As mentioned above, personality is composed of temperament, personality and many other factors, and the interaction of these factors constitutes a person's personality. Personality is the basis of people's psychological behavior, which largely determines the way people respond to external stimuli, as well as the direction, speed, degree and effect of the response. Furthermore, personality will affect people's physical and mental health, activity efficiency, potential development and social adaptability. Therefore, attaching importance to the integration and shaping of personality is not only the need of physical and mental health, but also the need of self-development and self-realization.
Psychosomatic medical research shows that many physiological diseases have corresponding personality patterns, which play a generating, promoting and catalytic role in the occurrence and development of diseases. For example, asthma patients often have personality characteristics of over-dependence, naivety and high suggestibility; Migraine patients often have rigid, aggressive, jealous and deliberately pursuing perfection personality characteristics; People who are contradictory, compulsive, stingy, obedient and depressed are prone to diseases such as colitis and gastric ulcer. And so on, I won't go into details here.
The purpose of optimizing personality integration and shaping college students' sound personality is not only to avoid physical and mental diseases, but more importantly, to give full play to the best role of personality and realize self-realization. The so-called best function is that people are changeable, people are the best, people can realize the potential of any individual, shape their own lives and promote the development of the surrounding environment. Giving full play to the best role is the only way to realize and constantly surpass yourself.
1997165438+10 In October, Ge, a doctoral student in China, jumped to his death from the fourth floor of a library of Harvard University. Experts pointed out that only with a healthy personality can we cope with the phenomenon of "cultural shock" among international students. This incident, like the "Lugang incident" in the United States a few years ago, fully shows that personality health is very important for people with higher professional education.
In recent years, people have gradually formed a kind of * * * knowledge. In addition to intellectual factors, non-intellectual factors, or "emotional intelligence", are more important. The new concept of EQ was put forward by American psychologist Daniel Gorman in 1995. He summed up five aspects of emotional intelligence: knowing one's own emotions; Properly manage emotions; Self-motivation; Know the emotions of others; Interpersonal relationship management. There is no doubt that EQ contains rich personality factors, such as independence, self-confidence, diligence, sureness, tenacity, patience, perseverance, creativity, optimism and cooperation spirit. Some talented people, who are mediocre all their lives, are largely related to the lack of personality quality.
A cheerful, optimistic, warm and generous, sociable, sincere and loyal person is often more easily accepted by the group and others, and is also more likely to get help, thus creating a harmonious environment, which is conducive to his psychological pleasure and displaying his talents. According to the author's practice among college students, freshmen's maladjustment after entering school is often related to their personality quality. The author recently tested the personality status of graduates with Karnofsky 16 Personality Factor Scale. It shows that those graduates who are gregarious, faithful, independent, sophisticated and self-disciplined will get more employment opportunities for graduates who choose their own jobs in the job market.
In addition, personality and a person's ideology and morality not only influence, restrict and tolerate each other. Some good personality characteristics are also good ideological qualities. For example, the attitude towards reality (towards others, the collective and the work) is not only an important content of college students' ideological quality, but also a concrete embodiment of their personality quality. The process of shaping college students' sound personality is also the process of cultivating ideological quality, which complement each other and promote each other.
The 265,438+0 century requires the trans-century generation of college students to have more awareness of competition, responsibility, opportunity, innovation and efficiency, and to face the world, the future and modernization, which are often associated with personality characteristics such as self-confidence, extroversion, optimism, enterprising, tenacity, flexibility and trustworthiness. Therefore, it is the call of the new century to strengthen the personality health education of college students and cultivate their personality self-education ability. As long as contemporary college students have the behavior of independent personality, the intention of integrating personality and the desire to realize themselves, then the future of the motherland will certainly become better.
(B) the basic characteristics of contemporary college students' personality development
College students are in a special period of rapid physical and mental development and self-consciousness is gradually moving towards unity from differentiation and contradiction, so the college stage is still an important period for the continuous development of college students' personality.
Personality is the product of social culture. The social background and campus cultural atmosphere of reform and opening up have made college students have greater adaptability, flexibility and greater development possibilities, and also provided a broad world for personality shaping. At the beginning of reform and opening up, college students' strong subjective consciousness was manifested as "self-pursuit, eager to become a talent", which was a remarkable feature of college students' personality development in the 1980s. After entering the 1990s, with the establishment of the socialist market economic system, college students have gradually formed personality characteristics such as self-reliance, equality, openness and competition. The research of relevant scholars in China shows that the personality characteristics of contemporary creative college students are: courage to innovate and explore, perseverance, initiative and strong self-confidence. However, the ever-changing and diverse social culture also makes the formation of personality more difficult and uncertain, which leads to more confusion and conflict in the development of college students' personality.
