The ancient Greek Olympic Games were banned in 394. Sleeping for more than 1000 years, it recovered and developed at the end of 19. From 14 to 18, there were three major ideological and cultural movements in Europe: Renaissance, Religious Reform and Enlightenment. The emerging bourgeoisie's admiration for ancient Greek cultural and sports thoughts aroused people's yearning for the ancient Olympic Games. /kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, some scholars and experts from Britain, France, Germany and other countries visited Olympia one after another. In addition to finding a lot of historical materials, they also found many precious cultural relics and historical materials related to the ancient Olympic Games, which aroused people's stronger interest in the ancient Olympic Games.
1883, Coubertin first proposed to hold a competition similar to the ancient Olympic Games. This is not a simple inheritance, but the expansion of sports previously limited to Greeks to the world. Although Coubertin's idea met with some opposition, with his unremitting efforts, representatives from 20 countries finally held the first "International Conference on Rebuilding the International Olympic Games" in June 1894 at the University of Paris, France. The meeting decided that the first modern Olympic Games will be held in Athens, Greece from 65438 to 0896. The Greeks showed great enthusiasm for the conference, and the audience attending the opening ceremony reached 80 thousand, which was not broken until 1932 Los Angeles Olympic Games. Since then, the Olympic Games has become a worldwide sports event.
Born in 00 1893, at the suggestion of Coubertin, the "father of the Olympics", an international sports conference was held in Paris to discuss the revival of the Olympic movement. 1894 1 month, Coubertin drew up the concrete steps and 10 issues to be discussed in reviving the Olympic Games, and wrote to sports organizations and groups in various countries. 16 June, the "International Sports Congress" opened in Sorbonne Theological Seminary in Paris, with 79 delegates representing 49 sports organizations in 2 countries. 2000 people attended the opening ceremony. The General Assembly adopted the resolution of "Reviving the Olympic Movement". On June 23rd, the International Olympic Committee was established. The establishment of the International Olympic Committee marks the birth of the Olympic Movement.
Nationalism and international ancient Olympic Games have distinct nationalism and unique cultural characteristics.
Modern Olympic games
This is a national festival, always held in the same place, and athletes must be of pure Greek descent. The ancient Olympic Games played a role in prospering Greek culture, but its limitations made it unable to resist the storm of multi-ethnic integration. It can only develop under the specific conditions of the prosperity of slavery in ancient Greece, and it is difficult to survive once it is invaded by foreign countries. The modern Olympic Games is open to all countries, all regions and all ethnic groups, and is held in turn around the world. It is a peaceful and friendly event for people all over the world.
Ancient Sports and Modern Sports The ancient Olympic Games used sports content closely related to military skills, with incomplete project settings and primitive and simple competition methods. It was a childhood sports competition in human society. However, the modern Olympic Games adopted highly standardized modern competitive sports, broke through the ancient tradition, increased collective events and created the Winter Olympic Games. The content is rich and colorful, reflecting the needs of the development of modern society.
Exclusion of women and equality between men and women 00 Women were not allowed to participate in the ancient Olympic Games, and offenders were sentenced to death. Although Coubertin tried to imitate ancient traditions in the early Olympic Games, he could not stop the trend of equality between men and women. Since 1900 women entered the Olympic Games for the first time, the number of female athletes, female sports events and female sports managers has gradually increased, and their sports performance has been greatly improved. Women's sports have made unprecedented development in the Olympic Games, and its significance has gone beyond the scope of competitive competition.
00 Ancient Olympic Games is a sacrifice competition dedicated by the Greeks to Zeus, the head of all gods. The cohesive force of Zeus made the city-states with the same religious culture but independent of each other, and sometimes even hated each other, gathered together to participate in the Olympic Games. Therefore, the ancient Olympic Games was not an independent sports event, but a part of religious festivals. The modern Olympic Games is a secular and non-religious sports celebration with an independent system of thought, organization and activities, and it is a sports event where athletes from all over the world gather together.
