What aspects of investigation do clinical medicine usually carry out? What are the contents and methods of survey design?

The commonly used surveys in clinical medicine are: ① survey of residents' health status; ② Epidemiological investigation. ③ Etiological investigation; ④ Clinical long-term curative effect observation. ⑤ Hygienic investigation. The survey design includes: ① the purpose of the survey; (2) the object of investigation; ③ Scope of investigation: ④ Observation unit. ⑤ Investigation items; ⑥ Questionnaire; ⑦ Quantization of indicators.

Commonly used survey methods are:

① Cross-sectional investigation: investigate what is happening or existing at the site.

② Prospective investigation: This is a method of designing exposed and unexposed groups in advance, observing their reactions, and finally analyzing the "cause and effect" of the results of the two groups.

⑨ Retrospective investigation: This is a method to compare the morbidity or mortality of exposed group and unexposed group through retrospective investigation after the phenomenon occurs. This is a kind of "from effect to cause"

Method.

(4) Follow-up survey: This is a survey method for long-term uninterrupted follow-up observation of the observed objects.