According to the research of psychologists at home and abroad on the structure of personality quality, combined with the current situation of social development in China and the actual performance of college students, we believe that contemporary college students have the following characteristics in personality development:
1. Be able to know yourself correctly. First of all, I can recognize myself and basically accept everything that belongs to me, thus forming a positive view of myself; The second is self-objectification, which is more clear about what you have and what you lack, and understands the difference between your true self and your ideal self. Most people have clear goals and aspirations and work hard for them.
2. The intelligent structure is sound and reasonable. With good observation, memory, thinking, attention and imagination, there is no cognitive impairment, and various cognitive abilities can be organically combined to play their due role.
3. Strong ability to adapt to social environment and often participate in social activities. Contemporary college students have a strong interest in the outside world, a wide range of activities, many hobbies, an expanded range of interpersonal communication, and actively participate in various forms of social practice. At the same time, I can tolerate the differences in values and beliefs between others and myself. I can look at things according to their actual situation, not according to my own subjective wishes.
4. Enterprising, creative and competitive. Can regard career as an important part of life, and have a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility for career; Be competitive, open-minded, and less conservative; Like to create, be brave in innovation, be willing to take risks, be independent, have a sense of humor and be pragmatic.
5. Full and moderate mood. Emotional stability and fluctuation, dominance and invisibility coexist, and emotions are rich and colorful. Positive emotions and emotional experiences are dominant in study and life.
These characteristics show that the personality development of college students in China is basically good, and college students have a good sense of personality education.
(C) the temperament characteristics of college students
According to the investigation of temperament types of college students in China;
(1) Among college students, complex temperament accounts for 65.93% and single temperament accounts for 34.07%. The general trend is that the number of people with sanguine temperament is the highest, with * * * accounting for 56.32%, followed by mucinous temperament accounting for 24. 18%, choleric temperament accounting for 13.73%, and depressive temperament is the least.
(2) Comparison between liberal arts students: science students have more mucus, while liberal arts students have more bile, blood and depression.
(3) Comparison between boys and girls: Boys are more choleric and sanguine, while girls are more mucinous.
In daily life, we can initially identify the temperament of a college student through observation:
(1) bravery: Daily activities have a strong emotional color. When the mood is high, the enthusiasm for study and work is high and they are willing to make great efforts. On the contrary, they are not interested in anything. Actively participate in various extracurricular activities, like every new activity, even like to advocate something unique, especially like activities with a lot of exercise and lively scenes; Finish your homework in a hurry, faster than anyone else, and strive for the first place in the exam; High activity efficiency, unfinished business, no eating, no sleeping; The ability to understand and accept learning is fast, but it is not difficult to understand; Like to argue with classmates, always want to express their views first, like to express themselves in public and firmly believe their views; Vigorous posture, sharp and energetic eyes, rich and agile expression; I like novels and movies with ups and downs and exciting plots, but I don't like works that express the theme of daily life.
(2) sanguine: the inner experience is generally manifested in facial expressions and eyes; Actively participate in all school activities, but sloppy, finish what you started; When you are tired of school, just take a short rest and you will immediately be refreshed and re-engage in learning; Understanding problems is always faster than others, but learning is often different and it is not easy to concentrate; I hope to do difficult and complicated homework, but I am impatient and meticulous. I always hope to finish my homework as soon as possible. Easy to get excited, but emotional expression is not strong; It is easy to feel proud and feel more resourceful and sensitive than others; It changes quickly, and when something goes wrong, you will feel depressed. If you get a little comfort, or meet something that makes him happy, you will be in high spirits immediately. Good at communication, friendly to people and easy to make friends, but friendship is often not consolidated and there is a lack of intimate friends.
(3) Mucus: it is not easy to move, quiet and peaceful, rarely loses temper, rarely shows emotions, and has a single facial expression; Be disciplined in class, sit quietly in class and don't disturb others, and the law of life rarely violates the work and rest system; I understand the problem slowly, I hope the teacher can repeat it several times; Study seriously and rigorously, persevere, and do homework in an orderly way and not too difficult; I like to review what I have learned in the past; The ability to accept new knowledge is poor, but it is difficult to forget after understanding; Silence, less active conversation; Moderate communication, usually with a few good friends; Good at self-control and patience; Interests and hobbies are stable, single-minded and persistent.