The leader of the ancient Olympic Games was an arbitration institution composed of slave owners and nobles. It was held by full-time priests and local officials in the temple of Zeus, who were all composed of people from the single city-state of Elis. It is difficult for them to maintain justice when hosting competitions between their own city-states and foreign players. In order to compete for the dominance of the Olympic Games, the city-states even fought with each other. The modern Olympic Games, on the other hand, has a perfect organizational structure, which is composed of the International Olympic Committee, the International Individual Sports Federation, the National Olympic Committee and the organizing committee of the host city, and has a wide range of internationality. Its scientific management, objective evaluation and strict organization constitute another essential difference between the modern Olympic Games and the ancient Olympic Games.
The development of the Olympic Movement 00 The Olympic Movement has a history of one century since the establishment of the International Olympic Committee in 1894. Its development can be divided into four stages. Initial period 00 (1) The initial period of the Olympic Movement (1894-World War I)
From 1894 to 19 14 before World War I, the world political and economic relations are changing rapidly, and all kinds of nationalism and xenophobia hinder normal international exchanges. Modern sports are only carried out in a few European countries, and sports competitions around the world are rarely carried out. The Olympic movement is still in the exploratory stage. The Olympic Games has not yet formed a certain hosting mode, such as poor stability in project setting, poor facilities in venues, financial difficulties, uncertain duration, unfair referee and law enforcement, and lack of clear regulations on competition qualifications.
1908 Olympic Games implemented standardization and standardized management, which set up a basic framework for future Olympic Games. 19 12 Olympic Games is the most successful Olympic Games in this period, and the participating countries, the number of athletes, venues, facilities and organizational work have been greatly improved. Coubertin realized his expectation for the first time: an Olympic Games without accidents, protests and ethnic chauvinism hatred.
The main problem in this period is that the International Olympic Committee, international individual sports organizations and the National Olympic Committee are still only a loose organization. The IOC has not realized that the Olympic Games were entrusted to a certain city by the IOC, giving up the leadership and supervision, so that all the affairs of the Olympic Games were arranged by the host at will. Because women are not allowed to formally participate in the Olympic Games, there are not only major defects in the popularity of the Olympic Games, but also hinder the development of women's sports. Formation period 00 (II) Formation period of the Olympic Movement (19 14- World War II)
The Olympic Games interrupted by World War I resumed on 1920. The International Olympic Committee has realized the importance of Olympic standardization from practice, and the basic framework, operation mechanism and basicity of the whole Olympic Games are at this moment.
Country of origin
The period is basically formed, which is embodied in the following aspects: the setting of competition events gradually tends to be reasonable; Competition facilities have been further improved; The duration is basically fixed; The bidding and hosting procedures have been basically established, and the qualification of athletes has been basically solved. Advanced technologies have been applied to competitions, such as electronic timers, terminal cameras, automatic printers, closed-circuit television broadcasts and so on. Since 1928, women's track and field events have been included in the official competition. This important change has promoted the popularity and attraction of the Olympic Movement. Another important development is the Winter Olympics, which greatly increases the coverage of the Olympic movement.
During this period, the organization of the Olympic movement has also developed, and the number of national Olympic committees has increased from 29 before World War I to 60, which has made important contributions to the spread of Olympic ideas around the world. At the same time, international individual sports organizations were established one after another. Through the coordination among the IOC, international individual sports organizations and national Olympic committees, the IOC has got rid of the specific technical affairs that exist in every Olympic Games and played a more important role in leadership, coordination and decision-making.
An important issue at this stage is that politics has a growing influence on the Olympic movement. For example, 1936 Berlin Olympic Games was superior to previous Olympic Games in many aspects, but it was used by Hitler to show off his strength to the world, which violated the purpose of Olympic peace, friendship and progress. Development period 00 (3) The development period of the Olympic Movement (1946- 1980)
After the end of World War II, the world political pattern formed a confrontation between the two major political groups in the East and the West, which had a great impact on the development of the Olympic Movement. On the other hand, the economic revitalization and scientific and technological development of countries after the war promoted the development of the Olympic Movement.
