What is the role of knowledge about algae?

Protein seaweed in seaweed contains a special protein called glycophile, which has affinity for specific sugars, rather than valence binding with them. Glucagon is a kind of lectin, because it can cause cell sedimentation when combined with cell membrane sugar molecules. Glycophilic proteins are ubiquitous in terrestrial animals, plants and microorganisms, especially in leguminous seeds. Glycophilic proteins play an important role in biological defense, growth, reproduction, nutrient storage and biological life through their characteristics of recognizing sugar. Glycophilic proteins can also be used in blood cell separation and detection, drug carriers, immune antibody production and medical use of anticancer drugs. It was not until 1966 that algae contained agglutinating active substances. Subsequent studies have found that glycophorin of algae can not only agglutinate red blood cells, tumor cells, lymphocytes, yeast, marine bacteria and unicellular cyanobacteria, but also promote lymphocyte division in mice and humans. Some red algae, such as ginger, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, pig excrement beans, spirulina, etc., have this effect. Algae glycoprotein can activate lymphocytes and is closely related to immune function. Subsequent studies have found that some trehalose proteins can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, such as leukemia cell lines and mouse breast cancer cells. Another example is the combination of staining and cancer cells, so that we can diagnose or track the division and metastasis of cancer cells in the human body. The application and research of trehalose protein outside Taiwan Province Province in human health care and medicine is still in its infancy, and polysaccharide is not mature, so it needs active research and development. It can be expected that phycoerythrin has great potential in the future clinical application of immune system function diagnosis, tumor formation and metastasis. However, the screening of algae active species should be strengthened first, and then glycoprotein should be isolated and purified, and its biochemical characteristics and structure should be analyzed, so as to provide basis for subsequent research and expand its future application and improve its value in medical care. Polysaccharides in seaweed are substances that enhance immunity and anticancer activity in seaweed, belonging to special polysaccharides, protein, lipids, pigments and low molecular substances. In Chinese medicine, several kinds of brown algae can be used to prevent and treat cancer after cooking. The main component of this hot water extract is polysaccharide. Seaweed is rich in dietary fiber and belongs to sulfated polysaccharide or acidic polysaccharide. In addition to the above functions, some dietary fibers also have anti-cancer activity. Carrageenan from red algae is a polymer of sulfated galactose, which has immune enhancement and anticancer activity. Carrageenan mainly comes from carrageenan, Taxodium ascendens, Eucheuma, Sargassum and Ginkgo biloba. Porphyrin and cloth paste are also sulfated polysaccharides with anticancer activity. The former comes from laver, and the latter is mainly galactose polymer of sea radish. Fucoidan sulfate in brown algae is the most studied compound among the anti-tumor and anticoagulant active components in seaweed. The experimental results show that the monosaccharide has the effects of anti-tumor and prolonging the life of mice. A variety of brown algae, such as fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum, can also inhibit tumors and enhance the immune antibody function of mice. Alginate is the main component of the cell wall of brown algae, and its anticancer activity is related to mannuronic acid and guluronic acid. Some people think that the anti-cancer mechanism of alginate may be related to the enhanced activity of phagocytes and interferon, which indirectly induces the immune response of protein cells and affects the activity of lymphocytes. Dietary fiber in seaweed is a kind of macromolecule with polysaccharide structure, which is the main component of seaweed cell wall and also distributed in intercellular space. The dietary fiber of red algae and brown algae is rich and diverse, and most of them are water-soluble. The content and structure of fiber vary with the species of algae. The fiber composition of green algae is almost the same as that of terrestrial plants, mainly cellulose, but red algae is watercress, carrageenan and cloth paste, and brown algae is alginic acid, fucoidan and kelp sugar. Generally, the fiber content of seaweed is about 30 ~ 65% of the dry weight, which is much higher than the average content of beans, grains, vegetables and fruits. What is the use of dietary fiber for human health care? Taking animal experiments as an example, adding alginic acid to feed can improve the symptoms of hyperlipidemia in mice and inhibit the increase of blood cholesterol content; Carrageenan and watercress can combine with cholesterol and regulate blood sugar. Therefore, moderately increasing the intake of seaweed fiber can reduce blood pressure, blood cholesterol and blood sugar, contribute to the normal law of heart and blood vessels, and prevent cancer. In addition, seaweed food fiber swells after entering the human gastrointestinal tract due to water absorption, which is easy to cause satiety, avoid obesity caused by