Due to the particularity of aluminum production, there are harmful factors and dangerous factors in the production process. Harmful factors mainly include dust hazard, poison hazard, high temperature hazard and noise hazard, and dangerous factors mainly include mechanical injury, falling from a height, electrical injury and fire and explosion hazard.
The main toxicants exposed to workers are fluoride, sulfide, asphalt smoke and carbon monoxide. Poisons mainly exist near electrolytic cells and flue gas purification systems.
According to the principle of toxicity classification in the current Classification of Hazard Degree of Occupational Exposure Poisons:
1. Fluoride is Grade II, which is highly dangerous. Inhalation of excessive fluoride by human body often leads to skeletal fluorosis such as osteoporosis, hyperosteogeny and mottled teeth, and even makes people lose their ability to work. Fluoride also has a strong stimulating and corrosive effect on respiratory mucosa and skin.
2. Asphalt smoke is Grade III, which is moderately harmful. There are two main hazards of asphalt to human body:
1. Asphalt volatilizes under the influence of temperature, and human contact will cause dermatitis.
2. The irritating effect of asphalt smoke on skin and the end of the year.
3. Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas, which combines with oxygen in hemoglobin tissue in blood.
1. Patients with mild poisoning have symptoms such as headache, dizziness, tinnitus, palpitation, vomiting, fatigue, rapid pulse, irritability and coma.
2. The poisoned patient is in a deep coma, with narrowed pupils, increased muscle tension, frequent convulsions, incontinence, pulmonary edema, and severe death.
Extended data
Main measures to prevent electrolytic aluminum:
1. Operators should wear safety helmet, labor protection clothing, dust mask, gloves and labor protection articles, and carry lighting flashlights.
2. Open the access door (cover) of the clean air chamber of the dust collector and lock it. You can wait five minutes to check the bag in the box, and someone is watching outside. Dust-proof articles must be worn at work.
3. It is forbidden to check and replace bags under pressure.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-electrolytic cell
National Health Commission of People's Republic of China (PRC)-Poison Classification