Due to the participation of the Soviet Union and newly independent countries, during this period, the number of participating countries and events in each Olympic Games is increasing. At the same time, Coubertin's idea of holding the Olympic Games in turn on all continents was realized; Mainland Games and Paralympics also came into being. With the popularization of the foundation-laying movement, the level of competitive sports has also improved rapidly, and African sports have begun to rise. At the Olympic Games, the United States and the Soviet Union competed for strength. Olympic venues and various supporting facilities have developed greatly than before, and the Olympic Games are developing in the direction of large-scale and artistic. Advanced electronic equipment, as well as gender and illegal drug inspection, have strengthened the fairness of the competition. All previous Olympic Games have greatly improved the municipal construction of the host city, laying the foundation for it to continue to play its role after the games. The funds for hosting the Olympic Games have also changed from simple government grants and private donations to government grants, social donations, selling TV broadcasting rights and issuing lottery tickets.
The Olympic organization in this period is not only a sports institution, but also has increasingly close relations with the state and social departments. The influence of politics on the Olympic Games is more obvious, complicated and sharp, and all kinds of power groups want to achieve their goals through this stage. In addition, the issue of doping and the excessive financial burden of the host country of the Olympic Games have been put on the important agenda. There are cracks between the three pillars and the economy is in crisis. This kindness didn't change until 1972 killanin became the chairman. Reform Period 00 (IV) Reform Period of the Olympic Movement (1980-)
In the 1980s, under the leadership of Samaranch, a large-scale reform was carried out in view of various problems faced by the Olympic Movement. In the past, the principle of "independence", that is, not making profits economically and not contacting the government politically, is no longer suitable for the needs of the new era. People's requirements for the Olympic movement are not limited to the four-year Olympic Games, but the Olympic movement has participated in a wider range of fields. The IOC pays attention to the dissemination of Olympic ideas in culture, education, science and technology. Through a series of activities, such as holding the Olympic Art Festival, establishing museums, holding "Olympic Day" commemorative activities, and holding regular Olympic science and technology conferences, it has played a very good publicity role. 1992 The number of countries and regions participating in the Barcelona Olympic Games increased to 172, with a total of 257 events.
The self-renewal and perfection of organizational structure make the relationship between IOC and other institutions closer and closer. Since the 1980s, the IOC has established a permanent organization-Lausanne Headquarters, which includes the president and various professionals, thus ensuring its leading position in all aspects. From 198 1, the IOC has a formal legal status for the first time, and can participate in various major affairs as a legal person, boldly carry out commercial development in the economy, create wealth through various activities, and create a good economic foundation for the development of the Olympic movement. Since the 23rd Olympic Games, there has been no deficit in the host countries of previous Olympic Games. Economic profits have greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the host country to run the Olympic Games well.
The important change in this period is that while affirming the role of politics in sports, it emphasizes that sports should not be directed by any country; While affirming commercialization, we have taken some restrictive measures against commercialization, canceled the principle of amateur status of competitors, and made the Olympic Games open to all outstanding athletes. This pragmatic attitude has promoted the healthy development of the Olympic Movement.
From the initial exploration to the basic formation of its own model, from the development after the Second World War to stagnation, and after the reform since the 1980s, the Olympic Movement has finally entered a stage of vigorous development.
