered castle wolfenstein's major military plan, thus winning the great victory in the British air war. In order not to let Hitler know that Britain had an electronic computer, Doding carried forward the spirit of self-sacrifice and "retired". So, why didn't Britain reveal this secret until 1975? It turns out that the British intelligence department has a very strict rule: no one is allowed to reveal any secrets for 30 years. It is precisely because of this provision that the honor of inventing the world's first computer fell to Americans, which dragged on for several years, but the name of the inventor was not even handed down from generation to generation. Of course, there are many sayings about "unofficial history" and they are widely circulated. Some people even say that the German army invented "the world's first electronic computer" earlier, but this legend without legal documents can only stay in the legend stage forever, and it can't be recognized by people, especially the scientific community. However, atanasoff built "the world's first electronic computer" in 1939. However, the conclusion was reached after careful investigation by American courts, which should be said to be reliable and even authoritative. What is the "world's first computer" made in atanasoff, because there is no public information, the average person can't know; No one can guess what the "world's first electronic computer" invented by an unknown British hero looks like. 1946 The "world's first computer" made in Morceli and eckart has been published. It is a real "giant machine": the whole machine * * * uses 18000 electron tubes, consumes 150kW/h, covers an area of 167m2, which is as high as three floors, but the operation speed is only 5000 times per second. Moreover, the input calculation program is very complicated, and the long and numerous punch cards can give experts a headache. Once something goes wrong, experts run from downstairs to upstairs, and then from upstairs to downstairs, sweating profusely, and it is difficult to diagnose the problem. At that time, supercomputers were expensive and difficult to manufacture. It is mainly used for the complex calculation of large numbers, such as the calculation of astronomical figures and the calculation of deciphering passwords. Therefore, it should be said that it is very appropriate to translate computer into "electronic computer" in the early days. Who invented the first computer in the world? With the development of modern science and technology, the application of computers in people's lives is becoming more and more popular, from desktop office system to family life, from adults to children. In life, there are more and more young friends who know computers and can operate them skillfully. However, do you know who invented the world's first computer to trace its origin? The world's first vertical automatic computer was born at Harvard University in 1944. The people who made this computer are Professor Alba from Harvard University and a group of engineers from International Enterprise Machinery Company. This computer is called "Harvard Computer One". It can keep the sum of 23 digits and calculate the product within 4 seconds. But the main body of this computer is electrical and mechanical parts, and there is no electronic part. It was not until 1946 that the first generation computer-electron tube computer was born. Up to now, it has experienced five generations of electron tubes, transistors and integrated circuits.