excessive food intake, and achieve the effect of weight loss and health care. In the human body, dietary fiber can help digestion and promote waste excretion, avoid the growth of harmful bacteria in the body, and has the function of intestinal regulation. Vitamins in seaweed When a certain vitamin is insufficient or deficient, it will cause metabolic disorders or diseases. Seaweed contains many vitamins, mainly vitamins B 12, C and E, biotin and nicotinic acid. Insufficient vitamin B 12 will lead to long-term pain, anemia, fatigue and even mental disorder. Although this vitamin is not much in seaweed, it is widely distributed in various algae. Vitamin C is related to more than 70 diseases such as septicemia, cancer, heart disease and weight loss. Porphyra yezoensis, reticulate algae, Undaria pinnatifida, Enteromorpha prolifera and other seaweeds are rich in vitamin C, which can reach 3 ~ 10 mg/g algae dry weight, not inferior to many vegetables and fruits. Vitamin E is related to the treatment of more than 45 diseases, including skin, muscle, hearing, vision, cancer and heart disease. This vitamin can protect the liver and avoid the damage caused by excessive fatigue. Generally speaking, the content of vitamin E in algae is below 100 micrograms per gram of algae dry weight, but it is as high as 600 micrograms per gram of algae dry weight in fuciforms. Vitamins C and E also have antioxidant effects, which can prevent unsaturated fatty acids from being attacked by peroxides. Nicotinic acid is also widely found in various seaweeds and used to treat arthritis, migraine and insomnia. Seaweed also contains biotin, which helps to regulate fat metabolism. Some algae also contain vitamins B 1, B2, D, A and K, and these trace vitamins also have their specific functions. Inorganic elements in seaweed seawater contain more than 45 kinds of inorganic elements. Algae grow in seawater and absorb inorganic elements as nutrients every day. Therefore, seaweed contains more natural inorganic elements than terrestrial plants, which can provide human needs. Among the inorganic elements in seaweed, sodium, potassium, iron and calcium are the most abundant. Iron is a component of heme, and iron deficiency is one of the causes of anemia. Calcium is a component of human bones and teeth, and it is also needed to maintain the normal function of cell membrane. But calcium is lost every day, so it must be supplemented, especially for growing children. Many seaweeds, such as Pteridium aquilinum, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Cladosporium and Reticulatum, contain a lot of iron and calcium, which can be taken in to supplement the deficiency. For another example, iodine deficiency in human body can cause abnormal thyroid function, and kelp contains a lot of iodine, which can provide the needed. Some algae contain a lot of magnesium, which can relieve stress and avoid heart disease caused by stress. Seaweed contains trace amounts of copper, zinc and manganese. Excessive use of these three trace elements in human body will cause poisoning, but if it cannot be maintained in proper amount in the liver, the liver will be damaged. Copper can also affect the absorption of iron, while manganese is related to blood sugar and epilepsy. If the human body lacks the above-mentioned macro and trace elements, it needs to be supplemented appropriately. Daily intake of seaweed can supplement various inorganic elements. Amino acids and fatty acids in seaweeds Some edible seaweeds, such as Porphyra yezoensis, Sargassum, Ulva Ulva, Chaetoceros, etc., are abundant in protein, accounting for about 20-39% of the dry weight of seaweeds. Seaweed contains more than 20 kinds of essential amino acids. It is important that most species contain thioamino acids, such as taurine, methionine, cystine and their derivatives, and the content of algae per100g dry weight is about 465,438+0 ~ 72 mg. Except milk, eggs and beans contain a lot of taurine, the thiamine-containing acids in protein, a common land food, are mostly insufficient or lacking, and insufficient intake will affect human health. Taurine is related to the normal regulation of heartbeat, brain chemistry, nerve cells and vision, while methionine and cystine can chelate heavy metals, and their sulfur and hydrogen combine to form sulfhydryl groups, which have detoxification effect. Taurine contributes to the digestion of fat, inhibits the increase of cholesterol content in blood and liver, and improves patients with high cholesterol. Red algae generally contain more thioamino acids than green algae and brown algae; The content of taurine in laver, seaweed, kelp, Ulva and carrageenan is high, and the content of taurine in seaweed can reach 400 mg per 100 g. Methionine and cystine exist in Ulva, Lycopodium, Enteromorpha, Scolopendra, Porphyra, Chondrophyta, Arthrobacter, Kelp and Fucus. Eating these seaweeds can provide special amino acids needed by human body. The fatty acid content of seaweed is very small, accounting for about 1 ~ 5%, but some special fatty acids have great influence on human health. Seaweed contains a small amount of saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid and stearic acid, which are common in animals and higher plants. Most of them are unsaturated fatty acids, such as kelp, Sargassum fusiforme and Undaria pinnatifida, which contain oleic acid, linolenic acid and low linolenic acid. The latter two are essential unsaturated fatty acids for human body.