Truce and World Peace 00 Ancient Greece is criss-crossed, and more than 200 city-states in a state of separatism have never been truly unified. But they always have a unified tradition and the same religious belief, which makes the city-state alliance maintain peace in special festivals. At that time, an important link that could unite Greeks with a strong sense of separation was the Olympic Games held every four years. To this end, the Greek city-state alliance concluded the "Olympic Truce" treaty. However, the scope of the truce is limited. It can't stop all wars in Greece, and it can only ensure that the Elis city-state and Olympia are sacred and there is no war zone. The ancient Greeks can enjoy an absolute peaceful life here, but in other areas, they only have the right of "exemption", that is, no one can infringe on athletes, officials and spectators passing through here (even if there is a war here). Therefore, the ancient Olympic Games lasted 1000 years without interruption. This is a peaceful event, serving the Greek nation and independent of the war environment. The modern Olympic Games aims to build a peaceful and beautiful world. Although it has no ability to stop the ongoing war, it strives to make people all over the world understand each other, respect each other, unite and cooperate with a view to building a better new world.
The ancient Olympic Games and the modern Olympic Games are two fundamentally different social and cultural phenomena under different social backgrounds. In ancient Greece, independent slave city-state system, unified culture and religion, humanized primitive gods and relatively complete sacrifice system were the social basis for the emergence and development of ancient Olympic Games. Therefore, it can't exist beyond slavery in ancient Greece. The fundamental reason for its decline and extinction is that the social background on which it lived no longer exists, and the ancient Olympic Games in slave society can never be revived under capitalist conditions. Just as the "Renaissance" movement flaunted the new ideas and new cultures of the bourgeoisie under the banner of "restoring" the ancient Greek and Roman culture, Coubertin's success lies in that he not only used the classical model of the ancient Olympic Games with great appeal strategically, but also clearly realized that "the Olympic Games must be modernized instead of clumsy and simple imitation and restoration." Therefore, he always takes the internationalization and modernization of sports content as the basic principle, making the new Olympic Games an international sports event with classical traditional colors and modern ideological connotations, and an excellent cultural crystallization of human society spanning cultures, nations and countries.
1896 On April 6th, the first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece.
Modern Introduction 00 Olympic Movement is an international social movement under the guidance of Olympism, which takes sports and the four-year Olympic celebration-the Olympic Games as its main activities, promotes the all-round development of people's physiology, psychology and social morality, communicates mutual understanding among people of all countries, popularizes Olympism all over the world and maintains world peace. The Olympic movement includes an ideological system with Olympism as the core, an organizational system with the International Olympic Committee, international individual sports federations and national Olympic committees as the backbone, and an activity system with the Olympic Games as the cycle.
1894 On June 23rd, when Coubertin and 79 delegates from 12 countries decided to set up the International Olympic Committee to start the Olympic Movement, this feat was once the object of irony. One hundred years later, the Olympic Games has become a festival celebrated all over the world, and the Olympic movement has attracted the active participation of 202 countries and regions.
1998, the famous Life magazine published 1000 most important events and figures in the past Millennium, and Coubertin's feat of restoring the Olympic Games in 1896 was among them, which was regarded as one of the Millennium events.
The Olympic Movement is a rare masterpiece of human society, which fully demonstrates the various functions of sports. Its influence goes far beyond the scope of sports, and it has produced a series of influences that cannot be ignored in politics, economy, philosophy, culture, art and news media in the contemporary world. The Olympic Movement not only constitutes a unique sports cultural landscape in modern society, delights people's body and mind with its unique cultural charm, but also inspires people to forge ahead with its strong humanistic spirit.
The Olympic movement is the product of the times. The industrial revolution has greatly expanded the economic, political and cultural ties among all ethnic groups in the world, and the exchanges between countries have become increasingly close. There is an urgent need to strengthen international mutual understanding through various means of communication. The appearance of the Olympic Movement adapts to the needs of this society and is the inevitable product of the development of human society to a certain stage.
Logo Overview 00 Olympic Movement has a series of unique and distinctive symbols, such as Olympic logo, motto, Olympic flag, anthem, emblem, medal, mascot and so on. These signs have rich cultural connotations and vividly reflect the value orientation and cultural connotation of the Olympic ideal.
