1, influenza vaccine is necessary.
(1) It can be used for more than 6 months.
This year, public influenza vaccination will be carried out for children who have been in primary school for more than 6 months before entering school, students from primary school to secondary vocational school (including Grade 5 1-3), pregnant women and women who have been giving birth for 6 months, adults over 50 years old, patients with high-risk chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, liver and kidney diseases (including body mass index _30), nursing/maintenance institutions, patients with rare diseases and major injuries.
(2) The elderly, young children and pregnant women are high-risk groups.
The peak epidemic period is from the end of 65438+February to February and March of the following year. The flu symptoms are more serious than the common cold, and the course of disease is long, especially for the elderly, children, pregnant women, patients with immune insufficiency and patients with chronic diseases, which are easy to cause common cold symptoms such as cough, fever and runny nose. If left untreated, it will seriously induce complications and even lead to death.
(3) Reduce the risk of serious illness in the elderly by 60%.
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. Influenza vaccine can protect 70% to 90% of healthy adults, reduce the risk of severe influenza in the elderly by 50% to 60% and reduce the mortality rate by 80%. Encourage people to get regular flu vaccination every year to get protection.
Do children vaccinated against rabies need to be vaccinated against influenza?
2. It is forbidden to vaccinate people.
(1) allergic to eggs or other ingredients in vaccines (such as neomycin);
(2) patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome;
(3) pregnant women;
(4) patients with acute fever;
(5) the onset of chronic diseases;
(6) people with severe allergies;
(7) Persons whom the doctor considers unsuitable for vaccination.
3. When is the vaccination?
Most influenza occurs from June 1 1 day to February of the following year, but some influenza will continue into spring or even summer. Vaccines containing the latest virus strains will be available in late summer for vaccination in September. The Guiding Opinions on National Epidemic Vaccination suggests that vaccination before the peak of influenza epidemic 1 ~ 2 months can play a more effective role in the protection of influenza vaccine. The best time to get the flu vaccine is before the start of the flu season every year. In China, especially in the northern region, winter and spring are the epidemic seasons of influenza every year, so September and June, 65438+ 10 is the best time for vaccination. Of course, vaccination also has a preventive effect after the flu epidemic begins.
After influenza vaccination, protective antibodies can be produced rapidly in human body, usually within two weeks, and the protective antibodies can last in human body 1 year. However, because the antibody level produced in the body after vaccination will decrease with the passage of time, and the composition of the virus strains contained in the vaccine changes with the epidemic strains every year, the influenza vaccine of that year should be vaccinated every year. It can protect virus strains with similar antigenicity to vaccine strains from infection or alleviate symptoms. Due to the decrease of antibody level, the strains contained in the vaccine are different from epidemic strains every year, so it is necessary to vaccinate the influenza vaccine of that year every year to achieve the best immune effect and produce good immune effect.
Children should pay attention to keep the inoculation site clean after vaccination to prevent water from entering. Pay attention to the signs of the child within one day after vaccination. A few children will feel a little uncomfortable, such as slight pain and redness at the inoculation site for a short time, and a few children may have a low fever. These are normal phenomena and will disappear naturally after 24 hours. If the child continues to have fever and local redness, take the child to the hospital.
4. How to choose the flu vaccine?
At present, there are three kinds of influenza vaccines used in China: whole virus inactivated vaccine, split vaccine and subunit vaccine. Both domestic and imported products are sold. Each vaccine contains three inactivated influenza viruses or antigen components: subtype A 1, subtype A 3 and subtype B. The immunogenicity and side effects of these three vaccines are similar.
Parents should pay attention to whether the type of vaccine is suitable for their children when choosing influenza vaccine for their children. There are two kinds of influenza vaccine: 0.5 ml dosage form and 0.25 ml dosage form for children. Children born less than 6 months cannot be vaccinated against influenza, and children aged 6 months to 35 months (under three years old) need to be vaccinated with 0.25ml dosage form, which needs to be vaccinated twice with an interval of 4 weeks. Children over 3 years old can be inoculated with 0.5 ml dosage form.
However, it should be noted that the whole virus inactivated vaccine has great side effects on children, and it is forbidden for children under 12 to vaccinate the vaccine. Influenza vaccine has a certain protective effect on influenza A and B, but it has no preventive effect on avian influenza.
5. Can you prevent colds?
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus, while the common cold may be caused by as many as 200 different pathogens, including viruses and bacteria. More symptoms are nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat and severe cough, and generally there will be no serious complications and no epidemic situation. Therefore, influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease that is much more serious than the common cold and needs special prevention.
Influenza vaccine is a preventive measure against a certain type of influenza virus, and its main function is to urge the body to produce antibodies against this type of virus. This special antibody has no resistance to common bacteria and other influenza viruses. Therefore, it is incorrect and unscientific to say that children will not catch a cold after influenza vaccination.