(4) Depression: I like to be quiet and lonely, but I may be an easy-going person in a friendly group; Hesitant, indecisive, always spend more time than others, careful, safe and reliable; Don't like to show yourself, try to get rid of the work of showing; Shy in front of strangers, often showing panic when speaking in public; Emotional fragility, because a little thing will cause mood swings, easy to be nervous, be swayed by considerations of gain and loss; When you fail in your study or work, you will feel great pain; Love to watch novels and movies with delicate feelings and rich descriptions of psychological activities.
3. The practical significance of temperament
College students should treat their own temperament correctly. Temperament is not good or bad, and every temperament has positive and negative aspects. Although they take part in various activities, they generally don't decide their IQ or grades. People of every temperament type can become talents. For example, some studies believe that the famous Russian writers Pushkin, herzen, krylov and Nikolai Gogol belong to choleric, sanguine, mucinous and depressive respectively, and they have made outstanding achievements in the field of literature.
Temperament characteristics will have an impact on learning activities. Gary students are quick-thinking, enthusiastic, strong but careless and impatient; Optimistic students have quick thinking, strong adaptability and wide interests, but they are restless and unrealistic. People with mucilage are diligent, but slow and inflexible; Patients with depression are thoughtful and careful, but they are slow to act and lack energy. If you know your own temperament, you can make targeted adjustments to the next level.
Temperament will also have an impact on occupation, and some temperament characteristics can often provide favorable conditions for a person to engage in certain professional activities. Brave people can be excellent tour guides, salesmen, program hosts, speakers, foreign affairs receptionists, actors, producers and so on. They have adapted to the noisy working environment, but they are not competent for the work that requires long-term sitting and careful inspection. The jobs suitable for optimists are diplomatic work, management work, public relations personnel, drivers, doctors, lawyers, athletes, journalists, actors, soldiers, policemen and so on. , but not suitable for meticulous work, not competent for monotonous mechanical work. Surgeons, judges, administrators, accountants, nurses, telephone operators, broadcasters, etc. They are all jobs that slime people can adapt to, and changes and flexible jobs make them feel pressure. For patients with depression, it is just right to be incompetent in bile work, such as proofreading, typing, inspection, laboratory testing, storekeeper, confidential secretary, art work and so on.
Knowing the temperament of oneself and others is also of great significance in interpersonal communication. If you are asking someone with mucus, you should give him time to think about it, give more care and encouragement to people with depression, and avoid conflicts when dealing with people with bile. Of course, this is all in a general sense and cannot be preconceived.
(D) Personality characteristics of college students
After entering the 1990s, there are more and more only children among college students, and some personality weaknesses of only children are also exposed. Analyzing from four aspects of personality structure, generally speaking, the personality characteristics of current college students are as follows:
Attitude characteristics of (1) personality. In the attitude towards society and others, college students mainly show good personality characteristics such as loving the motherland, caring for the collective, being disciplined, optimistic, compassionate, helpful, honest and polite. Some people lack feelings for the motherland, and they have such bad personality characteristics as personal supremacy, freedom, indifference, hypocrisy and rudeness.
In the attitude towards study, work and labor, some college students show good personality characteristics such as diligence, seriousness, meticulousness, initiative and frugality. Some people are lazy, careless, conservative, flashy and wasteful.
In terms of their attitude towards themselves, most college students have good qualities such as self-discipline, modesty, self-confidence, self-esteem and generosity. Some people have bad personality characteristics such as conceit, pride, inferiority and shyness.
(2) the will characteristics of personality. Most college students show good personality characteristics such as consciousness, independence, initiative, self-control, decisiveness, firmness, composure, courage and tenacity. Some people show blind, dependent, passive, impulsive or indecisive, weak, panic, perfunctory and other bad personality characteristics.
(3) Emotional characteristics of personality. Some college students are easily emotional, while others are not easily excited; Some are moody, and some rarely fluctuate; Some emotional experiences are lasting and profound, while others are fleeting; Some are very happy, some are sad all day; Some are calm and willful.
(4) Rational characteristics of personality. The cognitive attitude and behavior of college students often have the characteristics of rational personality. In the activities of perception, memory, imagination and thinking, most college students are active rather than passive, bold rather than reckless, thoughtful rather than afraid of thinking and careless.
The above four parts of college students' personality structure are not isolated from each other, but interrelated, which constitute the basic characteristics of college students' personality.