According to the Olympic Charter, the property rights of Olympic symbols, Olympic flags, Olympic motto and Olympic anthem belong to the exclusive rights of the International Olympic Committee. The IOC may take all appropriate measures to ensure that Olympic symbols, flags, aphorisms and songs are protected by law at home and abroad. Olympic anthem At the 55th plenary meeting held in Tokyo in 2000 1958, the IOC finally decided to adopt the Olympic anthem as the Olympic anthem. Its music score is kept in ioc headquarters. Since then, this melodious ancient Greek music can be heard at the opening and closing ceremonies of every Olympic Games.
Ancient immortal gods,
Beautiful, great and upright father.
Pray for arrival to appear,
Let eye-catching heroes appear in the sky of this earth,
As a witness to your glory.
Please light up the running, wrestling and throwing events.
These all-out noble competitions.
Present the winner with a crown made of olive branches,
Create a steel torso.
Valleys, mountains and oceans shine with you.
Ah! Immortal ancient gods. The Olympic motto is also called the Olympic slogan. The Olympic movement has a famous motto: "Faster, higher and stronger." This maxim was said by Henri Didong, a good friend of Coubertin and the abbot of L 'Aquile Abbey in Paris, at an outdoor sports meeting to encourage students. He said: "here, your slogan is: faster, higher and stronger."
Coubertin borrowed this sentence from the Olympic Movement. He once made his own understanding of this, which may be the best interpretation of the Olympic spirit:
The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win, but to participate, just as the most important thing in life is not to win, but to struggle. The most important thing is not to conquer, but to fight hard. "
("The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not victory, but participation; Just as the most important thing in life is not success, but struggle; But the most essential thing is not to conquer, but to work hard. " )
1920, the international Olympic Committee officially recognized "swifter, higher and stronger" as the Olympic motto, and it was first used at the Antwerp Olympic Games in 1920. Since then, the Latin Olympic motto "Citius, Altius, Fortius" has appeared in various publications of the International Olympic Committee. The Olympic motto fully expresses the spirit of continuous progress and never-ending struggle advocated by the Olympic Movement. Although there are only six short words, its meaning is very rich. It not only means that people should not be afraid of strong players, dare to struggle and dare to win in competitive sports, but also encourages people to never be mediocre, full of vitality, keep forging ahead, surpass themselves and exert their potential to the limit. The Olympic Charter points out that the Olympic spirit is the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, unity and fair competition. The Olympic spirit plays a very important guiding role in the Olympic movement.
First of all, the Olympic spirit emphasizes tolerance and understanding of cultural differences.
Secondly, the Olympic spirit emphasizes the fairness and justice of competitive sports.
Everyone is equal, achieving higher, faster and stronger ideals.
As the late American famous black track and field athlete jesse owens said, "In sports, people learn not only competition, but also respect for others, life ethics, how to spend their lives and how to treat their own kind." The Olympic flame 00 first appeared at the Amsterdam Olympic Games in 1928. It was Coubertin who put forward the idea at that time, but it was limited to lighting the flame on the fountain tray near the stadium.
The lighting ceremony of the ancient Olympic Games originated from the myth that humans stole the flame from the sky in ancient Greece. In front of Zeus in Olympia, the sacred flame was lit on the altar according to religious ceremonies, and then the torch was taken to various city-states to convey the information that the Olympic Games was about to begin. The polis had to call a truce, forget hatred and war, and actively prepare for the Olympic Games. Therefore, the torch symbolizes peace, light, unity and friendship. The birthplace of the Olympic flame is usually lit a few months before the opening of the Olympic Games in front of the Temple of Hera in Olympia, Greece, the birthplace of the Olympic Games. The way to collect the sacred flame follows the tradition of ancient Greece. The only way to collect the Olympic flame is for the chief priestess to recite the eulogy to the sun god in front of the Hera Temple in Olympia, and then concentrate the sunlight in the center of concave mirror to generate high temperature and light the flame. The whole process was solemn and solemn, and there was no crowd watching. After the flame was lit, it was placed in an ancient brazier and brought to the altar of the ancient Olympic Games by the chief priestess to show the flame to the people waiting there and light the torch in the hands of the first torchbearer. Start its tour of the Olympic host city.
Opening ceremony 00 1, entry
The president of the Olympic Organizing Committee announced the opening ceremony. The President of the International Olympic Committee and the President of the Olympic Organizing Committee greet the heads of state of the host country at the entrance of the stadium and guide them to the special seats. Delegations lined up in alphabetical order according to the language of the host country, except Greece and the host country, where the Greek delegation entered first and the host country entered last. Speech: Raise the Flag The President of the Organizing Committee for the 2000 Olympic Games, the President of the International Olympic Committee and the head of state of the host country announced the opening of the Olympic Games. Playing "Ode to the Olympics", at the same time, the Olympic flag enters the stadium in the form of horizontal expansion and rises from the flagpole of the stadium. Lighting the Torch The Olympic Torch Relay will run and enter the stadium. The last relay athlete will light the Olympic flame and then fly the dove of peace around the runway. Athletes took the oath, the flags of delegations formed a semicircle around the rostrum, and an athlete from the host country boarded the rostrum. Holding a corner of the Olympic flag in his left hand, he raised his right hand and read the following oath: "In the name of all athletes, for the honor of sports and the honor of our sports team, I promise to participate in this Olympic Games with true sportsmanship and respect and abide by the rules guiding the competition." Referee's oath 00 Immediately afterwards, a referee of the host country boarded the podium and read the following oath in the same way: "I promise to perform my duties completely and openly in this Olympic Games in the name of all referees and officials, and respect and abide by the rules guiding the competition." Play the national anthem of the host country and the delegations leave in turn. After these ceremonies, there will be group gymnastics or other cultural performances. This is the biggest workload, the longest preparation time and the most expensive project in the opening ceremony of previous Olympic Games. The host country often starts to prepare one or two years in advance and tries its best to attract guests with great momentum and unique national spirit. The success or failure of the opening ceremony depends largely on the effect and performance of group gymnastics.
At the closing ceremony of athletes' entrance, the flag-bearers of delegations first entered the stadium in a column according to the opening order, followed by athletes of all ethnic groups, and the flag-bearers formed a semicircle behind the rostrum.
The President of the International Olympic Committee and the President of the Organizing Committee of this Olympic Games boarded the podium. The Greek flag rises from the right flagpole of the central flagpole where the champion flag is raised, the flag of the host country rises from the central flagpole, and the flag of the host country of the next Olympic Games rises from the left flagpole. The mayor of the host city boarded the podium and handed the flag to the president of the International Olympic Committee, who then handed it to the mayor of the host city of the next Olympic Games.
The President of the Olympic Organizing Committee delivered a speech, and the President of the International Olympic Committee delivered a closing speech. Then, the Olympic flame was extinguished with the sound of the trumpet. While playing the Olympic national anthem, the Olympic flag was slowly lowered and sent out of the stadium in the form of horizontal expansion, followed by the flag bearer. Meanwhile, play farewell music. The delegations withdrew.
Finally, give a wonderful performance. The host country will hand over the Olympic flag to the representatives of the next host country. Put out the flame slowly. Awards Ceremony 00 During the Olympic Games, medals shall be awarded by the president of the International Olympic Committee (or a member selected by him) accompanied by the president of the relevant international individual sports federation (or his representative). Usually, after each competition, prizes are awarded in the following ways at the venue: the athletes who won the top three are dressed in formal clothes or sportswear and boarded the podium, facing the official seats. The champions stand higher and announce their names. The flag of the champion delegation should be raised from the central flagpole, and the flags of the second and third delegations should be raised from the flagpoles near the left and right sides of the central flagpole respectively. When playing the national anthem of the champion delegation, medal winners should face the national flag.
Events of the 2000 Summer Olympic Games: track and field, basketball, football, wrestling, judo, weightlifting, shooting, archery, fencing, rowing, equestrian, boxing, handball, tennis, baseball, softball, taekwondo, badminton, kayaking, table tennis hockey, cycling, sailing, gymnastics (including rhythmic gymnastics), volleyball (including beach volleyball) and swimming.
The events include 00 speed skating, short track speed skating, alpine skiing, freestyle skiing, cross-country skiing, nordic combined, platform skiing, modern biathlon, sleigh, snowmobile, figure skating, curling, ice hockey and skateboarding. Basic conditions 00 If an event is designated as an official Olympic event, it must meet the following basic conditions:
Only men's sports/sub-sports from more than 75 countries on at least four continents and women's sports/sub-sports from more than 40 countries on at least three continents can be listed as summer Olympic events.
Only sports events in more than 25 countries on at least three continents can be listed as Winter Olympics. Important requirements: The sports of the 2000 Olympic Games are one of the sports or disciplines. Need to rank in the Olympic Games and award medals and certificates as rewards. Before sports events are listed as official Olympic events, the first and most important requirement is that there are enough people and regions in the world to carry out this event and have hosted at least two intercontinental championships. Events, disciplines and events that rely mainly on mechanical power cannot be classified as Olympic events.
In addition to official events, the IOC also authorized the host country to list 1-3 non-Olympic official events popular in its own country as exhibition events of this Olympic Games, and other countries can also send teams to participate. As an informal competition, the winner will not be awarded a medal.
The ancient Olympic Games has a history of 1200 years since it was held in Olympia, Greece in 776 BC. It was originally a religious ceremony and gradually evolved into a sports activity. There were five sports at that time (including discus, javelin, long jump and running; Wrestling and boxing), running, boxing, wrestling, boxing wrestling (a mixed sport of boxing and wrestling), carriage racing and horse riding.
The first blank of closing the Olympic Games 00 In the history of the modern Olympic Games, the Olympic Games have been closed for three times for only one reason-war. World War I forced the 6th Summer Olympic Games scheduled to be held in Berlin in 19 16 to be aborted, which was the first blank in the history of modern Olympic Games. When preparing for the 00 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, the world was already in turmoil and war was imminent. However, the IOC is still preparing for the next Olympic Games. There are 14 cities bidding for the 12th Olympic Games, including Tokyo, Helsinki, Rome, Barcelona, Budapest, Alexandria, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Dublin, Toronto, Lausanne, Athens, London and Montreal. After several rounds of voting, Tokyo and Helsinki finally won, and finally Tokyo won with 37 votes.
The 12th Olympic Games was originally scheduled to be held from September 2 1 Sunday to1October 6 1940. 1937 Japanese militarism launched a war of aggression against China. 1938 In July, the International Olympic Committee held a meeting in Cairo. The representative of China protested the Japanese invasion of China, which violated the Olympic spirit and demanded the cancellation of the right to host Tokyo. The IOC plenary session did not make a public statement, but decided to use Helsinki as a backup venue at a secret meeting of the Executive Committee. Shortly after giving up the right to host the Cairo Conference, the Japanese Olympic Committee had to announce that Japan could not host the Olympic Games under the pressure of the military. In this situation, the IOC officially decided to change the venue of the 12 Olympic Games to Helsinki, and the duration will be 1940 from July 20th to August 4th. With the outbreak of World War II, Finland informed the International Olympic Committee in June 1940+ 10 1 Subsequently, wars spread all over Europe and around the world, and the 12 Olympic Games was aborted.
On the eve of World War II, the International Olympic Committee also selected the venue for the 13 Olympic Games. Six cities bid for the 13th Summer Olympic Games: London, Athens, Budapest, Detroit, Lausanne and Montreal. 1939 The London meeting of the International Olympic Committee selected London as the venue. However, due to the war, this Olympic Games was not held.
The two world wars in the 20th century made the three Olympic Games originally planned to be held in 19 16, 1940 and 1944 blank, and people called these years the darkest years in the history of the Olympic movement. It ruined the Olympic Games and stifled the development of world sports.
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